Data Communications Principles

1. Introduction to Data Communications.- 1.0 A Perspective.- 1.1 Who Uses Data Communication?.- 1.2 Data Network Protocols.- 1.3 Data Network Architectures.- 1.4 Data Communication at Voiceband Rates.- 1.5 Carrier Systems.- 1.6 Channel Characterizations.- 1.7 Signal Processing for Data Communications.- 1.8 Organization of This Book.- References.- 2. Theoretical Foundations of Digital Communications.- 2.0 Introduction.- 2.1 Introduction to Decision Theory.- 2.2 The Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) Channel.- 2.3 The Binary Symmetric Channel.- 2.4 Elements of Estimation Theory.- 2.5 Fundamentals of Information Theory.- 2.6 Channel Capacity.- 2.7 Calculations of Channel Capacity for Selected Channels.- Appendix 2A: Basic Concepts of Probability Theory.- Appendix 2B: Detection of Signals in Colored Noise.- References.- Exercises.- 3. Error Correcting and Detecting Codes.- 3.0 Introduction.- 3.1 Block Codes.- 3.2 Cyclic Block Codes.- 3.3 Performance.- 3.4 Convolutional Codes.- 3.5 Decoding Convolutional Codes-The Viterbi Algorithm.- 3.6 Performance of Convolutional Codes.- 3.7 Sequential Decoding Convolutional Codes.- 3.8 Block and Convolutional Codes Concatenated.- 3.9 Automatic Repeat-Request Systems.- References.- Exercises.- 4. Baseband Pulse Transmission.- 4.0 Introduction.- 4.1 Direct-Baseband Transmission.- 4.2 Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) in a Distorted, Noisy, Bandlimited Channel.- 4.3 The Nyquist Criterion.- 4.4 Performance of Multilevel PAM with Raised Cosine Pulse Shaping.- 4.5 General Encoding Model.- 4.6 Correlative Level Encoding (Partial Response).- 4.7 Block Codes: A Multirate Digital Filtering Approach.- 4.8 Signaling on the Digital Subscriber Access Line.- 4.9 Intersymbol Interference.- Appendix 4A: Power Density Function of a Correlated LineSignal.- References.- Exercises.- 5. Passband Data Transmission.- 5.0 Introduction.- 5.1 Complex Analytic Representations.- 5.2 Linear Modulation Formats.- 5.3 Direct Inband Signal Generation.- 5.4 Multitone Data Transmission.- 5.5 Higher-Dimensional Signaling.- 5.6 Frequency-Shift Keying.- 5.7 Trellis-Coded Modulation.- 5.8 Conclusion.- References.- Exercises.- 6. Synchronization: Carrier and Timing Recovery.- 6.0 Introduction.- 6.1 Optimum (Maximum Likelihood) Carrier Phase Estimation.- 6.2 The Phase-Locked Loop (PLL).- 6.3 Carrier Recovery: Non-Data-Aided Systems.- 6.4 Carrier Recovery: Data-Aided Systems.- 6.5 Timing Recovery.- 6.6 Joint Carrier and Timing Recovery.- 6.7 Periodic Inputs and Scramblers.- References.- Exercises.- 7. Optimum Data Transmission.- 7.0 Introduction.- 7.1 Maximum Likelihood Sequence Estimation (MLSE): The Viterbi Algorithm.- 7.2 Whitened Matched Filter Receiver.- 7.3 Suboptimum MLSE Structures.- 7.4 The Optimum Linear Receiver (Equalizer).- 7.5 Decision Feedback Equalization.- 7.6 Chapter Summary.- Appendix 7A: The Wiener-Hopf Decision Feedback Equation.- References.- Exercises.- 8. Automatic and Adaptive Equalization.- 8.0 Introduction.- 8.1 Scope of Equalization Applications.- 8.2 Baseband Equivalent System.- 8.3 Minimization of the Mean-Square Error by the Gradient Algorithm.- 8.4 The Least-Mean-Square (LMS) Estimated-Gradient Algorithm.- 8.5 Fast Convergence via the Kalman (Recursive Least-Squares) Algorithm.- 8.6 Fast Kalman Algorithms: Kalman Algorithms with Reduced Complexity.- 8.7 Lattice Filters: Another Structure for Fast-Converging Equalization.- 8.8 Tracking Properties of the LMS and the Recursive Least-Squares Algorithms.- 8.9 Complexity Comparison.- 8.10 Cyclic Equalization.- 8.11 Zero-Forcing Equalization.- 8.12 PassbandEqualization.- 8.13 Joint Optimization of Equalizer Tap Coefficients and Demodulation Phase.- 8.14 Adaptive Cancellation of Intersymbol Interference.- 8.15 Blind Equalization.- 8.16 Chapter Summary.- Appendix 8A: Convexity of the Mean-Square Error.- Appendix 8B: Asymptotic Eigenvalue Distribution for the Correlation Matrix of Synchronous and Fractionally-Spaced Equalizer.- Appendix 8C: Derivation of the Matrix Inversion Lemma.- Appendix 8D: Tracking Properties of the LMS and RLS Algorithms.- References.- Exercises.- 9. Echo Cancellation.- 9.0 Introduction.- 9.1 The Dialed Telephone Circuit Echo Cancellation Model.- 9.2 The Echo Cancellation Model for Digital Subscriber Lines.- 9.3 FIR (Tapped Delay Line) Canceler Structures.- 9.4 Other Canceler Structures.- 9.5 Passband Considerations.- References.- Exercises.- 10. Topics in Digital Communications.- 10.0 Introduction.- 10.1 Effect of Digital Implementation on the Performance of Adaptive Equalizers.- 10.2 Adaptive Carrier Recovery Systems.- 10.3 Signal Processing for Fiber-Optic Systems.- Appendix10A: A Comparison of the Quantization Error (QE) of a Fixed Equalizer with the Achievable Digital Residual Error (DRE) of an Adaptive Equalizer.- Appendix10B: The Effect of Linear Equalization on Quadratic Distortion for Lightwave Systems.- References.