Principles of Public Speaking

I. Public Speaking in the World of Electronic Culture



1 Speech, Speaking, and Training in Higher Education

Studying Public Speaking

Orality in Social-Political Life

Basic Elements in the Speech-Making Process

Speaking of . . . Apprehension: First-Time Fears

Ethical Responsibilities for Speakers

Speaking of . . . Ethics: Ethics and Public Speaking

Your First Speech

Speaking of . . . Apprehension: Breath Control



2 Getting Started

Selecting and Narrowing Your Subject

Speaking of . . . Skills: Brainstorming to Generate Topics

Determining Your Purposes and Central Idea

Analyzing the Audience and Occasion

Gathering Your Speech Material

Making an Outline

Practicing Aloud

Developing Confident Delivery

Speaking of . . . Skills: Practicing Your Speech

Speaking of . . . Apprehension: State and Trait Apprehension



3 Critical Listening

Hearing and Listening

Barriers to Good Listening

Practical Listening Techniques

Speaking of . . . Skills: Good Note Taking and Active Listening

Speaking of . . . Ethics: Deliberately Misguiding Listeners

Developing Skills for Critical Listening

Listening Workshop



4 Public Speaking and Cultural Challenges

The Nature of Cultural Processes

Understanding Our Multicultural Society

Strategies for Negotiating Cultural Differences

Speaking of . . . Ethics: Adapting to Moral Codes



II. Planning and Preparing Your Speech



5 Understanding Your Audience

Analyzing Your Audience Demographically

Analyzing Your Audience Psychologically

Discovering Demographic and Psychological Factors

Speaking of . . . Skills: Handling Hostile Audiences

Using Audience Analysis in Speech Preparation

Speaking of . . . Ethics: Using Audience Analysis Ethically

A Sample Audience Analysis



6 Finding and Using Supporting Materials

Determining the Kinds of Supporting Materials You'll Need

Speaking of . . . Skills: How Much Is Enough?

Finding Supporting Materials

Speaking of . . . Ethics: What Is the Ethical Response?

Sources of Supporting Materials

Forms of Supporting Materials

Speaking of . . . Skills: Choosing Supporting Materials

Functions of Supporting Materials

A Word About Plagiarism

Speaking of . . . Skills: Citing Sources

Sample Outline for a Problem-Solution Speech: The Heartbreak of Childhood Obesity

Web Workshop



7 Organizing and Outlining Your Speech

Developing Your Speech Plan

Speech-Centered Patterns of Organization

Audience-Centered Patterns of Organization

Techniques for Creating Associative Coherence in Your Speech

Outlining Your Speech

Speaking of . . . Skills: Memory and Organization



8 Beginning and Ending Your Speech

Capturing and Holding Attention

Beginning Your Speech

Speaking of . . . Skills: How Long Should It Be?

Ending Your Speech

Sample Outline for an Introduction and Conclusion: When Just Saying "No!" Doesn't Work



III. Presenting Your Speech



9 Wording Your Speech

Using Oral Style

Speaking of . . . Skills: Oral Versus Written Style

Using Language Strategically

Creating an Atmosphere

Speaking of . . . Ethics: Doublespeak

Sample Speech: "On Accepting the Nobel Prize for Literature," by William Faulkner



10 Delivering Your Speech

Selecting the Method of Delivery

Speaking of . . . Apprehension: Impromptu Speaking

Using Your Voice to Communicate

Speaking of . . . Skills: Vocal Exercises

Using Your Body to Communicate

Speaking of . . . Online Communication



11 Using Visual Media

The Functions of Visual Media

Types of Visual Media

Speaking of . . . Skills: Using Visual Media in Business

Strategies for Selecting and Using Visual Media

Speaking of . . . Ethics: Can Pictures Lie?

Using Microsoft PowerPoint with Your Presentations



IV. Types of Public Speaking



12 Speeches to Inform

Facts, Knowledge, and the Information Age

Types of Informative Speeches

Essential Qualities of Informative Speeches

Speaking of . . . Skills: Choosing a Topic

Speaking of . . . Apprehension: Information Overload

Sample Outline for a Demonstration Speech: Power Tennis Comes with the Western Stroke

Tips for Developing Informative Speeches

Sample Outline: What's So Special About 1968?

Sample Speech: "The Geisha," by Joyce Chapman

Information vs. Persuasion



13 Speeches to Persuade

Selecting Motivational Appeals

Speaking of . . . Skills: Basic Human Needs

Speaking of . . . Ethics: Using Fear Appeals

Enhancing Your Credibility

Speaking of . . . Skills: Inoculating Audiences Against Counterpersuasion

Organizing Persuasive Speeches: The Motivated Sequence

Speaking of . . . Skills: Persuading the Diverse Audience

Sample Outline of a Persuasive Speech: Why Iowa Should Build Another Nuclear Reactor

Sample Outline of an Actuative Speech: You're Never Too Old to Learn-Virtually!



14 Argumentation and Critical Thinking

Rational Thinking and Talking: Argumentation

Evaluating Arguments

Speaking of . . . Skills: Evaluating Arguments

Sample Outline for an Argumentative Speech: The Dangers of Chewing Tobacco

Detecting Fallacies in Reasoning

Tips for Developing Argumentative Speeches

Speaking of . . . Skills: Responding to Counterarguments



15 Speaking in Community Settings

Speeches of Introduction

Sample Introduction: "Introducing a Classmate," by Randolf Brown

Speeches of Courtesy: Welcomes, Responses, Acceptances, and Toasts

Sample Speech of Courtesy: A Toast to Leo Brecker

Speeches to Entertain