Starting Out with Java: Pearson New International Edition
From Control Structures through Data Structures
2nd Edition
Published on 1. November 2013
Book
Paperback/Softback
1168 pages
978-1-292-02725-8 (ISBN)
Description
Starting Out with Java: From Control Structures through Data Structures is designed to be used in a 2 or 3 semester/quarter sequence for beginning programmers. Tony Gaddis emphasizes problem-solving and program design by teaching the Java programming language through a step-by-step detailed presentation. He introduces procedural programming early and covers control structures and methods before objects. Students are engaged and have plenty of opportunity to practice using programming concepts through practical tools that include end-of-section and chapter exercises, case studies and programming projects.
More details
Edition
2nd edition
Language
English
Place of publication
Harlow
United Kingdom
Target group
College/higher education
Dimensions
Height: 274 mm
Width: 219 mm
Thickness: 39 mm
Weight
2314 gr
ISBN-13
978-1-292-02725-8 (9781292027258)
Copyright in bibliographic data and cover images is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or by the publishers or by their respective licensors: all rights reserved.
Schweitzer Classification
Other editions
New editions
Book
07/2015
3rd Edition
Pearson
€160.30
Article exhausted; check for reprint
Content
Preface xvii
Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers and Java 1
1.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Why Program? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.3 Computer Systems: Hardware and Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.4 Programming Languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.5 What Is a Program Made of? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.6 The Programming Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.7 Object-Oriented Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Review Questions and Exercises 21
Programming Challenges 25
Chapter 2 Java Fundamentals 27
2.1 The Parts of a Java Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.2 The print and println Methods, and the Java API . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.3 Variables and Literals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
2.4 Primitive Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
2.5 Arithmetic Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
2.6 Combined Assignment Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
2.7 Conversion between Primitive Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
2.8 Creating Named Constants with final . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
2.9 The String Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
2.10 Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
2.11 Comments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
2.12 Programming Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
2.13 Reading Keyboard Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
2.14 Dialog Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
2.15 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Review Questions and Exercises 100
Programming Challenges 105Chapter 3 Decision Structures 109
3.1 The if Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
3.2 The if-else Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
3.3 Nested if Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
3.4 The if-else-if Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
3.5 Logical Operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
3.6 Comparing String Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
3.7 More about Variable Declaration and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
3.8 The Conditional Operator (Optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
3.9 The switch Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
3.10 Creating Objects with the DecimalFormat Class. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
3.11 The printf Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
3.12 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Review Questions and Exercises 169
Programming Challenges 174
Chapter 4 Loops and Files 179
4.1 The Increment and Decrement Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
4.2 The while Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
4.3 Using the while Loop for Input Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
4.4 The do-while Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
4.5 The for Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
4.6 Running Totals and Sentinel Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
4.7 Nested Loops. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
4.8 The break and continue Statements (Optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
4.9 Deciding Which Loop to Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
4.10 Introduction to File Input and Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
4.11 The Random Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
4.12 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Review Questions and Exercises 236
Programming Challenges 242Chapter 5 Methods 247
5.1 Introduction to Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
5.2 Passing Arguments to a Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
5.3 More about Local Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
5.4 Returning a Value from a Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
5.5 Problem Solving with Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
5.6 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
Review Questions and Exercises 285
Programming Challenges 289
Chapter 6 A First Look at Classes 297
6.1 Classes and Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
6.2 Instance Fields and Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
6.3 Constructors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
6.4 Overloading Methods and Constructors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
6.5 Scope of Instance Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
6.6 Packages and import Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
6.7 Focus on Object-Oriented Design: Finding the Classes
and Their Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
6.8 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352
Review Questions and Exercises 352
Programming Challenges 357Chapter 7 A First Look at GUI Applications 363
7.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
7.2 Creating Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
7.3 Equipping GUI Classes with a main Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394
7.4 Layout Managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396
7.5 Radio Buttons and Check Boxes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412
7.6 Borders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
7.7 Focus on Problem Solving: Extending Classes from JPanel . . . . . . 426
7.8 Splash Screens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438
7.9 Using Console Output to Debug a GUI Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
