
Geophysik I / Geophysics I
Springer (Publisher)
Published on 2. January 1956
Book
Hardback
VIII, 660 pages
978-3-540-02046-2 (ISBN)
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Series
Edition
Multilingual edition
Language
English
French
German
Place of publication
Heidelberg
Germany
Publishing group
Springer Berlin
Target group
Professional and scholarly
Research
Edition type
Multilingual edition
Illustrations
biography
Weight
1430 gr
ISBN-13
978-3-540-02046-2 (9783540020462)
DOI
10.1007/978-3-642-45855-2
Schweitzer Classification
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Person
Editorial board member
Content
The Rotation of the Earth.- I. The Unit of Time.- II. The Secular Acceleration of the Motions of the Sun and Moon.- III. Fluctuations of the Motion of the Moon.- IV. Seasonal Changes in the Length of the Day.- V. The Causes of the Irregular and Seasonal Variations in the Rotation.- Séismométrie.- A. Théorie linéarisée des Séismographes pendulaires.- B. Effets non linéaires.- C. Réalisation des Séismographes pendulaires.- D. Séismographes électromagnétiques.- E. Enregistreurs de Déformation séismique (Strain Seismographs).- F. Séismographes électroniques.- G. Dispositifs accessoires.- Bibliographie Générale.- Seismic Wave Transmission.- A. Deformation theory.- B. The initial conditions.- C. P and S waves and rays.- D. Seismic travel-times.- E. P and S velocity distributions.- F. Amplitude theory.- G. Applications of seismic data to the determination of properties of the Earth's deep interior.- General References.- Surface Waves and Guided Waves.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Love waves in the crust.- 3. Rayleigh waves in the crust.- 4. Lg waves.- 5. Waveguides in the upper mantle.- 6. T phase and Sofar waves in the Ocean.- 7. Explosion-generated surface waves.- L'agitation microséismique.- 1. Les différentes formes de microséismes.- 2. Théorie de l'agitation générale.- 3. Applications.- Bibliographie générale.- Seismic Prospecting.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Reflection Shooting.- 3. Seismic Refraction Measurements.- 4. Engineering and Mining Applications.- Messung elastischer Eigenschaften von Gesteinen.- A. Statische Methoden.- B. Dynamische Methoden.- C. Messung der Wellenausbreitung in Gesteinsproben.- Literatur.- Gravity and Isostasy.- I. Introduction.- General References.- II. The Absolute Measurements of Gravity.- a) Pendulum Methods S. 203. - b) Other Absolute Methods S. 205.- III. Relative Gravity Measurements.- a) Pendulum Measurement S. 206. - b) Static Methods of Measuring Gravity S. 213. - c) Gravity Networks S. 219.- IV. Reduction of Gravity Observations.- V. The Mathematical Interpretation of Gravity Anomalies.- VI. The Meaning of Gravity Anomalies.- Structure of the Earth's Crust.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Continents.- 3. Oceanic Crust.- 4. Continental Margins and Anomalous Areas.- 5. Composition of the Crust.- Forces in the Earth's Crust.- 1. The Earth's pertinent surface features.- 2. Principles of a physical explanation.- 3. Dynamics of faulting.- 4. Dynamics of folding.- 5. Physics of orogenesis.- 6. The distributions of continents and oceans.- 7. Conclusion.- Radioactivity and Age of Minerals.- A. Introduction.- B. Historical review.- C. Physical considerations.- I. Equations of radioactive decay.- II. Natural radioactive isotopes.- III. Decay schemes and decay constants.- a) Uranium and thorium S. 301. - b) The alkali metals S. 303. - c) Carbon and hydrogen S. 307.- D. Radioactivity of rocks.- I. Introduction.- II. Methods and measurement.- a) Uranium and thorium S. 310. - b) Potassium and rubidium S. 312.- III. Results.- a) Uranium and thorium in igneous rocks S. 312. - b) Sedimentary rocks S. 314. - c) Potassium and rubidium S. 316. - d) Meteoritic abundances of uranium, thorium, potassium and rubidium S. 317.- IV. Conclusion.- E. Methods of age determinations.- I. Age determinations based on the decay of uranium and thorium to helium and lead.- a) Methods for uranium minerals S. 319. - b) Methods for dating common leads S. 325. - c) The age of the earth S. 333.- II. The potassium methods.- a) Introduction S. 335. - b) History and status S. 336. - c) Experimental procedures S. 341. - d) Choice of constants S. 342. - e) Experimental results S. 343.- III. The rubidium methods.- IV. The radiocarbon and tritium methods.- V. Accessory mineral methods and rock analyses.- VI. Choice of methods.- F. Geological considerations.- I. The application of physical measurements to geological studies.- II. The ages of minerals, rocks and formations and their use in establishing a time scale.- III. Special problems of Precambrian geochronology.- a) Length of Precambrian time S. 353. - b) Proportions of metamorphic rocks and of unaltered rocks S. 354. - c) The ages of regions or geological provinces S. 354. - d) The ages of veins S. 356. - e) Continental growth S. 356. - f) Continental nuclei and Keewatin-Timiskaming rock types S.357. - g) Periodicity of mountain building S. 358. - h) Archean and Proterozoic types of rocks S. 358.- IV. Principles for establishing a Precambrian geochronology.- V. Geological time scales.- a) For Cambrian to recent time S. 361. - b) For Precambrian time S. 362.- The Earth's Interior.- A. Mechanical Properties.- a) Analysis of Seismic Data S. 365. - b) Composition of the mantle and core S.375.- B. Thermal Properties.- C. Geomagnetism and the Earth's Interior.- Electricité tellurique.- A. Introduction.- B. Bases théoriques de la distribution des courants électriques dans le sol.- C. La prospection électrique.- D. Dispositifs expérimentaux pour l'étude des courants telluriques. Perturbations diverses.- E. Résultats généraux d'expérience.- F. Relations entre variations magnétiques et telluriques.- G. Conclusion.- Bibliographie.- Magnetization of Rocks.- A. Mineralogical aspects.- B. Physical processes in the magnetization of rocks.- C. Determination of the original magnetization of rocks.- D. Survey of observational data of remanent magnetization.- E. Geophysical interpretation of results.- F. The magnetic susceptibility of rocks.- References.- The Magnetism of the Earth's Body.- A. Main field and secular variation: Observations and analysis.- B. The electrical conductivity within the earth.- C. Theories.- References.- Figur der Erde.- A. Grundbegriffe.- a) Das Geoid als Figur der Erde S. 534. - b) Bezugs- und Annäherungs-Flächen des Geoids S. 536.- B. Theorie der Geoidbestimmung.- a) Die hypothesenfreie Bestimmung der Erdfigur nach Bruns S. 541. - b) Die Potentialtheorie des Schwerefeldes. Anwendung auf die Figur der Erde S. 542.- C. Bewegung der Erdachse.- a) Polbewegung (Breitenschwankung) S. 606. - b) Präzession S. 613.- D. Neuzeitliche Probleme und Entwicklungen.- I. Tabelle der Kugelfunktionen erster Art S. 623. - II. Koeffizienten des Reliefs der Erde nach Prey S. 625. - III. Formeln S. 626. - IV. Zahlenwerte S. 632. - V. Verzeichnis häufig gebrauchter Bezeichnungen S. 637.- Literatur.- Sachverzeichnis (Deutsch-Englisch).- Subject Index (English-German).- Table des Matières (Français).