Exchanges
A Global History Reader, Volume 1
Published on 1. December 2008
Book
Paperback/Softback
384 pages
978-0-321-35508-9 (ISBN)
Description
This impressive collection of readings illustrates that the history of the world is as much about the relationships among societies as it is about transformations and continuities within societies.
Exchanges: A Global History Reader is designed as an introduction to the discipline of world history. Unlike other source collections, Exchanges helps students look beyond strictly delineated regionalism and chronological structures to understand history as a product of ongoing debate. Structured around a series of interconnected themes and debates, and pairing both primary and secondary sources, Exchanges challenges both students and teachers to rethink history.
Exchanges: A Global History Reader is designed as an introduction to the discipline of world history. Unlike other source collections, Exchanges helps students look beyond strictly delineated regionalism and chronological structures to understand history as a product of ongoing debate. Structured around a series of interconnected themes and debates, and pairing both primary and secondary sources, Exchanges challenges both students and teachers to rethink history.
More details
Language
English
Place of publication
United States
Publishing group
Pearson Education (US)
Target group
College/higher education
Dimensions
Height: 233 mm
Width: 190 mm
Thickness: 20 mm
Weight
652 gr
ISBN-13
978-0-321-35508-9 (9780321355089)
Copyright in bibliographic data and cover images is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or by the publishers or by their respective licensors: all rights reserved.
Schweitzer Classification
Content
Chapter 1 The Origins of Agriculture and Civilization 38
The First Farmers 40
>> 10. JARED DIAMOND, Location, Location, Location:
The First Farmers 41
The Eloquent Peasant 43
>> 11. The Eloquent Peasant 44
Agriculture 45
>> 12. FRANCESCA BRAY, Agriculture 45
Complex Food Systems in Mesoamerica 47
>> 13. JOHN S. HENDERSON, The World of the Ancient Maya 47
Complex Food Systems in Africa 49
>> 14. DAVID L. SCHOENBRUN, We Are What We Eat: Ancient Agriculture
between the Great Lakes 50
Conversations with Ogotemelli 52
>> 15. MARCEL GRIAULE, Conversations with Ogotemmeli:
An Introduction to Dogon Religious Ideas 52
Cultural Heroes and the Origins of Agriculture 53
>> 16. Han Shu 24, translated by Nancy Lee Swann 54
Chapter 2 The City: Its Origins and Nature 56
Early Mesopotamian Cities 58
>> 17. J. N. POSTGATE, Early Mesopotamia: Society and Economy
at the Dawn of History 59
Uruk, a Mesopotamian City 60
>> 18. The Epic of Gilgamesh, translated by N. K. Sandars 61
Cities in Mesoamerica 62
>> 19. OCTAVIO PAZ, Food of the Gods 63
>> 20. RICHARD M. LEVENTHAL AND CHARLES H. HOWARTH, JR., "Copan:
Ancient City of the Maya" 64
The Origins of the Polis 66
>> 21. ANTHONY SNODGRASS, Archaic Greece: The Age of Experiment 66
The Polis of Athens 68
>> 22. THUCYDIDES, History of the Peloponnesian War, translated by
Rex Warner 68
Humans as Polis Dwellers 69
>> 23. ARISTOTLE, The Politics of Aristotle, translated by
Ernest Barker 70
iv Contents
Chapter 3 Consolidation and Fragmentation of Power: The
Urban Context 72
The Unification of Egypt 74
>> 24. BARRY J. KEMP, Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilization 74
The Memphite Theology 75
>> 25. Memphite Theology 76
Shang Oracle Bones 77
>> 26. DAVID N. KEIGHTLEY, Shang Oracle-Bone Inscriptions 77
The King of the Road 78
>> 27. "The King of the Road": A Self-Laudatory Shulgi Hymn 79
Lordship in Mesoamerica 80>> 28. Popol Vuh: The Mayan Book of the Dawn of Life, translated
by Dennis Tedlock 81
Citizenship in Ancient Greece 81
>> 29. ANTHONY SNODGRASS, Archaic Greece: The Age of Experiment 82
Constitution of the Athenians 83
>> 30. ARISTOTLE, Aristotle's Constitution of Athens and Related Texts,
translated by Kurt von Fritz and Ernst Kapp 83
A North Indian City 85>> 31. The Ra?ma? yan.