7.10 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444
Review Questions and Exercises 444
Programming Challenges 448
Chapter 8 Arrays and the ArrayList Class 451
8.1 Introduction to Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451
8.2 Processing Array Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461
8.3 Passing Arrays as Arguments to Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470
8.4 Some Useful Array Algorithms and Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474
8.5 Returning Arrays from Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487
8.6 String Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489
8.7 Arrays of Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492
8.8 The Sequential Search Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495
8.9 Two-Dimensional Arrays. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498
8.10 Arrays with Three or More Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510
8.11 Command-Line Arguments and Variable-Length Argument Lists . . . 511
8.12 The ArrayList Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515
8.13 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523
Review Questions and Exercises 523
Programming Challenges 528Chapter 9 A Second Look at Classes and Objects 533
9.1 Static Class Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533
9.2 Passing Objects as Arguments to Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540
9.3 Returning Objects from Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543
9.4 The toString Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545
9.5 Writing an equals Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549
9.6 Methods That Copy Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552
9.7 Aggregation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555
9.8 The this Reference Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568
9.9 Enumerated Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571
9.10 Garbage Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 580
9.11 Focus on Object-Oriented Design: Class Collaboration . . . . . . . . . . 582
9.12 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586
Review Questions and Exercises 587
Programming Challenges 591
Chapter 10 Text Processing and More about Wrapper Classes 597
10.1 Introduction to Wrapper Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597
10.2 Character Testing and Conversion with the Character Class. . . . . 598
10.3 More String Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606
10.4 The StringBuilder Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620
10.5 Tokenizing Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628
10.6 Wrapper Classes for the Numeric Data Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636
10.7 Focus on Problem Solving: The TestScoreReader Class. . . . . . . . 639
10.8 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643
Review Questions and Exercises 643
Programming Challenges 647Chapter 11 Inheritance 653
11.1 What Is Inheritance? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653
11.2 Calling the Superclass Constructor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666
11.3 Overriding Superclass Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674
11.4 Protected Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683
11.5 Chains of Inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689
11.6 The Object Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695
11.7 Polymorphism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697
11.8 Abstract Classes and Abstract Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 702
11.9 Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 709
11.10 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721
Review Questions and Exercises 722
Programming Challenges 727
Chapter 12 Exceptions and Advanced File I/O 733
12.1 Handling Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733
12.2 Throwing Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755
12.3 Advanced Topics: Binary Files, Random Access Files,
and Object Serialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761
12.4 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 778
Review Questions and Exercises 778
Programming Challenges 784Chapter 13 Advanced GUI Applications 787
13.1 The Swing and AWT Class Hierarchy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 787
13.2 Read-Only Text Fields. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 788
13.3 Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 790
13.4 Combo Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 806
13.5 Displaying Images in Labels and Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 812
13.6 Mnemonics and Tool Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 818
13.7 File Choosers and Color Choosers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 820
13.8 Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 824
13.9 More about Text Components: Text Areas and Fonts. . . . . . . . . . . . 833
13.10 Sliders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 837
13.11 Look and Feel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 842
13.12 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 844
Review Questions and Exercises 845
Programming Challenges 850
Chapter 14 Applets and More 855
14.1 Introduction to Applets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 855
14.2 A Brief Introduction to HTML. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 857
14.3 Creating Applets with Swing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 866
14.4 Using AWT for Portability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 875
14.5 Drawing Shapes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 880
14.6 Handling Mouse Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 901
14.7 Timer Objects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911
14.8 Playing Audio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915
14.9 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 920
Review Questions and Exercises 920
Programming Challenges 927Chapter 15 Recursion 929
15.1 Introduction to Recursion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 929
15.2 Solving Problems with Recursion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 932
15.3 Examples of Recursive Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 937
15.4 The Towers of Hanoi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 943
15.5 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 947
Review Questions and Exercises 948
Programming Challenges 951
Chapter 16 Sorting, Searching, and Algorithm Analysis 953
16.1 Introduction to Sorting Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 953
16.2 Introduction to Search Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 978
16.3 Analysis of Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 989
16.4 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 998
Review Questions and Exercises 999
Programming Challenges 1002Chapter 17 Generics 1005
