The Dynamics of Drug Abuse
Published on 12. January 1996
Book
Paperback/Softback
480 pages
978-0-205-13967-5 (ISBN)
Description
Content that extends far beyond the biological effects of drugs sets this text apart from its competitors. Social and legal aspects of drug abuse are covered as well as psychological, biological, and behavioral aspects. Other topics covered include vulnerability to drug use, consequences of drug use, theories of addiction, treatments for drug use, legal issues, drug policies, relationship to criminal behavior, and adult children of alcoholics. This comprehensive and up-to-date book demonstrates how drug abuse permeates every segment of society, including the work environment. Using an interdisciplinary approach, the authors effectively translate, synthesize and present highly technical and sophisticated material on a level students can easily understand without a technical science background.
More details
Language
English
Place of publication
United States
Publishing group
Pearson Education (US)
Target group
Professional and scholarly
Dimensions
Height: 234 mm
Width: 190 mm
Thickness: 16 mm
Weight
684 gr
ISBN-13
978-0-205-13967-5 (9780205139675)
Copyright in bibliographic data and cover images is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or by the publishers or by their respective licensors: all rights reserved.
Content
Each chapter concludes with "Summary."
1. Drug Abuse: Social Contexts and Individual Consequences.
The Extent of Drug Abuse in America.
The Prevalence and Social Experience of Drug Abuse.
Integrating Social and Medical Perspectives of Drug Abuse.
2. History of Drug Abuse and Legislation.
Before Drug Regulation.
Drug Use and Levels of Addiction Before Drug Regulation.
Racism and Drug Laws.
The Chinese and Opium SmokingBlacks and CocaineMarijuana, Blacks and Mexicans.
The Pure Food and Drug Act.
The Harrison Act.
The U.S. Narcotics Bureau and the Legacy of Harry J. Anslinger.
Anslinger and the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937.
Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970.
Comprehensive Crime Control Act 0f 1984.
Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986.
Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988.
3. Brain Function and Chemistry.
Basic Anatomy of the Nervous System.
BrainstemLimbic SystemCortex.
Basic Brain Chemistry.
Endocrinology: The Body's Chemical Network.
The Role of Learning.
Neurotransmitters and Neuropeptides.
Synaptic Transmission Characteristics of Transmitters Opiate Transmitters.
4. Pharmacology.
Methods to Administer Drugs.
Oral Administration Injection Inhalation.
Drug Distribution.
Blood-Brain Barrier Placental Barrier.
Drug Action.
Deactivation and Elimination.
Drug Dependence.
Tolerance Withdrawal
Drug Interactions and Effects.
Dose-Response Relationship.
Placebo Effects.
Other Factors Influencing Drug Effects.
Drug, Set and Setting.
Drug Use, Abuse and Addiction.
5. Theories of Addiction.
Theoretical Perspective.
Biological Theories of Addiction.
Inherent Reward Value of Abusable Drugs Genetic Influences Biological Systems.
Psychological Theories.
Psychological Predispositions.
Sociological Theories.
Anomie Theory Strain Theory Control Theory Labeling Theory Subculture Theory Social Learning Theory Morality and Values.
Integrating Theories: The Diathesis-Stress Model.
6. Alcohol.
The Extent of Alcohol Use in the United States.
How the Body Responds to Alcohol.
Varied Effects and Influences Alcohol's Effect on the Body.
Psychoactive Effects.
Tolerance, Dependence, and Withdrawal.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.
Development and Diagnosis of the Alcoholic.
Vulnerability to Alcohol Use and Dependence.
Biochemical Mechanisms Genetic Aspects of Alcohol Addiction Antisocial Personality and Alcohol Abuse Childhood Hyperactivity and Alcohol Abuse.
Aggressive and Criminal Behavior.
Alcoholism and The Family.
The Dysfunctional Family Codependency.
Treatment of Alcoholism.
Pharmacological Strategies Detoxification Psychotherapeutic and Behavioral Treatments Alcoholics Anonymous.
Summary.
7. Heroin and Other Opiates.
Prevalence of Heroin Use in the United States.