a of Va? lm?iki: An Epic of Ancient India,
translated by Robert P. Goldman 85
Chapter 4 Ancient Religions: Cosmology, Cosmogony,
and Right Ritual 112
The Nature of Polytheism 114
>> 40. YEHEZKEL KAUFMANN, The Religion of Israel: From Its Beginnings
to the Babylonian Exile, translated by Moshe Greenberg 114
A Greek Account of the Birth of the Gods 117
>> 41. HESIOD, Theogony, translated by Richmond Lattimore 117
A Mayan Account of the Birth of the Universe 120
>> 42. Popol Vuh: The Mayan Book of the Dawn of Life, translated
by Dennis Tedlock 120
Vedic Understandings of the Cosmic System 122
>> 43. The Laws of Manu, translated by Wendy Doniger 123
>> 44. The Ramayana, translated by R. K. Narayan 124
Humans and the Cosmos 125
>> 45. The Laws of Manu, translated by Wendy Doniger 125
>> 46. Popol Vuh: The Mayan Book of the Dawn of Life, translated
by Dennis Tedlock 126
Contrasting Monotheism and Henotheism 129
>> 47. The Great Hymn to the Aten 129
>> 48. Psalm 104, The New Oxford Annotated Bible 132
Chapter 5 The Axial Age: New Reflections on Society,
Religion, and Knowledge 134
The Axial Age Defined 136
>> 49. KARL JASPERS, The Origin and Goal of History, translated
by Michael Bullock 136
The Axial Age Refined 138
>> 50. ARNALDO MOMIGLIANO, Alien Wisdom: The Limits of Hellenization 139
The Birth of History in Greece 139
>> 51. THUCYDIDES, History of the Peloponnesian War, translated
by Rex Warner 140vi Contents
The Birth of Philosophy in China 141
>> 52. CONFUCIUS, The Analects of Confucius, translated by Simon Leys 142
A New Vision of Righteous Living from South Asia 144>> 53. Buddha's First Sermon, version produced
by Maitreya Sangha 145
The New Jerusalem 146>> 54. Nehemiah 3:1-7; 8:1-8; 13:1-27 and Isaiah 43; 44:28-45:22;
and 66, The New Oxford Annotated Bible 146
A Mesoamerican Axial Age 153
>> 55. DAVID DREW, The Lost Chronicles of the Maya Kings 153
Chapter 6 The New Politics and Culture-The Consequences
of the New Vision 157
The Unification of China 159
>> 56. SIMA QIAN, Historical Records, translated by Raymond Dawson 160
>> 57. CHO-YUN, HSU, The Changing Relationship between Local
Society and the Central Political Power in the Former
Han: 206 B.C.-8 A.D. 162
The Invention of Greek Democracy 164
>> 58. THUCYDIDES, History of the Peloponnesian War, translated
by Rex Warner 164
>> 59. ARISTOTLE, The Politics of Aristotle, translated by Ernest Barker 166
The Limits of Hellenism 167
>> 60. ALAN E. SAMUEL, The Shifting Sands of History: Interpretations
of Ptolemaic Egypt 167
The Universal Cities of the Roman Empire 168
>> 61. GREG WOOLF, Becoming Roman: The Origins of Provincial
Civilization in Gaul 169
>> 62. AELIUS ARISTIDES, To Rome 171
A Buddhist Empire in South Asia 172
>> 63. A?SOKA, Rock Edicts, rendered by Ven. S. Dhammika 172
Chapter 7 Carriers of Exchange 177
Cultural Exchange in Mesoamerica 178
>> 64. OCTAVIO PAZ, The Power of Ancient Mexican Art 179
The Orientalizing Revolution in Greece 180
>> 65. WALTER BURKERT, The Orientalizing Revolution: Near Eastern Influence
on Greek Culture in the Early Archaic Age, translated by Margaret
E. Pinder and Walter Burkert 181
Cultural Diffusion in China and Africa 182
>> 66. ELIZABETH ISICHEI, A History of African Societies to 1870 182
Contents vii
>> 67. WILLIAM WATSON, The Chinese Contribution to Eastern
