America's Musical Landscape

*new or expanded coverage Optional Listening Examples Preface Chronology of Figures and Events Introduction PRELUDE: Basic Properties of Musical Sound The Elements of Music Rhythm Meter Melody Harmony Timbre Form Music Notation Elements of an American Sound How to Improve Your Listening Skills *Listening Example 1. George R. Poulton, "Love Me Tender" Terms to Review Suggestions for Further Listening Critical Thinking PART 1. MUSIC IN EARLY NORTH AMERICA The Early Years: Historical and Cultural Perspective The Beginnings of Music in America Native Americans European Emigrants Puritan Society The African Experience in Early America Revolution, in Classical Style Painting in Eighteenth-Century America Chapter 1. North American Indian Music Songs Texts Listening Example 2. Yeibichai Chant Song (excerpt) Sioux Grass Dance Sound Instruments Listening Example 3. Sioux Grass Dance (excerpt) Contemporary Indian Song Professional Musicians Terms to Review Key Figures Suggestions for Further Listening Suggestions for Viewing Critical Thinking Chapter 2. Folk Music *Spanish Traditions Listening Example 4. Anonymous, El cutillo Alabados British Traditions Folk Ballads Early American Folk Music Listening Example 5. Anonymous, "Barbara Allen" *African Traditions Listening Example 6. Anonymous, "Shenandoah" Field Hollers *Listening Example 7. Field Holler *Listening Example 8. Father's Field Call Ring Shouts Listening Example 9. Complaint Call Work Songs *Listening Example 10. Anonymous, "Hammer, Ring" (excerpt) Musical Instruments What of African Music Survives Today? Terms to Review Suggestions for Further Listening Critical Thinking Chapter 3. Religious Music in the Colonial, Revolutionary, and Federal Periods Music at the Spanish Mission Psalm Tunes Psalters Listening Example 11. Louis Bourgeois, "Old Hundred" Other Protestant Music German-Speaking Protestant Sects Listening Example 12. John Antes, "Surely He Has Borne Our Griefs" The Great Awakening Early Efforts at Musical Reform The Singing School Movement William Billings Listening Example 13. William Billings, "Chester" Canons Fuging Tunes Listening Example 14. William Billings, "When Jesus Wept" Listening Example 15. Daniel Read, "Sherburne" Terms to Review Key Figures Optional Listening Example Suggestions for Further Listening Critical Thinking *Chapter 4. Secular Music in the Colonial, Revolutionary, and Federal Periods Music in Everyday Experience Prestigious Musical Amateurs Professional Composers Listening Example 16. Alexander Reinagle, Sonata in E for the Piano Forte, third movement. Early Bands Listening Example 17. Anonymous, "Yankee Doodle" (excerpt) Terms to Review Key Figures Optional Listening Example Suggestions for Further Listening Critical Thinking Part 1 Summary PART 2. THE TUMULTUOUS NINETEENTH CENTURY Romanticism in America: Historical and Cultural Perspective The Emergence of Characteristically American Art Fusion of the Arts The Civil War Era Music Chapter 5. Religious Music in the Early Nineteenth Century The Great Revival Shape-Note Notation Spiritual Songs "Amazing Grace" Black Spirituals Listening Example 18. Carter Family, "There'll be Joy, Joy, Joy" (excerpt) Listening Example 19. Anonymous, "Amazing Grace" Listening Example 20. Anonymous, "Nobody Knows the Trouble I've Seen" Spiritual as Concert Music Singing Conventions Further Movements to Reform Music Lowell Mason Listening Example 21. Lowell Mason, "Nearer, My God, to Thee" Terms to Review Key Figures Suggestions for Further Listening Suggestion for Viewing Critical Thinking *Chapter 6. Popular Music of the Civil War Era Minstrelsy James A. Bland (1854-1911) Listening Example 22. Daniel Decatur Emmett, "I Wish I Was in Dixie's Land" The Heritage of Minstrelsy Stephen Foster (1826-1864) Listening Example 23. Stephen Foster, "I Dream of Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair" Listening Example 24. Stephen Foster, "Oh! Susanna" Patriotic Songs Civil War Songs Singing Families Concert Bands Patrick Sarsfield Gilmore (1829-1892) John Philip Sousa (1854-1932) Marches Listening Example 25. John Philip Sousa, "The Stars and Stripes Forever" Terms to Review Key Figures Suggestions for Further Listening Suggestion for Viewing Critical Thinking Chapter 7. Early Concert Music Rise of Nationalism in Music Anthony Philip Heinrich (1781-1861) Romantic Virtuosos The Swedish Nightingale Ole Bull Louis Moreau Gottschalk 91829-1869) Piano Music Orchestral Music Listening Example 26. Louis Moreau Gottschalk, "Le bananier" William Henry Fry (1813-1864) Theodore Thomas (1835-1905) Terms to Review Key Figures Optional Listening Examples Suggestions for Further Listening Critical Thinking Chapter 8. American Concert Music Comes of Age: The Late Nineteenth Century The Second New England School John Knowles Paine (1839-1906) Fugue Listening Example 27. John Knowles Paine, Fuga Giocosa, Op. 41, No. 3 Other Members of the School Amy Marcy Cheney Beach (1867-1944) Edward MacDowell (1860-1908) *Listening Example 28. Amy Marcy Cheney Beach, Symphony no. 2 in e Minor (Gaelic), 2nd movement Other Members of the School Arthur Farwell and the Wa-Wan Press Terms to Review Key Figures Optional Listening Examples Suggestions for Further Listening Critical Thinking Part 2 Summary PART 3. THE GROWTH OF VERNACULAR TRADITIONS Music in the Vernacular: Historical and Cultural Perspective Vernacular Art and Literature Vernacular Music *Chapter 9. The Rise of Popular Culture Ragtime Scott Joplin (1868-1917) Listening Example 29. Scott Joplin, "Maple Leaf Rag" Influence of Ragtime Tin Pan Alley The Songs Barbershop Singing *Listening Example 30. George M. Cohan, "Rose" ("A Ring to the Name of Rose") Irving Berlin (1888-1989) *Listening Example 31. Irving Berlin, "Alexander's Ragtime Band" Jerome Kern (1885-1945) Cole Porter (1892-1964) George Gershwin (1898-1937) *Listening Example 32. Cole Porter, "Night and Day" Decline of Tin Pan Alley Terms to Review Key Figures Suggestions for Further Listening Suggestion for Viewing Critical Thinking Chapter 10. Country Music From Country to City Jimmie Rodgers (1897-1933) The Carter Family *Listening Example 33. Jimmie Rodgers, Blue Yodel No. 9 Listening Example 34. The Carter Family, "Chinese Breakdown" Styles of Country Music American Folk Ballads Bluegrass Listening Example 35. Anonymous, "The Ballad of Casey Jones" Listening Example 36. Earl Scruggs, "Earl's Breakdown" Country Pop and the Nashville Sound Country Goes Western Western Swing Listening Example 37. Bob Wills, "New San Antonio Rose" Honky-Tonk Cowboy Songs Women in Country Recent Country Terms to Review Key Figures Optional Listening Examples Suggestions for Further Listening Suggestion for Viewing Suggestion for Reading Critical Thinking *Chapter 11. Ethnic Traditions and the Urban Folk Revival *Hawaiian Music *Cajun Music Listening Example 38. Anonymous, Cajun Two-Step (excerpt) *Zydeco Urban Folk Music Woody Guthrie (1914-1967) Listening Example 39. Anonymous, "Tu le ton son ton" The Movement Evolves Bob Dylan (1941- ) A New Romance Terms to Review Key Figures Suggestions for Further Listening Suggestion for Viewing Critical Thinking Chapter 12. The Jazz Age Blues Country or Rural Blues Classic Blues Listening Example 40. Robert Johnson, "Hellhound on My Trail" Listening Example 41. Bessie Smith, "Lost Your Head Blues" Urban Blues New Orleans Jazz Listening Example 42. W. C. Handy, St. Louis Blues Louis Armstrong (1900-1971) Chicago Jazz Listening Example 43. Lillian Hardin Armstrong, "Hotter Than That" (excerpt) Jazz Piano Boogie-Woogie Listening Example 44. Albert Ammons, "Shout for Joy" Stride Piano Listening Example 45. James P. Johnson, "Carolina Shout" Sweet Jazz Terms to Review Key Figures