Classification of Opiates.
Physiology and Metabolism of Opiates.
Natural Opiates in the Brain.
Methods of Administration.
Medical Uses of Opiates.
Addictive Properties of Opiates.
Tolerance Physical Dependence Psychological Dependence Long Term Opiate Addiction Toxic Effects of Opiate Use.
Opiate Use, Psychopathology and Criminal Behavior.
Injectable Drug Use and AIDS.
Preventing the Spread of AIDS AIDS in Prison.
Treatment of Opiate Addiction.
Opiate Antagonists Methadone Treatment Buprenorphine Treatment Clonidine Treatment Therapeutic Communities Drug Treatment and Crime.
Summary.
8. Stimulants - Cocaine.
Types of Cocaine.
Prevalence of Use.
Routes of Administration and Elimination.
Active Properties of Cocaine.
Neurobiological and Psychoactive Properties.
Tolerance, Dependence and Withdrawal.
Medical Complications.
Fetal Cocaine Syndrome.
Vulnerability to Cocaine Abuse.
Lifestyles of the Crack Addict: Prostitution and Violence.
Treatment.
Pharmacological Treatments Psychotherapeutic and Behavioral Treatments.
Summary
9. Stimulants - Amphetamines.
Extent of Use of Amphetamines.
Characteristics.
Physiology and Metabolism Pharmacological Aspects Tolerance, Dependence and Withdrawal.
Medical Uses of Stimulants.
Fatigue and Narcolepsy Mood and Performance Obesity Hyperkinesis.
Psychoactive Properties.
Methamphetamine.
Aggression and Criminal Behavior.
Psychopathology and Theories of Vulnerability.
Treatment Modalities.
Behavioral Approaches.
Summary.
10. Stimulants - Nicotine and Caffeine.
Nicotine.
How Cigarettes Became a National Habit Prevalence of Tobacco Use Advertising Tobacco Products Mode of Administration Absorption, Metabolism, and Excretion Pharmacological Aspects Tolerance and Dependence Toxicity Smokeless and Spit Tobacco Treatment.
Caffeine.
Mode of Administration Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Elimination Pharmacological Aspects Peripheral Physical Effects Tolerance and Dependence Adverse Effects Behavior and Learning Fibrocystic Breast Disease Cancer Cardiac Effects Caffeine Poisoning Teratogenic Effects Drug Interactions.
Treatment.
Nicotine, Caffeine and Crime.
Summary.
11. Central Nervous System Depressants.
Extent of Use of Depressants.
Effects of Depressants and Active Properties.
General Therapeutic Uses.
Insomnia Anxiety Treatment of Alcohol Withdrawal Anticonvulsant Effects Anesthesia.
Barbiturates.
Routes of Administration Absorption, Distribution, and Excretion Pharmacological Properties Psychological and Behavioral Effects Tolerance and Dependence Effects During Pregnancy.
Nonbarbiturate Sedative-Hypnotics.
Meprobamate.
Benzodiazepines.
Absorption, Distribution, and Excretion Pharmacological Effects Adverse Effects Beneficial Uses Tolerance and Dependence Buspirone.
Vulnerability to Abuse.
Addict Populations Risk Factors.
The Role of CNS Depressants in Criminal Activity.
Treatment.
Summary.
12. Psychedelic Drugs.
Extent of Use of Psychedelics.
Religious Uses and Cultural Trends.
Classification.
Serotonin Psychedelics.
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) Psilocybin and Psilocin Other Serotonin Psychedelics.
Norepinephrine Psychedelics.
Mescaline (Peyote) Designer Drugs: Synthetic Mescaline Psychedelics Other Designer Drugs.
Psychedelics Influencing Acetylcholine.
Cholinergic (ACh)Agonists Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) Inhibitors Anticholinergic Drugs.
Miscellaneous Psychedelics.
PCP.
Summary.
13. Marijuana and the Cannabinoids.
Prevalence of Marijuana Use.
Classification of Marijuana.
Administration, Absorption, and Metabolism.
Detection of Marijuana Use.