Nomad Culture in the Pre-Han and Early Han Periods 184
Changing North-East African Trade Patterns 185
>> 68. The Autobiography of Harkhuf 186
>> 69. The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, translated by Lionel Casson 187
Palmyra Caravan Tariffs 188
>> 70. Palmyra Caravan Tariffs 189
Immigrants as a Cultural Force in China 190
>> 71. SIMA QIAN, Historical Records, translated by Raymond Dawson 191
The Lion Capital 192
>> 72. The A?soka Capital, Sarnath, India [Third century B.C.E.] 193
The Diffusion of Greek Art in the Ancient World 193
>> 73. JOHN BOARDMAN, The Diffusion of Classical Art in
Antiquity 194
>> 74. Greco-Buddhist art 196
Part 2 Conclusion 199
Part 3
The Transformation and Rebirth of World Systems
(c. 2001 C.E.-1000 C.E.) 203
Chapter 8 The Fall of Empires 207
Eurasian Collapse-A Continental Crisis 208
>> 75. BARRY K. GILLS, AND ANDRE GUNDER FRANK, World System Cycles,
Crises, and Hegemonic Shifts, 1700 B.C. to 1700 A.D. 209
The Sack of Rome 211
>> 76. AUGUSTINE OF HIPPO, Letter 138, to Marcellinus, translated
by Wilfrid Parsons 212
Luxuries and Decline 213
>> 77. IBN KHALDUN, The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History,
translated by F. Rosenthal 213
Ecological Collapse 215
>> 78. JARED DIAMOND, Ecological Collapses of Past Civilizations 216
The Fall of the Roman Empire 217
>> 79. A. H. M. JONES, The Decline of the Ancient World 218
The Conquest of the S (R)s (R)nian Empire 221
>> 80. MARSHALL HODGSON, The Venture of Islam: Conscience
and History in a World Civilization 222
The Fall of Teotihuacan 224
>> 81. RENE MILLON, The Last Years of Teotihuacan
Dominance 224
viii Contents
Environmental Problems: Aksum and the Maya 226
>> 82. STUART MUNRO HAY, Aksum: An African Civilization
in Late Antiquity 227
>> 83. T. PATRICK CULBERT, The Collapse of Classic Maya Civilization 228
Chapter 9 Migrations of the First Millennium 230
The Huns 232
>> 84. AMMIANUS MARCELLINUS, The Later Roman Empire,
translated by Walter Hamilton 232
The Huna in India 235
>> 85. ROMILA THAPAR, The Image of the Barbarian in Early India 235
The Angles and Saxons Come to Britain 236
>> 86. BEDE, Ecclesiastical History of the English People 236
Barbarians in Mesoamerica 237
>> 87. MICHAEL D. COE, Mexico 237
The Expansion of the Bantu 239
>> 88. CHRISTOPHER EHRET, An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern
Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 239
Challenging the Master Narrative 240
>> 89. LESTER LITTLE, Cypress Beams, Kufic Script, and Cut Stone:
Rebuilding the Master Narrative of European History 241Chapter 10 The Heirs of Empires: Rebuilding the
State System 244
Europe after Rome 246
>> 90. PATRICK J. GEARY, Before France and Germany: The Creation and
Transformation of the Merovingian World 246
The Propaganda of Lineage 248
>> 91. Liber Historiae Francorum, translated by Bernard S. Bachrach 249
The Unification of China 249
>> 92. ARTHUR F. WRIGHT, The Sui Dynasty 250
Advice to a Future Emperor 252
>> 93. Emperor Taizong on Effective Government 252
Japan and the Creation of a State 255
>> 94. KENNETH G. HENSHALL, A History of Japan: From Stone Age
to Superpower 256
>> 95. The Seventeen Article Constitution, 604 A.D. 257
Chapter 11 The Diffusion of Culture 261
Buddhism in China 262
>> 96. ERIC ZUERCHER, Buddhism: Its Origin and Spread in Words,