17.1 Introduction to Generics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1005
17.2 Writing a Generic Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1008
17.3 Passing Objects of a Generic Class to a Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1016
17.4 Writing Generic Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1022
17.5 Constraining a Type Parameter in a Generic Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1023
17.6 Inheritance and Generic Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1026
17.7 Defining Multiple Type Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1030
17.8 Generics and Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1033
17.9 Erasure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1039
17.10 Restrictions on the Use of Generic Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1042
17.11 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1044
Review Questions and Exercises 1045
Programming Challenges 1048
Chapter 18 Collections 1051
18.1 Introduction to the Java Collections Framework. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1051
18.2 Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1057
18.3 Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1077
18.4 Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1094
18.5 The Collections Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1109
18.6 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1112
Review Questions and Exercises 1113
Programming Challenges 1117Chapter 19 Array-Based Lists 1119
19.1 Introduction to Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1119
19.2 Creating an Array-Based List to Hold String Objects . . . . . . . . . . 1120
19.3 Creating a Generic Array-Based List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1141
19.4 Writing Iterator Classes and Iterable Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1156
Review Questions and Exercises 1164
Programming Challenges 1166
Chapter 20 Linked Lists 1169
20.1 Introduction to Linked Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1169
20.2 Operations on Linked Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1176
20.3 Doubly-Linked and Circularly-Linked Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1188
20.4 Recursion on Linked Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1197
20.5 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1212
Review Questions and Exercises 1212
Programming Challenges 1215Chapter 21 Stacks and Queues 1219
21.1 Stacks and Their Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1219
21.2 Array Implementation of Stacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1222
21.3 Linked Implementation of Stacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1228
21.4 Queues and Their Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1233
21.5 Array Implementation of Queues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1233
21.6 Linked List Implementation of Queues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1244
21.7 Generic Implementation of Stacks and Queues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1249
21.8 Queues and Breadth-First Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1252
21.9 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1255
Review Questions and Exercises 1256
Programming Challenges 1258
Chapter 22 Binary Trees, AVL Trees, and Priority Queues 1261
22.1 Binary Trees and Their Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1261
22.2 Binary Search Trees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1271
22.3 AVL Trees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1288
22.4 Priority Queues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1301
22.5 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1318
Review Questions and Exercises 1318
Programming Challenges 1321Index 1325
Appendix A: ASCII/Unicode Characters
Appendix B: Operator Precedence and Associativity
Appendix C: Java Key Words
Appendix D: Installing the JDK and JDK Documentation
Appendix E: Using the javadoc Utility
Appendix F: More about the math Class
Appendix G: Packages
Appendix H: Working with Records and Random Access Files
Appendix I: More about JOptionPane Dialog Boxes
Appendix J: Answers to Checkpoints
Appendix K: Answers to Odd-Numbered Review Questions
Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers and Java 1
1.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Why Program? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.3 Computer Systems: Hardware and Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.4 Programming Languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.5 What Is a Program Made of? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.6 The Programming Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.7 Object-Oriented Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Review Questions and Exercises 21
Programming Challenges 25
Chapter 2 Java Fundamentals 27
2.1 The Parts of a Java Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.2 The print and println Methods, and the Java API . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.3 Variables and Literals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
2.4 Primitive Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
2.5 Arithmetic Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
2.6 Combined Assignment Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
2.7 Conversion between Primitive Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
2.8 Creating Named Constants with final . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
2.9 The String Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
2.10 Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
2.11 Comments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
2.12 Programming Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
2.13 Reading Keyboard Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
2.14 Dialog Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
2.15 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Review Questions and Exercises 100
Programming Challenges 105Chapter 3 Decision Structures 109
3.1 The if Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
3.2 The if-else Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
3.3 Nested if Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
3.4 The if-else-if Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
3.5 Logical Operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
3.6 Comparing String Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
3.7 More about Variable Declaration and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
3.8 The Conditional Operator (Optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
3.9 The switch Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
3.10 Creating Objects with the DecimalFormat Class. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
3.11 The printf Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
3.12 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Review Questions and Exercises 169
Programming Challenges 174
Chapter 4 Loops and Files 179
4.1 The Increment and Decrement Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