Optional Listening Examples Suggestions for Further Listening Suggestion for Viewing Critical Thinking Chapter 13. Jazz 1930-1960 Big Band Swing Art of Arranging Listening Example 46. Count Basie, Lester Young, arr., "Taxi War Dance" Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington (1899-1974) Listening Example 47. Duke Ellington, Mood Indigo Women in Jazz Reactions Against Big Band Music Billie Holiday (1915-1959) Bebop Charlie "Bird" Parker (1920-1955) John Birks "Dizzy" Gillespie (1917-1993) Listening Example 48. Charlie Parker, Dizzy Gillespie, "KoKo" Jazz As Concert Music Jazz Composition Listening Example 49. Duke Ellington, Concerto for Cootie Progressive Jazz Listening Example 50. Paul Desmond, "Take Five" (excerpt) Cool Jazz Hard Bop (Funk, Soul) *Listening Example 51. Miles Davis, "Boplicity" Terms to Review Key Figures Optional Listening Example Suggestions for Further Listening Suggestions for Viewing Critical Thinking Chapter 14. Jazz Since 1960 Charles Mingus (1922-1979) Free Jazz Third Stream *Listening Example 52. John Coltrane, "A Love Supreme, Part I, "Acknowledgement" The 1970s Fusion (Jazz-Rock) Integration of Foreign Sounds *Listening Example 53. Chick Corea, "Stretch It," Part I The 1980s Crossover Music Traditionalism The 1990s and Beyond Henry Threadgill (1944 - _ Anthony Braxton (1945 - ) Anthony Davis (1951 - ) Wynton Marsalis (1961 - ) Jazz Today and Tomorrow Terms to Review Key Figures Optional Listening Example Suggestions for Further Listening Critical Thinking Part 3 Summary *PART 4. A DIVERSITY OF POPULAR MUSICS Vernacular Art Vernacular Music Chapter 15. Latin Popular Musics The Caribbean Santeria: The Way of the Saints Bomba Rumba Cu-bop Mambo Salsa Reggae Listening Example 54. Ruben Blades, Willie Colon, "Ojos" Calypso Brazil Samba and Bossa Nova Listening Example 55. Antonio Carlos Jobim, "Desafinado" ("Off Key") Mexico *Tejano/Norteno Music Corridos Conjunto Mariachis Latin Music Today Listening Example 56. Anonymous, "Jarabe Tapatio" Terms to Review Key Figures Suggestions for Further Listening Suggestions for Viewing Critical Thinking Chapter 16. Rock and Roll The Generation Gap Gospel Rhythm and Blues Country Music Meets R&B Birth of Rock and Roll Bill Haley (1925-1981) Elvis Presley (1935-1977) Early Characteristics End of the First Era Listening Example 57. Chuck Berry, "School Day" Surfing Music Motown The British Invasion Listening Example 58. The Supremes, "Stop! In the Name of Love" Back to Black Rock Soul Funk Listening Example 59. James Brown, "Papa's Got a Brand New Bag" From Rock and Roll to Rock Folk Rock Acid Rock Listening Example 60. Bob Dylan, "Mr. Tambourine Man" Psychedelic Blues Heavy Metal A Future Unassured Terms to Review Key Figures Suggestions for Further Listening Suggestion for Viewing Suggestion for Reading Critical Thinking Chapter 17. Popular Music since 1970 Singer/Songwriters Art Rock Disco Punk Grunge New Wave Electronic Dance Music *Hip-Hop and Rap Social Concerns Back to the Roots Contemporary Black Gospel The Future Is Here Music Business Terms to Review Key Figures Suggestions for Listening Critical Thinking Part 4 Summary PART 5. MUSIC FOR THEATER AND FILM Music and Theater: Historical and Cultural Perspective Musical Theater in America Broadway Musicals Opera Films Chapter 18. Musical Theater Variety Shows Vaudeville Burlesque Revues Listening Example 61. Jack Norworth and Nora Bayes, "Shine On, Harvest Moon" Operetta Gilbert and Sullivan American Operettas Musical Comedies George M. Cohan (1878-1942) Listening Example 62. George M. Cohan, "Give My Regards to Broadway" Black Musical Theater Jerome Kern's Show Boat Golden Age of Broadway Musicals (1930-1955)Listening Example 63. Jerome Kern, "Ol' Man River" Rodgers and Hart Rodgers and Hammerstein Expansion of the Broadway Musical Lerner and Loewe Leonard Bernstein (1918-1990) Stephen