Starting Out with Java
From Control Structures through Data Structures
2nd Edition
Published on 5. July 2011
Book
Paperback/Softback
1392 pages
978-0-321-54586-2 (ISBN)
Description
Starting Out with Java: From Control Structures through Data Structures is designed to be used in a 2 or 3 semester/quarter sequence for beginning programmers. Tony Gaddis emphasizes problem-solving and program design by teaching the Java programming language through a step-by-step detailed presentation. He introduces procedural programming early and covers control structures and methods before objects. Students are engaged and have plenty of opportunity to practice using programming concepts through practical tools that include end-of-section and chapter exercises, case studies and programming projects.
More details
Edition
2nd edition
Language
English
Place of publication
United States
Publishing group
Pearson Education (US)
Target group
College/higher education
Dimensions
Height: 254 mm
Width: 203 mm
Thickness: 44 mm
Weight
2120 gr
ISBN-13
978-0-321-54586-2 (9780321545862)
Copyright in bibliographic data and cover images is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or by the publishers or by their respective licensors: all rights reserved.
Schweitzer Classification
Other editions
New editions
Book
07/2015
3rd Edition
Pearson
€160.30
Article exhausted; check for reprint
Previous edition
Book
11/2006
Pearson
€93.44
Article exhausted; check for reprint
Persons
Tony Gaddis is the principal author of the Starting Out With series of textbooks. Tony has nearly 20 years experience teaching computer science courses at Haywood Community College in North Carolina. He is a highly acclaimed instructor who was previously selected as the North Carolina Community College Teacher of the Year and has received the Teaching Excellence award from the National Institute for Staff and Organizational Development. TheStarting Out With series includes introductory books using the C++ programming language, the Java (TM) programming language, Microsoft (R) Visual Basic (R), Microsoft (R) C# (R), Python, Programming Logic and Design, and Alice, all published by the Addison-Wesley imprint of Pearson.
Godfrey Muganda is an Associate Professor of Computer Science at North Central College. He teaches a wide variety of courses at the undergraduate and graduate levels including courses in Linux and Unix programming, Windows and .NET programming, web application development, web services, data structures, and algorithms. He is a past winner of the North Central College faculty award for outstanding scholarship. His primary research interests are in the area of fuzzy sets and systems.
Godfrey Muganda is an Associate Professor of Computer Science at North Central College. He teaches a wide variety of courses at the undergraduate and graduate levels including courses in Linux and Unix programming, Windows and .NET programming, web application development, web services, data structures, and algorithms. He is a past winner of the North Central College faculty award for outstanding scholarship. His primary research interests are in the area of fuzzy sets and systems.
Content
Preface xvii
Chapter 1 Java Fundamentals 27
2.1 The Parts of a Java Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.2 The print and println Methods, and the Java API . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.3 Variables and Literals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
2.4 Primitive Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
2.5 Arithmetic Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
2.6 Combined Assignment Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
2.7 Conversion between Primitive Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
2.8 Creating Named Constants with final . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
2.9 The String Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
2.10 Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
2.11 Comments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
2.12 Programming Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
2.13 Reading Keyboard Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
2.14 Dialog Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
2.15 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Review Questions and Exercises 100
Programming Challenges 105
Chapter 2 Decision Structures 109
3.1 The if Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
3.2 The if-else Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
3.3 Nested if Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
3.4 The if-else-if Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
3.5 Logical Operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
3.6 Comparing String Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
3.7 More about Variable Declaration and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
3.8 The Conditional Operator (Optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
3.9 The switch Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
3.10 Creating Objects with the DecimalFormat Class. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
3.11 The printf Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
3.12 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Review Questions and Exercises 169
Programming Challenges 174
Chapter 3 Loops and Files 179
4.1 The Increment and Decrement Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
4.2 The while Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
4.3 Using the while Loop for Input Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
4.4 The do-while Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
4.5 The for Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
4.6 Running Totals and Sentinel Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
4.7 Nested Loops. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
4.8 The break and continue Statements (Optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
4.9 Deciding Which Loop to Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
4.10 Introduction to File Input and Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
4.11 The Random Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
4.12 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Review Questions and Exercises 236
Programming Challenges 242
Chapter 4 Methods 247
5.1 Introduction to Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
5.2 Passing Arguments to a Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
5.3 More about Local Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
5.4 Returning a Value from a Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
5.5 Problem Solving with Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
5.6 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
Review Questions and Exercises 285
Programming Challenges 289
Chapter 5 A First Look at Classes 297
6.1 Classes and Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
6.2 Instance Fields and Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
6.3 Constructors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
6.4 Overloading Methods and Constructors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
6.5 Scope of Instance Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
6.6 Packages and import Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