Maps and Pictures 263
Contents ix
>> 97. J. K. FAIRBANK AND MERLE GOLDMAN, China: A New History 264
>> 98. MOZI, The Disposition of Error 265
Two faces of Christianity 267
>> 99. BEDE, Ecclesiastical History of the English People 268
>> 100. CHARLEMAGNE, Capitulary Concerning the Regions of Saxony,
translated by P. D. King 269
New Crops in Spain 270
>> 101. THOMAS F. GLICK, Islamic and Christian Spain in the Early
Middle Ages 271
The Spread of Arabic 272
>> 102. ANWAR G. CHEJNE, The Arabic Language: Its Role in History 272
To Make or Not to Make Ceramics 274
>> 103. JAN VANSINA, How Societies Are Born: Governance in
West Central Africa before 1600 274
Part 3 Conclusion 276Part 4
The Medieval World System, 1000-1500 279
Chapter 12 Global Trade Networks 285
The Islamic World as the Hub of Eurasian Trade 287
>> 104. AL-QALQASHAND?I, Subh al-a 'sha?, translated
by Bernard Lewis 287
Rebuilding Europe: The Origins of Its Hegemony 288
>> 105. JANET L. ABU-LUGHOD, Before European Hegemony: The World
System A.D. 1250-1350 289
Eastern Africa, the Indian Ocean, and Beyond 290
>> 106. CHAPURUKHA M. KUSIMBA, The Rise and Fall of Swahili States 291
Marco Polo and the Post System in the Mongol Empire 291
>> 107. MARCO POLO AND RUSTICELLO DE PISA, The Travels of Marco Polo,
translated by Ronald Latham 292
Markets in China and India 293
>> 108. CH'OE PU, Diary: A Record of Drifting Across the Sea,
translated by John Meskill 293
>> 109. ABD-ER-RAZZ?K, Narrative of the Voyage 294
Tribute and Gift Exchange in the Americas 294
>> 110. DAVID DREW, The Lost Chronicles of the Maya Kings 295
>> 111. Records of Tribute Received by the Aztec
Capital, 1502-1520 296x Contents
Chapter 13 Exploration and Conquest 299
Vikings in North America 301
>> 112. Groelendinga Saga, translated by Magnus Magnusson
and Hermann Palsson 301
The Crusades 303
>> 113. The Chronicle of Fulcher of Chartres, Book I, translated by
Martha E. McGinty 303
The Portuguese in the Atlantic 304
>> 114. GOMES EANNES DE AZURARA, The Chronicle of the Discovery and
Conquest of Guinea, translated by Charles Raymond Beazley
and Edgar Prestage 305
The Kingdom of Songhay 306
>> 115. ROLAND OLIVER AND ANTHONY ATMORE, Medieval
Africa, 1250-1800 307
The Mongols 309
>> 116. IBN KATHIR, The Fall of Baghdad (1258), translated by
Bernard Lewis 309
>> 117. A Mongol Governor, translated by Patricia Ebrey 311
Ambassadors, Post Systems, and Lame Conquerors 312>> 118. Clavijo: Embassy to Tamerlane, 1403-1406, translated by
Guy le Strange 313
Conquest in the New World 314
>> 119. INGA CLENDINNEN, Aztecs: An Interpretation 315
>> 120. JUAN DE BETANZOS, Narrative of the Incas, translated by Roland
Hamilton and Dana Buchanan 316Chapter 14 Exchanges of Inventions, Ideas,
and Disease 319
China: Hotbed of Inventions 320
>> 121. JOSEPH NEEDHAM, Science and Civilisation in China 321
>> 122. DAVID LANDES, The Wealth and Poverty of Nations: Why
Some Are So Rich and Some So Poor 323
The Perpetual Motion Machines of India 324
>> 123. LYNN WHITE, JR., Tibet, India, and Malaya as Sources of
Western Medieval Technology 324
The Chess Queen 325
>> 124. MARILYN YALOM, Birth of the Chess Queen 326
Networks of Disease 327
>> 125. WILLIAM H. MCNEILL, Plagues and Peoples 328
Contents xi
>> 126. IBN AL-WARD?I, Risa?lah al-naba' 'an al-waba', translated by