Sites of Action and Pharmacological Aspects.
Physiological Effects.
Psychological and Behavioral Effects.
Influences of the Social Context.
Tolerance and Dependence.
Toxicity and Side Effects.
Brain Function Sleep Disturbances Sexual and Reproductive Functions Cardiovascular System Immunity Lungs Behavioral and Psychological Reactions.
Medical Benefits.
Vulnerability to Abuse Marijuana.
Treatment of Chronic Marijuana Use.
Summary.
14. Anabolic Steroids.
Prevalence of Use.
Tolerance and Dependence.
Medical Complications.
Psychological Effects.
Detection.
Personal, Societal and Legal Concerns.
Treatment.
Summary.
15. Principles and Practices of Treatment.
Questions, Controversies and Concerns.
Dimensions of Current Treatment Options.
Treatment Location and Duration Residential Treatment Day Treatment Outpatient Programs Brief Interventions Treatment in Prison Synopsis.
Treatment Modality.
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Other Forms of Anonymity The Therapeutic Community Contingency Contracting Social Intervention Pharmacological Strategies.
What Makes Treatment Effective?
Summary.
16. Drug Trafficking.
Drug Trafficking Organizations.
Colombian Drug Cartels La Cosa Nostra and the Sicilian Mafia Asian Organized Crime Groups Jamaican Posses Outlaw Motorcycle Groups California Street Gangs The Street Level Dealer The CIA as Drug Traffickers.
Money Laundering.
Summary.
17. The Law Enforcement Response.
Government Efforts to Reduce Supply.
Crop Eradication Use of the United States Military Extradition Interdiction.
Asset Forfeiture.
Drug Courier Profiles.
Increased Arrest, Conviction, and Imprisonment.
Street Level Narcotics Enforcement.
Drug Testing.
Drug Use in the Workplace Contamination of the Specimen The False Positive and False Negative Test Result Accuracy of Drug Tests Pre- employment Drug Tests On the Job Drug tests Drug Testing in the Criminal Justice System.
Who Are the Bad Guys Anyway? Drug Use and Corruption among Police Officers.
Summary.
18. Social Drug Policy.
The Criminal Justice War on Drugs.
Prioritizing Efforts to Thwart Drug Abuse A Need to Focus on Drug Related Antisocial and Criminal Behavior.
Drug Legalization.
Harm to the Individual Drug Use and Crime Increased Drug Use The War on Drugs has Failed Increased Governmental Intrusion into the Private Lives of Citizens Legalized Drugs Counterpoints to the Legislative Argument The Public Health Alternative.
Practical Implications.
Summary.
Glossary of Terms.
References.
1. Drug Abuse: Social Contexts and Individual Consequences.
The Extent of Drug Abuse in America.
The Prevalence and Social Experience of Drug Abuse.
Integrating Social and Medical Perspectives of Drug Abuse.
2. History of Drug Abuse and Legislation.
Before Drug Regulation.
Drug Use and Levels of Addiction Before Drug Regulation.
Racism and Drug Laws.
The Chinese and Opium SmokingBlacks and CocaineMarijuana, Blacks and Mexicans.
The Pure Food and Drug Act.
The Harrison Act.
The U.S. Narcotics Bureau and the Legacy of Harry J. Anslinger.
Anslinger and the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937.
Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970.
Comprehensive Crime Control Act 0f 1984.
Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986.
Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988.
3. Brain Function and Chemistry.
Basic Anatomy of the Nervous System.
BrainstemLimbic SystemCortex.
Basic Brain Chemistry.
Endocrinology: The Body's Chemical Network.
The Role of Learning.
Neurotransmitters and Neuropeptides.
Synaptic Transmission Characteristics of Transmitters Opiate Transmitters.
4. Pharmacology.
Methods to Administer Drugs.
Oral Administration Injection Inhalation.
Drug Distribution.
Blood-Brain Barrier Placental Barrier.
Drug Action.
Deactivation and Elimination.
Drug Dependence.
Tolerance Withdrawal
Drug Interactions and Effects.
Dose-Response Relationship.
