Classify, Exclude, Police

Series Editors' Preface viii Acknowledgements ix Classify, Exclude, Police 1 Part I Governing Colonial Urban Space 21 1 Classifying and Excluding Migrants 25 Race and Urban Space 28 Differentiating Urbans from Migrants in South Africa 33 Stabilisation Policies and Urban Residential Rights 34 Reinterpreting the Riots in Sharpeville and Langa 38 Differentiating Natives from Non-Natives in Nigeria 45 The Birth of Territorial Enclaves: Non-Native Neighbourhoods 46 Regionalism and Decolonisation 49 The Kano Riots 52 Conclusion 54 Notes 58 2 The Making of a Delinquent 63 Rise of Urban Poverty and Delinquency Issues 66 Between Psychometric Expertise and Penal Reform in South Africa 68 The Empire's First Social Services in Lagos 71 Race, Gender and Welfare 73 From Preference to Racial Differentiation in South Africa 74 Juvenile Prostitution and the Construction of a Moral Space in Nigeria 77 A Coercive Incomplete Welfare State 81 From Financial Indigence to Flogging in Urban Nigeria 83 Violent Socialisation of Urban Youth in South African Institutions 85 Conclusion 88 Notes 90 Part II Policing the Neighbourhood 95 3 Vigilantism and Violence Under Colonialism and Apartheid 103 Policing in a Colonial Situation: Historiographical Detours 104 Violence and Vigilantism in South African Townships 107 Violence and the Making of Township Communities in the Cape Flats 111 Violence and Vigilantism in South-West Nigeria 117 Honour and Violence in the Centre of Ibadan 120 Conclusion 123 Notes 125 4 Commodification, Politicisation and Uneven Pacification of Contemporary Vigilantism 129 State Regulation and Commodification in Nigeria 133 Commodifying Protection and Regulating Vigilante Violence in Ibadan 135 Return to Democracy and Uneven Pacification of Vigilantism 139 Politicisation, Bureaucratisation and Feminisation of Vigilantism in the Cape Flats 142 Politicisation of Security Initiatives 145 Limited Pacification and Bureaucratisation of Vigilantism 147 Feminisation of Vigilantism 153 Conclusion 157 Notes 159 Part III Politics of the Street, Politics in the Office 165 5 Patronage, Taxation and the Politicisation of Urban Space 171 Patronage and Urban Projects 174 The Amala Politics in Ibadan 176 The Metropolitan Project in Lagos 180 Revenues, Violence and Politicisation in Motor Parks 184 Extorting Money or Levying Taxes? 186 Governing Transport Between Patronage and Bureaucracy 190 Violence, Loyalty and Politicisation in Motor Parks 194 Conclusion 198 Notes 200 6 Bureaucrats, Indigenes and a New Urban Politics of Exclusion 203 Institutionalising Exclusion, Manufacturing New Urban Belonging 207 Producing Certificates, Identifying Urban Ancestry 215 Indigeneity, Segregation and Patronage 223 Conclusion 229 Notes 230 Conclusion: The Urban Legacy of Exclusion, Policing and Violence 233 References 243 Appendix 1: Dictionary 273 Index 279