6.7 Focus on Object-Oriented Design: Finding the Classes
and Their Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
6.8 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352
Review Questions and Exercises 352
Programming Challenges 357
Chapter 6 A First Look at GUI Applications 363
7.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
7.2 Creating Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
7.3 Equipping GUI Classes with a main Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394
7.4 Layout Managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396
7.5 Radio Buttons and Check Boxes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412
7.6 Borders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
7.7 Focus on Problem Solving: Extending Classes from JPanel . . . . . . 426
7.8 Splash Screens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438
7.9 Using Console Output to Debug a GUI Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
7.10 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444
Review Questions and Exercises 444
Programming Challenges 448
Chapter 7 Arrays and the ArrayList Class 451
8.1 Introduction to Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451
8.2 Processing Array Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461
8.3 Passing Arrays as Arguments to Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470
8.4 Some Useful Array Algorithms and Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474
8.5 Returning Arrays from Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487
8.6 String Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489
8.7 Arrays of Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492
8.8 The Sequential Search Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495
8.9 Two-Dimensional Arrays. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498
8.10 Arrays with Three or More Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510
8.11 Command-Line Arguments and Variable-Length Argument Lists . . . 511
8.12 The ArrayList Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515
8.13 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523
Review Questions and Exercises 523
Programming Challenges 528
Chapter 8 A Second Look at Classes and Objects 533
9.1 Static Class Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533
9.2 Passing Objects as Arguments to Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540
9.3 Returning Objects from Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543
9.4 The toString Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545
9.5 Writing an equals Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549
9.6 Methods That Copy Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552
9.7 Aggregation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555
9.8 The this Reference Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568
9.9 Enumerated Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571
9.10 Garbage Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 580
9.11 Focus on Object-Oriented Design: Class Collaboration . . . . . . . . . . 582
9.12 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586
Review Questions and Exercises 587
Programming Challenges 591
Chapter 9 Text Processing and More about Wrapper Classes 597
10.1 Introduction to Wrapper Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597
10.2 Character Testing and Conversion with the Character Class. . . . . 598
10.3 More String Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606
10.4 The StringBuilder Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620
10.5 Tokenizing Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628
10.6 Wrapper Classes for the Numeric Data Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636
10.7 Focus on Problem Solving: The TestScoreReader Class. . . . . . . . 639
10.8 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643
Review Questions and Exercises 643
Programming Challenges 647
Chapter 10 Inheritance 653
11.1 What Is Inheritance? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653
11.2 Calling the Superclass Constructor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666
11.3 Overriding Superclass Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674
11.4 Protected Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683
11.5 Chains of Inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689
11.6 The Object Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695
11.7 Polymorphism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697
11.8 Abstract Classes and Abstract Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 702
11.9 Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 709
11.10 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721
Review Questions and Exercises 722
Programming Challenges 727
Chapter 11 Exceptions and Advanced File I/O 733
12.1 Handling Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733
12.2 Throwing Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755
12.3 Advanced Topics: Binary Files, Random Access Files,
and Object Serialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761
12.4 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 778
Review Questions and Exercises 778
Programming Challenges 784
Chapter 12 Advanced GUI Applications 787
13.1 The Swing and AWT Class Hierarchy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 787
13.2 Read-Only Text Fields. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 788
13.3 Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 790
13.4 Combo Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 806
13.5 Displaying Images in Labels and Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 812
13.6 Mnemonics and Tool Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 818
13.7 File Choosers and Color Choosers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 820
13.8 Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 824
13.9 More about Text Components: Text Areas and Fonts. . . . . . . . . . . . 833
13.10 Sliders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 837
13.11 Look and Feel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 842
13.12 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 844
Review Questions and Exercises 845
Programming Challenges 850
Chapter 13 Applets and More 855
14.1 Introduction to Applets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 855
14.2 A Brief Introduction to HTML. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 857
14.3 Creating Applets with Swing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 866
14.4 Using AWT for Portability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 875
14.5 Drawing Shapes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 880
14.6 Handling Mouse Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 901
14.7 Timer Objects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911
14.8 Playing Audio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915
14.9 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 920
Review Questions and Exercises 920
Programming Challenges 927
Chapter 14 Recursion 929
15.1 Introduction to Recursion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 929
15.2 Solving Problems with Recursion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 932
15.3 Examples of Recursive Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 937