Michael Dols 329
>> 127. GABRIELE DE' MUSSIS, Historia de Morbo, translated
by Rosemary Horrox 330
Chapter 15 Exchanges and Perceptions of the Other 333
Russia Searches for a Monotheistic Religion 334
>> 128. The Russian Primary Chronicle: Laurentian Text, translated
by S.H. Cross and O.P. Sherbowitz-Wetzor 335
Muslims and Crusaders 336
>> 129. USA?MAH IBN-MUNQIDH, Kita? b al-I'tiba? r, translated by Philip K. Hitti 337
Mali in the Fourteenth Century 338
>> 130. IBN BATTU?TA, Rihla, translated by J. F. P. Hopkins and N. Levtzion 339
The Mongols through the Eyes of Their Neighbors 340
>> 131. WILLIAM OF RUBRUCK, The Journal of Friar William of Rubruck 341
>> 132. LI CHIH-CH'ANG, The Travels of an Alchemist, translated by
Arthur Waley 342
The Old and the New World Confront Each Other 343
>> 133. DIEGO DE LANDA, Yucatan Before and After the Conquest,
translated by William Gates 344
>> 134. GORDON BROTHERSTON, Image of the New World: The American
Continent Portrayed in Native Texts 345
Part 4 Conclusion 348
Chapter 16 Transition: Bridging the Divide in World History 350
Credits 355
The First Farmers 40
>> 10. JARED DIAMOND, Location, Location, Location:
The First Farmers 41
The Eloquent Peasant 43
>> 11. The Eloquent Peasant 44
Agriculture 45
>> 12. FRANCESCA BRAY, Agriculture 45
Complex Food Systems in Mesoamerica 47
>> 13. JOHN S. HENDERSON, The World of the Ancient Maya 47
Complex Food Systems in Africa 49
>> 14. DAVID L. SCHOENBRUN, We Are What We Eat: Ancient Agriculture
between the Great Lakes 50
Conversations with Ogotemelli 52
>> 15. MARCEL GRIAULE, Conversations with Ogotemmeli:
An Introduction to Dogon Religious Ideas 52
Cultural Heroes and the Origins of Agriculture 53
>> 16. Han Shu 24, translated by Nancy Lee Swann 54
Chapter 2 The City: Its Origins and Nature 56
Early Mesopotamian Cities 58
>> 17. J. N. POSTGATE, Early Mesopotamia: Society and Economy
at the Dawn of History 59
Uruk, a Mesopotamian City 60
>> 18. The Epic of Gilgamesh, translated by N. K. Sandars 61
Cities in Mesoamerica 62
>> 19. OCTAVIO PAZ, Food of the Gods 63
>> 20. RICHARD M. LEVENTHAL AND CHARLES H. HOWARTH, JR., "Copan:
Ancient City of the Maya" 64
The Origins of the Polis 66
>> 21. ANTHONY SNODGRASS, Archaic Greece: The Age of Experiment 66
The Polis of Athens 68
>> 22. THUCYDIDES, History of the Peloponnesian War, translated by
Rex Warner 68
Humans as Polis Dwellers 69
>> 23. ARISTOTLE, The Politics of Aristotle, translated by
Ernest Barker 70
iv Contents
Chapter 3 Consolidation and Fragmentation of Power: The
Urban Context 72
The Unification of Egypt 74
>> 24. BARRY J. KEMP, Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilization 74
The Memphite Theology 75
>> 25. Memphite Theology 76
Shang Oracle Bones 77
>> 26. DAVID N. KEIGHTLEY, Shang Oracle-Bone Inscriptions 77
The King of the Road 78
>> 27. "The King of the Road": A Self-Laudatory Shulgi Hymn 79
Lordship in Mesoamerica 80>> 28. Popol Vuh: The Mayan Book of the Dawn of Life, translated
by Dennis Tedlock 81
Citizenship in Ancient Greece 81
>> 29. ANTHONY SNODGRASS, Archaic Greece: The Age of Experiment 82
Constitution of the Athenians 83
>> 30. ARISTOTLE, Aristotle's Constitution of Athens and Related Texts,
translated by Kurt von Fritz and Ernst Kapp 83
A North Indian City 85>> 31. The Ra?ma? yan.