Placebo Effects.
Other Factors Influencing Drug Effects.
Drug, Set and Setting.
Drug Use, Abuse and Addiction.
5. Theories of Addiction.
Theoretical Perspective.
Biological Theories of Addiction.
Inherent Reward Value of Abusable Drugs Genetic Influences Biological Systems.
Psychological Theories.
Psychological Predispositions.
Sociological Theories.
Anomie Theory Strain Theory Control Theory Labeling Theory Subculture Theory Social Learning Theory Morality and Values.
Integrating Theories: The Diathesis-Stress Model.
6. Alcohol.
The Extent of Alcohol Use in the United States.
How the Body Responds to Alcohol.
Varied Effects and Influences Alcohol's Effect on the Body.
Psychoactive Effects.
Tolerance, Dependence, and Withdrawal.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.
Development and Diagnosis of the Alcoholic.
Vulnerability to Alcohol Use and Dependence.
Biochemical Mechanisms Genetic Aspects of Alcohol Addiction Antisocial Personality and Alcohol Abuse Childhood Hyperactivity and Alcohol Abuse.
Aggressive and Criminal Behavior.
Alcoholism and The Family.
The Dysfunctional Family Codependency.
Treatment of Alcoholism.
Pharmacological Strategies Detoxification Psychotherapeutic and Behavioral Treatments Alcoholics Anonymous.
Summary.
7. Heroin and Other Opiates.
Prevalence of Heroin Use in the United States.
Classification of Opiates.
Physiology and Metabolism of Opiates.
Natural Opiates in the Brain.
Methods of Administration.
Medical Uses of Opiates.
Addictive Properties of Opiates.
Tolerance Physical Dependence Psychological Dependence Long Term Opiate Addiction Toxic Effects of Opiate Use.
Opiate Use, Psychopathology and Criminal Behavior.
Injectable Drug Use and AIDS.
Preventing the Spread of AIDS AIDS in Prison.
Treatment of Opiate Addiction.
Opiate Antagonists Methadone Treatment Buprenorphine Treatment Clonidine Treatment Therapeutic Communities Drug Treatment and Crime.
Summary.
8. Stimulants - Cocaine.
Types of Cocaine.
Prevalence of Use.
Routes of Administration and Elimination.
Active Properties of Cocaine.
Neurobiological and Psychoactive Properties.
Tolerance, Dependence and Withdrawal.
Medical Complications.
Fetal Cocaine Syndrome.
Vulnerability to Cocaine Abuse.
Lifestyles of the Crack Addict: Prostitution and Violence.
Treatment.
Pharmacological Treatments Psychotherapeutic and Behavioral Treatments.
Summary
9. Stimulants - Amphetamines.
Extent of Use of Amphetamines.
Characteristics.
Physiology and Metabolism Pharmacological Aspects Tolerance, Dependence and Withdrawal.
Medical Uses of Stimulants.
Fatigue and Narcolepsy Mood and Performance Obesity Hyperkinesis.
Psychoactive Properties.
Methamphetamine.
Aggression and Criminal Behavior.
Psychopathology and Theories of Vulnerability.
Treatment Modalities.
Behavioral Approaches.
Summary.
10. Stimulants - Nicotine and Caffeine.
Nicotine.
How Cigarettes Became a National Habit Prevalence of Tobacco Use Advertising Tobacco Products Mode of Administration Absorption, Metabolism, and Excretion Pharmacological Aspects Tolerance and Dependence Toxicity Smokeless and Spit Tobacco Treatment.
Caffeine.
Mode of Administration Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Elimination Pharmacological Aspects Peripheral Physical Effects Tolerance and Dependence Adverse Effects Behavior and Learning Fibrocystic Breast Disease Cancer Cardiac Effects Caffeine Poisoning Teratogenic Effects Drug Interactions.
Treatment.
Nicotine, Caffeine and Crime.
Summary.
11. Central Nervous System Depressants.
Extent of Use of Depressants.
Effects of Depressants and Active Properties.
General Therapeutic Uses.
