A Level Biology for OCR A Student Book

Module 1 Development of practical skills in Biology
Module 2 Foundations in Biology
Chapter 2
2.1: Microscopy
2.2: Magnification and calibration
2.3: More microscopy
2.4: Eukaryotic cell structure
2.5: The ultrastructure of plant cells
2.6: Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Chapter 2 Practice questions
Chapter 3 Biological Molecules
3.1: Biological elements
3.2: Water
3.3: Carbohydrates
3.4: Testing for carbohydrates
3.5: Lipids
3.6: Structure of proteins
3.7: Types of proteins
3.8: Nucleic acids
3.9: DNA replication and the genetic code
3.10: Protein synthesis
3.11: ATP
Chapter 3 Practice questions
Chapter 4 Enzymes
4.1: Enzyme action
4.2: Factors affecting enzyme activity
4.3: Enzyme inhibitors
4.4: Cofactors, coenqymes, and prosthetic groups
Chapter 4 Practice questions
Chapter 5 Plasma membranes
5.1: The structure and function of membranes
5.2: Factors affecting membrane structure
5.3: Diffusion
5.4: Active transport
5.5: Osmosis
Chapter 5 Practice questions
Chapter 6 Cell division
6.1: The cell cycle
6.2: Mitosis
6.3: Meiosis
6.4: The organisation and specialisation of cells
6.5: Stem cells
Chapter 6 Practice questions
Module 2 summary
Module 2 practice questions
Module 3 Exchange and transport
Module 3 Introduction
Chapter 7 Exchange surfaces and breathing
7.1: Specialised exchange surfaces
7.2: The mammalian gaseous exchange system
7.3: Measuring the process
7.4: Ventilation and gas exchange inother organisms
Chapter 7 Practice questions
Chapter 8 Transport in animals
8.1: Transport systems in multicellular animals
8.2: Blood vessels
8.3: Blood, tissue fluid, and lymph
8.4: Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood
8.5: The heart
Chapter 8 Practice questions
Chapter 9 Transport in plants
9.1: Transport systems in dicotyledonous plants
9.2: Water transport in multicellular plants
9.3: Transpiration
9.4: Translocation
9.5: Plant adaptations to water availability
Chapter 9 Practice questions
Module 3 summary
Module 3 practice questions
Module 4 Biodiversity, evolution and disease
Module 4 introduction
Chapter 10 Classification and evolution
10.1: Classification
10.2: The five kingdoms
10.3: Phylogeny
10.4: Evidence for evolution
10.5: Types of variation
10.6: Representing variation graphically
10.7: Adaptations
10.8: Changing population characteristics
Chapter 10 practice questions
Chapter 11 Biodiversity
11.1: Biodiversity
11.2: Types of sampling
11.3: Sampling techniques
11.4: Calculating biodiversity
11.5: Calculating genetic biodiversity
11.5: Factors affecting biodiversity
11.7: Reasons for maintaining biodiversity
11.8: Methods of maintaining biodiversity
Chapter 11 practice questions
Chapter 12 Communicable diseases
12.1: Animal and plant pathogens
12.2: Animal and plant diseases
12.3: The transmission of communicable diseases
12.4: Plant defences against pathogens
12.5: Non-specific animal defences against pathogens
12.6: The specific immune system
12.7: Preventing and treating disease
Chapter 12 practice questions
Module 4 summary
Module 4 practice questions
Module 5 Communication, homeostasis, and energy
Chapter 13 Neuronal communication
Chapter 13 Neuronal communication
13.1: Coordination
13.2: Neurones
13.3: Sensory receptors
13.4: Nervous transmission
13.5: Synapses
13.6: Organisation of the nervous system
13.7: Structure and function of the brain
13.8: Reflexes
13.9: Voluntary and involuntary muscles
13.10: Sliding filament model
Chapter 13 Practice questions
Chapter 14 Hormonal communication
14.1: Hormonal communication
14.2: Structure and function of the pancreas
14.3: Regulation of blood glucose concentration
14.4: Diabetes and its control
14.5: Coordinated responses
14.6: Controlling heart rate
Chapter 14 Practice questions
Chapter 15 Homeostasis
15.1: The principles of homeostasis
15.2: Thermoregulation in ectotherms
15.3: Thermoregulation in endotherms
15.4: Excretion, homeostasis, and the liver
15.5: The structure and function of the mammalian kidney
15.6: The kidney and osmoregulation
15.7: Urine and diagnosis
15.8: Kidney failure
Chapter 15 Practice questions
Chapter 16 Plant responses
16.1: Plant hormones and growth in platns
16.2: Plant responses to abiotic stress
16.3: Plant response to herbivory
16.4: Tropisms in plants
16.5: The commercial use of plant hormones
Chapter 16 Practice questions
Chapter 17 Energy for biological processes
17.1: Energy cycles
17.2: ATP synthesis
17.3: Photosynthesis
17.4: Factors affecting photosynthesis
Chapter 17 Practice questions
Chapter 18 Respiration
18.1: Glycolysis
18.2: Linking glycolysis and the Krebs cycle
18.3: The Kreb cycle
18.4: Oxidative phosphorylation
18.5: Aerobic respiration
18.6: Respiratory substrates
Chapter 18 Practice questions
Module 5 summary
Module 5 questions
Module 6 Genetics, evolution, and ecosystems
Chapter 19 Genetics of living systems
19.1: Mutations and variation
19.2: Control of gene expression
19.3: Body plans
Chapter 19 Practice questions
Chapter 20 Patterns of inheritance and variation
20.1: Variation and inheritance
20.2: Monogenic inheritance
20.3: Dihybrid inheritance
20.4: Phenotypic ratios
20.5: Evolution
20.6: Speciation and artifical selection
Chapter 20 Practice questions
Chapter 21 Manipulating genomes
21.1: DNA profiling
21.2: DNA sequencing and analysis
21.3: Using DNA sequencing
21.4: Genetic engineering
21.5: Gene technology and ethics
Chapter 21 Practice questions
Chapter 22 Cloing and biotechnology
22.1: Natural cloning in plants
22.2: Artificial cloning in plants
21.4: Cloning in animals
22.4: Microorganisms and biotechnology
22.5: Microorganisms, medicines, and bioremediation
22.6: Culturing microorganisms in the laboratory
22.7: Culturing microorganisms on an industrial scale
22.8: Using immobilised enzymes
Chapter 22 Practice questions
Chapter 23 Ecosystems
23.1: Ecosystems
23.2: Biomass transfer through an ecosystem
23.3: Recycling within ecosystems
23.4: Succession
23.5: Measuring the distribution and abundance of organisms
Chapter 23 Practice questions
Chapter 24 Populations and sustainability
24.1: Population size
24.2: Competition
24.3: PredatorDSprey relationships
24.4: Conservation and preservation
24.5: Sustainability
24.6: Ecosystem management DS Masai mara
24.7: Ecosystem management DS Terai region of Nepal
24.8: Ecosystem management DS Peat bogs
24.9: Environmentally sensitive ecosystems
Chapter 24 Practice questions
Module 6 summary
Module 6 questions