4.2 The while Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
4.3 Using the while Loop for Input Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
4.4 The do-while Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
4.5 The for Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
4.6 Running Totals and Sentinel Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
4.7 Nested Loops. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
4.8 The break and continue Statements (Optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
4.9 Deciding Which Loop to Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
4.10 Introduction to File Input and Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
4.11 The Random Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
4.12 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Review Questions and Exercises 236
Programming Challenges 242Chapter 5 Methods 247
5.1 Introduction to Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
5.2 Passing Arguments to a Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
5.3 More about Local Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
5.4 Returning a Value from a Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
5.5 Problem Solving with Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
5.6 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
Review Questions and Exercises 285
Programming Challenges 289
Chapter 6 A First Look at Classes 297
6.1 Classes and Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
6.2 Instance Fields and Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
6.3 Constructors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
6.4 Overloading Methods and Constructors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
6.5 Scope of Instance Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
6.6 Packages and import Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
6.7 Focus on Object-Oriented Design: Finding the Classes
and Their Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
6.8 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352
Review Questions and Exercises 352
Programming Challenges 357Chapter 7 A First Look at GUI Applications 363
7.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
7.2 Creating Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
7.3 Equipping GUI Classes with a main Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394
7.4 Layout Managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396
7.5 Radio Buttons and Check Boxes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412
7.6 Borders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
7.7 Focus on Problem Solving: Extending Classes from JPanel . . . . . . 426
7.8 Splash Screens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438
7.9 Using Console Output to Debug a GUI Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
7.10 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444
Review Questions and Exercises 444
Programming Challenges 448
Chapter 8 Arrays and the ArrayList Class 451
8.1 Introduction to Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451
8.2 Processing Array Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461
8.3 Passing Arrays as Arguments to Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470
8.4 Some Useful Array Algorithms and Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474
8.5 Returning Arrays from Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487
8.6 String Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489
8.7 Arrays of Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492
8.8 The Sequential Search Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495
8.9 Two-Dimensional Arrays. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498
8.10 Arrays with Three or More Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510
8.11 Command-Line Arguments and Variable-Length Argument Lists . . . 511
8.12 The ArrayList Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515
8.13 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523
Review Questions and Exercises 523
Programming Challenges 528Chapter 9 A Second Look at Classes and Objects 533
9.1 Static Class Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533
9.2 Passing Objects as Arguments to Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540
9.3 Returning Objects from Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543
9.4 The toString Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545
9.5 Writing an equals Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549
9.6 Methods That Copy Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552
9.7 Aggregation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555
9.8 The this Reference Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568
9.9 Enumerated Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571
9.10 Garbage Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 580
9.11 Focus on Object-Oriented Design: Class Collaboration . . . . . . . . . . 582
9.12 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586
Review Questions and Exercises 587
Programming Challenges 591
Chapter 10 Text Processing and More about Wrapper Classes 597
10.1 Introduction to Wrapper Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597
10.2 Character Testing and Conversion with the Character Class. . . . . 598
10.3 More String Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606
10.4 The StringBuilder Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620
10.5 Tokenizing Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628
10.6 Wrapper Classes for the Numeric Data Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636
10.7 Focus on Problem Solving: The TestScoreReader Class. . . . . . . . 639
10.8 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643
Review Questions and Exercises 643
Programming Challenges 647Chapter 11 Inheritance 653
11.1 What Is Inheritance? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653
11.2 Calling the Superclass Constructor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666
11.3 Overriding Superclass Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674
11.4 Protected Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683
11.5 Chains of Inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689
11.6 The Object Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695
11.7 Polymorphism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697
11.8 Abstract Classes and Abstract Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 702
11.9 Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 709
11.10 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721
Review Questions and Exercises 722
Programming Challenges 727
Chapter 12 Exceptions and Advanced File I/O 733
12.1 Handling Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733
12.2 Throwing Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755
12.3 Advanced Topics: Binary Files, Random Access Files,
and Object Serialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761
12.4 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 778