Sondheim (1930- ) Listening Example 64. Leonard Bernstein, "Tonight" *Listening Example 65. Stephen Sondheim, "Every Day a Little Death" More Black Musicals The Music of Musicals Current Trends From Film to Broadway Effects Other than Music Terms to Review Suggestions for Further Listening Suggestions for Viewing Critical Thinking Chapter 19. Music for Films Functions of Music in Film Source versus Functional Music History of Music in Films Silent Films Early Sound Films The Hollywood Sound *Listening Example 66. John Williams, Star Wars Main Title Pop Scores Electronic Music Movie Musicals Revived Current Trends The Composer's Perspective Techniques Film Score Performances and Recordings Terms to Review Key Figures Suggestions for Further Listening Critical Thinking Chapter 20. American Opera Opera Solo and Ensemble Singing Opera in America Virgil Thomson (1896-1989) George Gershwin's Porgy and Bess Gian-Carlo Menotti (1911- ) Listening Example 67. George Gershwin, "Bess, You Is My Woman Now" (from Porgy and Bess) The Trend toward Realism *Listening Example 68. Philip Glass and Robert Wilson, Einstein on the Beach (excerpt) Opera or Musical: Which Is It? American Opera Today Terms to Review Key Figures Optional Listening Examples Suggestions for Further Listening Critical Thinking Part 5. Summary PART 6. TRADITION AND INNOVATION IN CONCERT MUSIC Music for the Concert Hall: Historical and Cultural Perspective Interaction between the Arts The Value of Chance American Concert Music Chapter 21. Experimental Music: Revolution Charles Ives (1874-1954) Philosophy of Music Instrumental Compositions Songs Listening Example 69. Charles Ives, "General Putnam's Camp" from Three Places in New England Listening Example 70. Charles Ives, "At the River" Other Characteristics of Ives's Music Ives's Place in History Henry Cowell (1897-1965) Early Compositions Piano Experiments Listening Example 71. Henry Cowell, "The Banshee" (excerpt) Sources of Inspiration Writings Concrete Music John Cage (1912-1992) Gamelan Music Prepared Piano Listening Example 72. Kebjar Hudjan Mas (excerpt) Listening Example 73. John Cage, The Perilous Night Terms to Review Key Figures Optional Listening Examples Suggestions for Further Listening Critical Thinking Chapter 22. Early Twentieth-Century Mainstream Concert Music: Evolution The Paris Scene Aaron Copland (1900-1990) Depression and War Years Listening Example 74. Aaron Copland, Fanfare for the Common Man Music for Dance *Listening Example 75. Aaron Copland, "Hoedown" from Rodeo Later Works Samuel Barber (1910-1981) Listening Example 76. Samuel Barber, Adagio for Strings Harlem Renaissance William Grand Still (1895-1978) Listening Example 77. William Grant Still, Afro-American Symphony, third movement Terms to Review Key Figures Optional Listening Examples Suggestions for Further Listening Critical Thinking Chapter 23. The Avant-Garde, Continued Rhythm and Timbre *Harry Partch (1901-1974) Tape Music and the Electronic Synthesizer Milton Babbitt (1916 - ) John Cage and Chance Music Silence Other Composers of Chance Music Notation Pauline Oliveros (1932 - ) Listening Example 79. Pauline Oliveros, Sound Patterns: for Mixed Chorus a cappella Terms to Review Key Figures Optional Listening Example Suggestions for Further Listening Critical Thinking Chapter 24. The Recent Mainstream The Elements of Music New Concepts of Form William Schuman (1910-1992) Lou Harrison (1917-2003) Listening Example 80. William Schuman, New England Triptych, third movement, "Chester" Minimalism Terry Riley (1935- ) Philip Glass (1937- ) Women in Music *Listening Example 81. Gwyneth Walker, "Maggie and Millie and Molly and May" from Though Love Be a Day A Promise of New Sounds Terms to Review Key Figures Optional Listening Example Suggestions for Further Listening Critical Thinking Part 6 Summary The Charge Glossary Credits Index