15.4 The Towers of Hanoi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 943
15.5 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 947
Review Questions and Exercises 948
Programming Challenges 951
Chapter 15 Stacks and Queues 1219
21.1 Stacks and Their Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1219
21.2 Array Implementation of Stacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1222
21.3 Linked Implementation of Stacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1228
21.4 Queues and Their Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1233
21.5 Array Implementation of Queues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1233
21.6 Linked List Implementation of Queues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1244
21.7 Generic Implementation of Stacks and Queues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1249
21.8 Queues and Breadth-First Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1252
21.9 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1255
Review Questions and Exercises 1256
Programming Challenges 1258
Chapter 16 Binary Trees, AVL Trees, and Priority Queues 1261
22.1 Binary Trees and Their Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1261
22.2 Binary Search Trees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1271
22.3 AVL Trees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1288
22.4 Priority Queues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1301
22.5 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1318
Review Questions and Exercises 1318
Programming Challenges 1321
Index 1325
Chapter 1 Java Fundamentals 27
2.1 The Parts of a Java Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.2 The print and println Methods, and the Java API . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.3 Variables and Literals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
2.4 Primitive Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
2.5 Arithmetic Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
2.6 Combined Assignment Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
2.7 Conversion between Primitive Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
2.8 Creating Named Constants with final . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
2.9 The String Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
2.10 Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
2.11 Comments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
2.12 Programming Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
2.13 Reading Keyboard Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
2.14 Dialog Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
2.15 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Review Questions and Exercises 100
Programming Challenges 105
Chapter 2 Decision Structures 109
3.1 The if Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
3.2 The if-else Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
3.3 Nested if Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
3.4 The if-else-if Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
3.5 Logical Operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
3.6 Comparing String Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
3.7 More about Variable Declaration and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
3.8 The Conditional Operator (Optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
3.9 The switch Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
3.10 Creating Objects with the DecimalFormat Class. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
3.11 The printf Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
3.12 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Review Questions and Exercises 169
Programming Challenges 174
Chapter 3 Loops and Files 179
4.1 The Increment and Decrement Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
4.2 The while Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
4.3 Using the while Loop for Input Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
4.4 The do-while Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
4.5 The for Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
4.6 Running Totals and Sentinel Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
4.7 Nested Loops. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
4.8 The break and continue Statements (Optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
4.9 Deciding Which Loop to Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
4.10 Introduction to File Input and Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
4.11 The Random Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
4.12 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Review Questions and Exercises 236
Programming Challenges 242
Chapter 4 Methods 247
5.1 Introduction to Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
5.2 Passing Arguments to a Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
5.3 More about Local Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
5.4 Returning a Value from a Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
5.5 Problem Solving with Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
5.6 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
Review Questions and Exercises 285
Programming Challenges 289
Chapter 5 A First Look at Classes 297
6.1 Classes and Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
6.2 Instance Fields and Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
6.3 Constructors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
6.4 Overloading Methods and Constructors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
6.5 Scope of Instance Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
6.6 Packages and import Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
6.7 Focus on Object-Oriented Design: Finding the Classes
and Their Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
6.8 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352
Review Questions and Exercises 352
Programming Challenges 357
Chapter 6 A First Look at GUI Applications 363
7.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
7.2 Creating Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
7.3 Equipping GUI Classes with a main Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394
7.4 Layout Managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396
7.5 Radio Buttons and Check Boxes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412
7.6 Borders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
7.7 Focus on Problem Solving: Extending Classes from JPanel . . . . . . 426
7.8 Splash Screens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438
7.9 Using Console Output to Debug a GUI Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
7.10 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444
Review Questions and Exercises 444
Programming Challenges 448
Chapter 7 Arrays and the ArrayList Class 451
8.1 Introduction to Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451
8.2 Processing Array Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461
8.3 Passing Arrays as Arguments to Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470
8.4 Some Useful Array Algorithms and Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474
8.5 Returning Arrays from Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487
8.6 String Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489