Review Questions and Exercises 778
Programming Challenges 784Chapter 13 Advanced GUI Applications 787
13.1 The Swing and AWT Class Hierarchy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 787
13.2 Read-Only Text Fields. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 788
13.3 Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 790
13.4 Combo Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 806
13.5 Displaying Images in Labels and Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 812
13.6 Mnemonics and Tool Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 818
13.7 File Choosers and Color Choosers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 820
13.8 Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 824
13.9 More about Text Components: Text Areas and Fonts. . . . . . . . . . . . 833
13.10 Sliders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 837
13.11 Look and Feel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 842
13.12 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 844
Review Questions and Exercises 845
Programming Challenges 850
Chapter 14 Applets and More 855
14.1 Introduction to Applets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 855
14.2 A Brief Introduction to HTML. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 857
14.3 Creating Applets with Swing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 866
14.4 Using AWT for Portability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 875
14.5 Drawing Shapes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 880
14.6 Handling Mouse Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 901
14.7 Timer Objects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911
14.8 Playing Audio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915
14.9 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 920
Review Questions and Exercises 920
Programming Challenges 927Chapter 15 Recursion 929
15.1 Introduction to Recursion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 929
15.2 Solving Problems with Recursion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 932
15.3 Examples of Recursive Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 937
15.4 The Towers of Hanoi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 943
15.5 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 947
Review Questions and Exercises 948
Programming Challenges 951
Chapter 16 Sorting, Searching, and Algorithm Analysis 953
16.1 Introduction to Sorting Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 953
16.2 Introduction to Search Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 978
16.3 Analysis of Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 989
16.4 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 998
Review Questions and Exercises 999
Programming Challenges 1002Chapter 17 Generics 1005
17.1 Introduction to Generics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1005
17.2 Writing a Generic Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1008
17.3 Passing Objects of a Generic Class to a Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1016
17.4 Writing Generic Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1022
17.5 Constraining a Type Parameter in a Generic Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1023
17.6 Inheritance and Generic Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1026
17.7 Defining Multiple Type Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1030
17.8 Generics and Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1033
17.9 Erasure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1039
17.10 Restrictions on the Use of Generic Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1042
17.11 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1044
Review Questions and Exercises 1045
Programming Challenges 1048
Chapter 18 Collections 1051
18.1 Introduction to the Java Collections Framework. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1051
18.2 Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1057
18.3 Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1077
18.4 Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1094
18.5 The Collections Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1109
18.6 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1112
Review Questions and Exercises 1113
Programming Challenges 1117Chapter 19 Array-Based Lists 1119
19.1 Introduction to Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1119
19.2 Creating an Array-Based List to Hold String Objects . . . . . . . . . . 1120
19.3 Creating a Generic Array-Based List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1141
19.4 Writing Iterator Classes and Iterable Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1156
Review Questions and Exercises 1164
Programming Challenges 1166
Chapter 20 Linked Lists 1169
20.1 Introduction to Linked Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1169
20.2 Operations on Linked Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1176
20.3 Doubly-Linked and Circularly-Linked Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1188
20.4 Recursion on Linked Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1197
20.5 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1212
Review Questions and Exercises 1212
Programming Challenges 1215Chapter 21 Stacks and Queues 1219
21.1 Stacks and Their Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1219
21.2 Array Implementation of Stacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1222
21.3 Linked Implementation of Stacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1228
21.4 Queues and Their Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1233
21.5 Array Implementation of Queues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1233
21.6 Linked List Implementation of Queues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1244
21.7 Generic Implementation of Stacks and Queues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1249
21.8 Queues and Breadth-First Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1252
21.9 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1255
Review Questions and Exercises 1256
Programming Challenges 1258
Chapter 22 Binary Trees, AVL Trees, and Priority Queues 1261
22.1 Binary Trees and Their Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1261
22.2 Binary Search Trees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1271
22.3 AVL Trees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1288
22.4 Priority Queues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1301
22.5 Common Errors to Avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1318
Review Questions and Exercises 1318
Programming Challenges 1321Index 1325
Appendix A: ASCII/Unicode Characters
Appendix B: Operator Precedence and Associativity
Appendix C: Java Key Words
Appendix D: Installing the JDK and JDK Documentation
Appendix E: Using the javadoc Utility
Appendix F: More about the math Class
Appendix G: Packages
Appendix H: Working with Records and Random Access Files
Appendix I: More about JOptionPane Dialog Boxes
Appendix J: Answers to Checkpoints
Appendix K: Answers to Odd-Numbered Review Questions