Insomnia Anxiety Treatment of Alcohol Withdrawal Anticonvulsant Effects Anesthesia.
Barbiturates.
Routes of Administration Absorption, Distribution, and Excretion Pharmacological Properties Psychological and Behavioral Effects Tolerance and Dependence Effects During Pregnancy.
Nonbarbiturate Sedative-Hypnotics.
Meprobamate.
Benzodiazepines.
Absorption, Distribution, and Excretion Pharmacological Effects Adverse Effects Beneficial Uses Tolerance and Dependence Buspirone.
Vulnerability to Abuse.
Addict Populations Risk Factors.
The Role of CNS Depressants in Criminal Activity.
Treatment.
Summary.
12. Psychedelic Drugs.
Extent of Use of Psychedelics.
Religious Uses and Cultural Trends.
Classification.
Serotonin Psychedelics.
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) Psilocybin and Psilocin Other Serotonin Psychedelics.
Norepinephrine Psychedelics.
Mescaline (Peyote) Designer Drugs: Synthetic Mescaline Psychedelics Other Designer Drugs.
Psychedelics Influencing Acetylcholine.
Cholinergic (ACh)Agonists Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) Inhibitors Anticholinergic Drugs.
Miscellaneous Psychedelics.
PCP.
Summary.
13. Marijuana and the Cannabinoids.
Prevalence of Marijuana Use.
Classification of Marijuana.
Administration, Absorption, and Metabolism.
Detection of Marijuana Use.
Sites of Action and Pharmacological Aspects.
Physiological Effects.
Psychological and Behavioral Effects.
Influences of the Social Context.
Tolerance and Dependence.
Toxicity and Side Effects.
Brain Function Sleep Disturbances Sexual and Reproductive Functions Cardiovascular System Immunity Lungs Behavioral and Psychological Reactions.
Medical Benefits.
Vulnerability to Abuse Marijuana.
Treatment of Chronic Marijuana Use.
Summary.
14. Anabolic Steroids.
Prevalence of Use.
Tolerance and Dependence.
Medical Complications.
Psychological Effects.
Detection.
Personal, Societal and Legal Concerns.
Treatment.
Summary.
15. Principles and Practices of Treatment.
Questions, Controversies and Concerns.
Dimensions of Current Treatment Options.
Treatment Location and Duration Residential Treatment Day Treatment Outpatient Programs Brief Interventions Treatment in Prison Synopsis.
Treatment Modality.
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Other Forms of Anonymity The Therapeutic Community Contingency Contracting Social Intervention Pharmacological Strategies.
What Makes Treatment Effective?
Summary.
16. Drug Trafficking.
Drug Trafficking Organizations.
Colombian Drug Cartels La Cosa Nostra and the Sicilian Mafia Asian Organized Crime Groups Jamaican Posses Outlaw Motorcycle Groups California Street Gangs The Street Level Dealer The CIA as Drug Traffickers.
Money Laundering.
Summary.
17. The Law Enforcement Response.
Government Efforts to Reduce Supply.
Crop Eradication Use of the United States Military Extradition Interdiction.
Asset Forfeiture.
Drug Courier Profiles.
Increased Arrest, Conviction, and Imprisonment.
Street Level Narcotics Enforcement.
Drug Testing.
Drug Use in the Workplace Contamination of the Specimen The False Positive and False Negative Test Result Accuracy of Drug Tests Pre- employment Drug Tests On the Job Drug tests Drug Testing in the Criminal Justice System.
Who Are the Bad Guys Anyway? Drug Use and Corruption among Police Officers.
Summary.
18. Social Drug Policy.
The Criminal Justice War on Drugs.
Prioritizing Efforts to Thwart Drug Abuse A Need to Focus on Drug Related Antisocial and Criminal Behavior.
Drug Legalization.
Harm to the Individual Drug Use and Crime Increased Drug Use The War on Drugs has Failed Increased Governmental Intrusion into the Private Lives of Citizens Legalized Drugs Counterpoints to the Legislative Argument The Public Health Alternative.
Practical Implications.
Summary.
Glossary of Terms.
References.