a of Va? lm?iki: An Epic of Ancient India,
translated by Robert P. Goldman 85
Chapter 4 Ancient Religions: Cosmology, Cosmogony,
and Right Ritual 112
The Nature of Polytheism 114
>> 40. YEHEZKEL KAUFMANN, The Religion of Israel: From Its Beginnings
to the Babylonian Exile, translated by Moshe Greenberg 114
A Greek Account of the Birth of the Gods 117
>> 41. HESIOD, Theogony, translated by Richmond Lattimore 117
A Mayan Account of the Birth of the Universe 120
>> 42. Popol Vuh: The Mayan Book of the Dawn of Life, translated
by Dennis Tedlock 120
Vedic Understandings of the Cosmic System 122
>> 43. The Laws of Manu, translated by Wendy Doniger 123
>> 44. The Ramayana, translated by R. K. Narayan 124
Humans and the Cosmos 125
>> 45. The Laws of Manu, translated by Wendy Doniger 125
>> 46. Popol Vuh: The Mayan Book of the Dawn of Life, translated
by Dennis Tedlock 126
Contrasting Monotheism and Henotheism 129
>> 47. The Great Hymn to the Aten 129
>> 48. Psalm 104, The New Oxford Annotated Bible 132
Chapter 5 The Axial Age: New Reflections on Society,
Religion, and Knowledge 134
The Axial Age Defined 136
>> 49. KARL JASPERS, The Origin and Goal of History, translated
by Michael Bullock 136
The Axial Age Refined 138
>> 50. ARNALDO MOMIGLIANO, Alien Wisdom: The Limits of Hellenization 139
The Birth of History in Greece 139
>> 51. THUCYDIDES, History of the Peloponnesian War, translated
by Rex Warner 140vi Contents
The Birth of Philosophy in China 141
>> 52. CONFUCIUS, The Analects of Confucius, translated by Simon Leys 142
A New Vision of Righteous Living from South Asia 144>> 53. Buddha's First Sermon, version produced
by Maitreya Sangha 145
The New Jerusalem 146>> 54. Nehemiah 3:1-7; 8:1-8; 13:1-27 and Isaiah 43; 44:28-45:22;
and 66, The New Oxford Annotated Bible 146
A Mesoamerican Axial Age 153
>> 55. DAVID DREW, The Lost Chronicles of the Maya Kings 153
Chapter 6 The New Politics and Culture-The Consequences
of the New Vision 157
The Unification of China 159
>> 56. SIMA QIAN, Historical Records, translated by Raymond Dawson 160
>> 57. CHO-YUN, HSU, The Changing Relationship between Local
Society and the Central Political Power in the Former
Han: 206 B.C.-8 A.D. 162
The Invention of Greek Democracy 164
>> 58. THUCYDIDES, History of the Peloponnesian War, translated
by Rex Warner 164
>> 59. ARISTOTLE, The Politics of Aristotle, translated by Ernest Barker 166
The Limits of Hellenism 167
>> 60. ALAN E. SAMUEL, The Shifting Sands of History: Interpretations
of Ptolemaic Egypt 167
The Universal Cities of the Roman Empire 168
>> 61. GREG WOOLF, Becoming Roman: The Origins of Provincial
Civilization in Gaul 169
>> 62. AELIUS ARISTIDES, To Rome 171
A Buddhist Empire in South Asia 172
>> 63. A?SOKA, Rock Edicts, rendered by Ven. S. Dhammika 172
Chapter 7 Carriers of Exchange 177
Cultural Exchange in Mesoamerica 178
>> 64. OCTAVIO PAZ, The Power of Ancient Mexican Art 179
The Orientalizing Revolution in Greece 180
>> 65. WALTER BURKERT, The Orientalizing Revolution: Near Eastern Influence
on Greek Culture in the Early Archaic Age, translated by Margaret
E. Pinder and Walter Burkert 181
Cultural Diffusion in China and Africa 182
>> 66. ELIZABETH ISICHEI, A History of African Societies to 1870 182
Contents vii
>> 67. WILLIAM WATSON, The Chinese Contribution to Eastern
Nomad Culture in the Pre-Han and Early Han Periods 184
Changing North-East African Trade Patterns 185
>> 68. The Autobiography of Harkhuf 186
>> 69. The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, translated by Lionel Casson 187
Palmyra Caravan Tariffs 188
>> 70. Palmyra Caravan Tariffs 189
Immigrants as a Cultural Force in China 190