8.7 Arrays of Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492
8.8 The Sequential Search Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495
8.9 Two-Dimensional Arrays. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498
8.10 Arrays with Three or More Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510
8.11 Command-Line Arguments and Variable-Length Argument Lists . . . 511
8.12 The ArrayList Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515
8.13 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523
Review Questions and Exercises 523
Programming Challenges 528
Chapter 8 A Second Look at Classes and Objects 533
9.1 Static Class Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533
9.2 Passing Objects as Arguments to Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540
9.3 Returning Objects from Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543
9.4 The toString Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545
9.5 Writing an equals Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549
9.6 Methods That Copy Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552
9.7 Aggregation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555
9.8 The this Reference Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568
9.9 Enumerated Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571
9.10 Garbage Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 580
9.11 Focus on Object-Oriented Design: Class Collaboration . . . . . . . . . . 582
9.12 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586
Review Questions and Exercises 587
Programming Challenges 591
Chapter 9 Text Processing and More about Wrapper Classes 597
10.1 Introduction to Wrapper Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597
10.2 Character Testing and Conversion with the Character Class. . . . . 598
10.3 More String Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606
10.4 The StringBuilder Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620
10.5 Tokenizing Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628
10.6 Wrapper Classes for the Numeric Data Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636
10.7 Focus on Problem Solving: The TestScoreReader Class. . . . . . . . 639
10.8 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643
Review Questions and Exercises 643
Programming Challenges 647
Chapter 10 Inheritance 653
11.1 What Is Inheritance? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653
11.2 Calling the Superclass Constructor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666
11.3 Overriding Superclass Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674
11.4 Protected Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683
11.5 Chains of Inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689
11.6 The Object Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695
11.7 Polymorphism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697
11.8 Abstract Classes and Abstract Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 702
11.9 Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 709
11.10 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721
Review Questions and Exercises 722
Programming Challenges 727
Chapter 11 Exceptions and Advanced File I/O 733
12.1 Handling Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733
12.2 Throwing Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755
12.3 Advanced Topics: Binary Files, Random Access Files,
and Object Serialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761
12.4 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 778
Review Questions and Exercises 778
Programming Challenges 784
Chapter 12 Advanced GUI Applications 787
13.1 The Swing and AWT Class Hierarchy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 787
13.2 Read-Only Text Fields. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 788
13.3 Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 790
13.4 Combo Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 806
13.5 Displaying Images in Labels and Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 812
13.6 Mnemonics and Tool Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 818
13.7 File Choosers and Color Choosers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 820
13.8 Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 824
13.9 More about Text Components: Text Areas and Fonts. . . . . . . . . . . . 833
13.10 Sliders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 837
13.11 Look and Feel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 842
13.12 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 844
Review Questions and Exercises 845
Programming Challenges 850
Chapter 13 Applets and More 855
14.1 Introduction to Applets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 855
14.2 A Brief Introduction to HTML. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 857
14.3 Creating Applets with Swing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 866
14.4 Using AWT for Portability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 875
14.5 Drawing Shapes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 880
14.6 Handling Mouse Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 901
14.7 Timer Objects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911
14.8 Playing Audio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915
14.9 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 920
Review Questions and Exercises 920
Programming Challenges 927
Chapter 14 Recursion 929
15.1 Introduction to Recursion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 929
15.2 Solving Problems with Recursion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 932
15.3 Examples of Recursive Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 937
15.4 The Towers of Hanoi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 943
15.5 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 947
Review Questions and Exercises 948
Programming Challenges 951
Chapter 15 Stacks and Queues 1219
21.1 Stacks and Their Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1219
21.2 Array Implementation of Stacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1222
21.3 Linked Implementation of Stacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1228
21.4 Queues and Their Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1233
21.5 Array Implementation of Queues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1233
21.6 Linked List Implementation of Queues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1244
21.7 Generic Implementation of Stacks and Queues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1249
21.8 Queues and Breadth-First Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1252
21.9 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1255
Review Questions and Exercises 1256
Programming Challenges 1258
Chapter 16 Binary Trees, AVL Trees, and Priority Queues 1261
22.1 Binary Trees and Their Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1261
22.2 Binary Search Trees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1271
22.3 AVL Trees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1288
22.4 Priority Queues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1301
22.5 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1318
Review Questions and Exercises 1318
Programming Challenges 1321
Index 1325