Physics of Functional Materials

Preface 1 Structures of Melts and Solids 1.1 Introduction 1.2 X-ray Analysis 1.3 The Hard Sphere Model of Atoms 1.4 Crystal Structure 1.5 Crystal Structures of Solid Metals 1.6 Crystal Defects in Pure Metals 1.7 Structures of Alloy Melts and Solids Summary Exercises 2 Theory of Atoms and Molecules 2.1 Introduction 2.2 The Bohr Model of Atomic Structure 2.3 The Quantum Mechanical Model of Atomic Structure 2.4 Solution of the Schrödinger Equation for Atoms 2.5 Quantum Mechanics and Probability. Selection Rules 2.6 The Quantum Mechanical Model of Molecular Structure 2.7 Diatomic Molecules 2.8 Polyatomic Molecules Summary Exercises 3 Theory of Solids 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Bonds in Molecules and Solids. Some Definitions 3.3 Bonds in Molecules and Non-Metallic Solids 3.4 Metallic Bonds 3.5 Band Theory of Solids 3.6 Elastic Vibrations in Solids 3.7 Influence of Lattice Defects on Electronic Structures in Crystals Summary Exercises 4 Properties of Gases 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Kinetic Theory of Gases 4.3 Energy Distribution in Particle Systems. Maxwell-Boltzmann´s Distribution Law 4.4 Gas Laws 4.5 Heat Capacity 4.6 Mean Free Path 4.7 Viscosity 4.8 Thermal Conduction 4.9 Diffusion 4.10 Molecular Sizes 4.11 Properties of Gas Mixtures 4.12 Plasma - The Fourth State of Matter Summary Exercises 5 Transformation Kinetics. Diffusion in Solids 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Thermodynamics 5.3 Transformation Kinetics 5.4 Reaction Rates 5.5 Kinetics of Homogeneous Reactions in Gases 5.6 Diffusion in Solids Summary Exercises 6 Mechanical, Thermal and Magnetic Properties of Solids 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Total Energy of Metallic Crystals 6.3 Elasticity and Compressibility 6.4 Expansion 6.5 Heat Capacity 6.6 Magnetism Summary Exercises 7 Transport Properties of Solids. Optical Properties of Solids 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Thermal Conduction 7.3 Electrical Conduction 7.4 Metallic Conductors 7.5 Insulators 7.6 Semiconductors 7.7 Optical Properties Summary Exercises 8 Properties of Liquids and Melts 8.1 Introduction 8.2 X-ray Spectra of Liquids and Melts 8.3 Models of Pure Liquids and Melts 8.4 Melting Points of Solid Metals 8.5 Density and Volume 8.6 Thermal Expansion 8.7 Heat Capacity 8.8 Transport Properties of Liquids 8.9 Diffusion 8.10 Viscosity 8.11 Thermal Conduction 8.12 Electrical Conduction Summary Exercises Answers to Exercises Further Reading Index