>> 71. SIMA QIAN, Historical Records, translated by Raymond Dawson 191
The Lion Capital 192
>> 72. The A?soka Capital, Sarnath, India [Third century B.C.E.] 193
The Diffusion of Greek Art in the Ancient World 193
>> 73. JOHN BOARDMAN, The Diffusion of Classical Art in
Antiquity 194
>> 74. Greco-Buddhist art 196
Part 2 Conclusion 199
Part 3
The Transformation and Rebirth of World Systems
(c. 2001 C.E.-1000 C.E.) 203
Chapter 8 The Fall of Empires 207
Eurasian Collapse-A Continental Crisis 208
>> 75. BARRY K. GILLS, AND ANDRE GUNDER FRANK, World System Cycles,
Crises, and Hegemonic Shifts, 1700 B.C. to 1700 A.D. 209
The Sack of Rome 211
>> 76. AUGUSTINE OF HIPPO, Letter 138, to Marcellinus, translated
by Wilfrid Parsons 212
Luxuries and Decline 213
>> 77. IBN KHALDUN, The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History,
translated by F. Rosenthal 213
Ecological Collapse 215
>> 78. JARED DIAMOND, Ecological Collapses of Past Civilizations 216
The Fall of the Roman Empire 217
>> 79. A. H. M. JONES, The Decline of the Ancient World 218
The Conquest of the S (R)s (R)nian Empire 221
>> 80. MARSHALL HODGSON, The Venture of Islam: Conscience
and History in a World Civilization 222
The Fall of Teotihuacan 224
>> 81. RENE MILLON, The Last Years of Teotihuacan
Dominance 224
viii Contents
Environmental Problems: Aksum and the Maya 226
>> 82. STUART MUNRO HAY, Aksum: An African Civilization
in Late Antiquity 227
>> 83. T. PATRICK CULBERT, The Collapse of Classic Maya Civilization 228
Chapter 9 Migrations of the First Millennium 230
The Huns 232
>> 84. AMMIANUS MARCELLINUS, The Later Roman Empire,
translated by Walter Hamilton 232
The Huna in India 235
>> 85. ROMILA THAPAR, The Image of the Barbarian in Early India 235
The Angles and Saxons Come to Britain 236
>> 86. BEDE, Ecclesiastical History of the English People 236
Barbarians in Mesoamerica 237
>> 87. MICHAEL D. COE, Mexico 237
The Expansion of the Bantu 239
>> 88. CHRISTOPHER EHRET, An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern
Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 239
Challenging the Master Narrative 240
>> 89. LESTER LITTLE, Cypress Beams, Kufic Script, and Cut Stone:
Rebuilding the Master Narrative of European History 241Chapter 10 The Heirs of Empires: Rebuilding the
State System 244
Europe after Rome 246
>> 90. PATRICK J. GEARY, Before France and Germany: The Creation and
Transformation of the Merovingian World 246
The Propaganda of Lineage 248
>> 91. Liber Historiae Francorum, translated by Bernard S. Bachrach 249
The Unification of China 249
>> 92. ARTHUR F. WRIGHT, The Sui Dynasty 250
Advice to a Future Emperor 252
>> 93. Emperor Taizong on Effective Government 252
Japan and the Creation of a State 255
>> 94. KENNETH G. HENSHALL, A History of Japan: From Stone Age
to Superpower 256
>> 95. The Seventeen Article Constitution, 604 A.D. 257
Chapter 11 The Diffusion of Culture 261
Buddhism in China 262
>> 96. ERIC ZUERCHER, Buddhism: Its Origin and Spread in Words,
Maps and Pictures 263
Contents ix
>> 97. J. K. FAIRBANK AND MERLE GOLDMAN, China: A New History 264
>> 98. MOZI, The Disposition of Error 265
Two faces of Christianity 267
>> 99. BEDE, Ecclesiastical History of the English People 268
>> 100. CHARLEMAGNE, Capitulary Concerning the Regions of Saxony,
translated by P. D. King 269
New Crops in Spain 270
>> 101. THOMAS F. GLICK, Islamic and Christian Spain in the Early
Middle Ages 271
The Spread of Arabic 272
>> 102. ANWAR G. CHEJNE, The Arabic Language: Its Role in History 272
To Make or Not to Make Ceramics 274
>> 103. JAN VANSINA, How Societies Are Born: Governance in
West Central Africa before 1600 274
Part 3 Conclusion 276Part 4
The Medieval World System, 1000-1500 279
Chapter 12 Global Trade Networks 285
The Islamic World as the Hub of Eurasian Trade 287
>> 104. AL-QALQASHAND?I, Subh al-a 'sha?, translated
by Bernard Lewis 287
Rebuilding Europe: The Origins of Its Hegemony 288
>> 105. JANET L. ABU-LUGHOD, Before European Hegemony: The World
System A.D. 1250-1350 289
Eastern Africa, the Indian Ocean, and Beyond 290
>> 106. CHAPURUKHA M. KUSIMBA, The Rise and Fall of Swahili States 291
Marco Polo and the Post System in the Mongol Empire 291
>> 107. MARCO POLO AND RUSTICELLO DE PISA, The Travels of Marco Polo,
translated by Ronald Latham 292
Markets in China and India 293
>> 108. CH'OE PU, Diary: A Record of Drifting Across the Sea,
translated by John Meskill 293
>> 109. ABD-ER-RAZZ?K, Narrative of the Voyage 294
Tribute and Gift Exchange in the Americas 294
>> 110. DAVID DREW, The Lost Chronicles of the Maya Kings 295
>> 111. Records of Tribute Received by the Aztec
Capital, 1502-1520 296x Contents
Chapter 13 Exploration and Conquest 299
Vikings in North America 301
>> 112. Groelendinga Saga, translated by Magnus Magnusson
and Hermann Palsson 301
The Crusades 303
>> 113. The Chronicle of Fulcher of Chartres, Book I, translated by
Martha E. McGinty 303
The Portuguese in the Atlantic 304
>> 114. GOMES EANNES DE AZURARA, The Chronicle of the Discovery and
Conquest of Guinea, translated by Charles Raymond Beazley
and Edgar Prestage 305
The Kingdom of Songhay 306
>> 115. ROLAND OLIVER AND ANTHONY ATMORE, Medieval
Africa, 1250-1800 307
The Mongols 309
>> 116. IBN KATHIR, The Fall of Baghdad (1258), translated by
Bernard Lewis 309
>> 117. A Mongol Governor, translated by Patricia Ebrey 311
Ambassadors, Post Systems, and Lame Conquerors 312>> 118. Clavijo: Embassy to Tamerlane, 1403-1406, translated by
Guy le Strange 313
Conquest in the New World 314
>> 119. INGA CLENDINNEN, Aztecs: An Interpretation 315
>> 120. JUAN DE BETANZOS, Narrative of the Incas, translated by Roland
Hamilton and Dana Buchanan 316Chapter 14 Exchanges of Inventions, Ideas,
and Disease 319
China: Hotbed of Inventions 320
>> 121. JOSEPH NEEDHAM, Science and Civilisation in China 321
>> 122. DAVID LANDES, The Wealth and Poverty of Nations: Why
Some Are So Rich and Some So Poor 323
The Perpetual Motion Machines of India 324
>> 123. LYNN WHITE, JR., Tibet, India, and Malaya as Sources of
Western Medieval Technology 324
The Chess Queen 325
>> 124. MARILYN YALOM, Birth of the Chess Queen 326
Networks of Disease 327
>> 125. WILLIAM H. MCNEILL, Plagues and Peoples 328
Contents xi
>> 126. IBN AL-WARD?I, Risa?lah al-naba' 'an al-waba', translated by
Michael Dols 329
>> 127. GABRIELE DE' MUSSIS, Historia de Morbo, translated
by Rosemary Horrox 330
Chapter 15 Exchanges and Perceptions of the Other 333
Russia Searches for a Monotheistic Religion 334
>> 128. The Russian Primary Chronicle: Laurentian Text, translated
by S.H. Cross and O.P. Sherbowitz-Wetzor 335
Muslims and Crusaders 336
>> 129. USA?MAH IBN-MUNQIDH, Kita? b al-I'tiba? r, translated by Philip K. Hitti 337
Mali in the Fourteenth Century 338
>> 130. IBN BATTU?TA, Rihla, translated by J. F. P. Hopkins and N. Levtzion 339
The Mongols through the Eyes of Their Neighbors 340
>> 131. WILLIAM OF RUBRUCK, The Journal of Friar William of Rubruck 341
>> 132. LI CHIH-CH'ANG, The Travels of an Alchemist, translated by
Arthur Waley 342
The Old and the New World Confront Each Other 343
>> 133. DIEGO DE LANDA, Yucatan Before and After the Conquest,
translated by William Gates 344
>> 134. GORDON BROTHERSTON, Image of the New World: The American
Continent Portrayed in Native Texts 345
Part 4 Conclusion 348
Chapter 16 Transition: Bridging the Divide in World History 350
Credits 355