Anesthesiology Review

PHYSIOLOGICAL SCIENCES- 1 Pulmonary Function Test Interpretation 2 Factors Affecting Pulmonary Compliance and Airway Resistance 3 Effect of Surfactant on Lung Mechanics 4 Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation and Perfusion 5 Clinical Implications of the Alveolar Gas Equation 6 Measurement and Implications of Qs/Qt 7 Oxygen Transport 8 Carbon Dioxide Dissociation Curve 9 Interpretation of Arterial Blood Gases 10 Blood Gas Temperature Correction 11 Central Regulation of Ventilation 12 Physiologic Effects of Hyper-and Hypocarbia 13 Sodium 14 Potassium 15 Calcium 16 Electrolyte Abnormalities: Magnesium 17 Cardiac Cycle: Control and Synchronicity 18 Physiologic Determinants of Cardiac Output 19 Myocardial Oxygen Supply and Demand 20 Monitoring Mixed Venous Oxygen Saturation 21 Pulmonary Hypertension 22 Bradyarrhythmias 23 Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmias 24 Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias 25 Factors Affecting Cerebral Blood Flow and Its Autoregulation 26 Anesthetic Agents and the Electroencephalogram 27 Somatosensory Evoked Potential Monitoring 28 Physiology of Neuromuscular Transmission 29 Endocrine Factors Affecting Neuromuscular Block 30 The Sympathetic Nervous System: Anatomy and Receptor Pharmacology 31 The Parasympathetic Nervous System: Anatomy and Receptor Pharmacology 32 Mechanisms of Hepatic Drug Metabolism and Excretion 33 Hepatic Physiology and Preoperative Evaluation 34 Renal Physiology 35 Renal Function Tests 36 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Restrictive Lung Disease 37 Preparation for Anesthesia: Tobacco and Caffeine Withdrawal 38 Thermoregulation and Perioperative Hypothermia 39 Molecular and Celluar Mechanisms of Anesthesia 40 Cardiovascular Effects of the Inhalation Agents 41 Central Nervous System Effects of the Inhalation Agents 42 Renal Effects of the Inhalation Agents 43 Hepatic Effects of the Inhalation Agents 44 Nitrous Oxide 45 Factors Affecting Anesthetic Gas Uptake 46 Minimum Alveolar Concentration 47 Effect of Cardiac Shunts on Inhalation Induction 48 Concentration Effect and Second Gas Effect 49 Thiopental 50 Propofol 51 Ketamine 52 Opioid Pharmacology 53 Cardiovascular Effects of Narcotics 54 Perioperative Narcotic Problems: Muscle Rigidity and Biliary Colic 55 Nonsteroidal Anti- Inflammatory Drugs 56 Succinylcholine Side Effects 57 Prolongation of Succinylcholine Effect 58 Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants 59 NonRelaxant Side Effects of Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants 60 Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine and Edrophonium 61 Atropine, Scopolamine, and Glycopyrrolate Pharmacology 62 Sodium Bicarbonate 63 Vasopressors and Inotropes 64 Nitroglycerin 65 Sodium Nitroprusside 66 Deliberate Hypotension 67 Calcium Channel Blockers 68 Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors and Anesthesia 69 Benzodiazepenes 70 Antiemetic Agents 71 Anti-Aspiration Drugs 72 Diuretics 73 Bronchodilators 74 Effects of pKa, pH, and Protein Binding 75 Anaphylactic and Anaphylactoid Reactions PHYSICAL SCIENCES 76 Coronary Circulation and the Myocardial Conduction System 77 Cerebral Circulation 78 Anatomy of the Posterior Fossa 79 Spinal Cord Anatomy and Blood Supply 80 The Autonomic Nervous System 81 Central Venous Cannulation: Anatomy and Complications 82 Anatomy of the Larynx 83 Brachial Plexus Anatomy 84 Transesophageal Echocardiography: Anatomical Considerations 85 Transesophageal Echocardiography: Intraoperative Uses 86 Medical Gas Cylinders: Physics, Handling Safety, Pin Indexing 87 Flowmeters: Physics of Gas Flow 88 Vaporizers 89 Closed-Circuit Anesthesia 90 Carbon Dioxide Absorption 91 Causes of Carbon Dioxide Retention in Anesthetic Breathing Systems 92 Capnography 93 Disconnect Monitors 94 Pulse Oximetry 95 Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy 96 Direct Arterial Pressure Monitoring 97 Pitfalls of Pulmonary Artery Pressure Monitoring 98 Effect of Cardiac Function on Central Venous Pressure 99 Factors Affecting Thermodilution Cardiac Output 100 Hemodynamic Monitoring for Patients with COPD 101 Line Isolation Monitors: Leakage Currents 102 Microshock Hazards 103 Laser Combustion 104 Physics and Physiology of Neuromuscular Monitoring CLINICAL SCIENCES 105 Preemptive Anesthesia and Perioperative Pain Control 106 Patient-Controlled Analgesia 107 Epidural Steroid Injection 108 Pain Therapy for Patients with Cancer 109 Neuraxial Opioids 110 Celiac Plexus Block 111 Lumbar Sympathetic Block 112 Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 113 Posterpetic Neuralgia 114 Stellate Ganglion Block 115 Postoperative Headache 116 Local Anesthetic: Mechanisms of Action 117 Local Anesthetic Pharmacology 118 Toxicity of Local Anesthetics 119 Local Anesthetic Preservatives 120 Cocaine Pharmacology 121 Spinal Anesthesia 122 Epidural Anesthesia 123 Combined Spinal-Epidural Blockade 124 Neuraxial Anesthesia and Anticoagulation 125 Upper Extremity Blocks 126 Lower Extremity Blocks 127 Lower Extremity Block: Psoas Compartment Block 128 Nerve Block at the Ankle 129 Retrobulbar Blocks 130 Regional Anesthesia and Pain Relief in Children 131 Bronchopleural Fistula 132 Pneumo-, Hemo-, and Chylothorax 133 Double-Lumen Endotracheal Tubes 134 One-Lung Ventilation and Methods of Improving Oxygenation 135 High Frequency Ventilation 136 Preoperative Evaluation of the Patient with Cardiac Disease 137 Pacemakers 138 Automatic Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrilator 139 Detection and Treatment of Perioperative Acute Coronary Syndromes 140 Anticoagulation and Reversal for Cardiopulmonary Bypass 141 Evaluation of the Coagulation System 142 Causes of Intraoperative Bradycardia 143 Aortic Stenosis 144 Heart Failure:Classification, Compensation, and Therapy 145 Neonatal Cardiovascular Physiology 146 Congenital Heart Disease: Congestive Heart Failure 147 Anesthesia for Patient Ductus Arteriosus and Other Neonatal Cardiovascular Problems 148 Cardiopulmonary Bypass 149 Anesthesia for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Procedures 150 Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass and Minimally Invansive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass 151 Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump 152 Increased Intracranial Pressure 153 Anesthesia for Hypophysectomy 154 Carotid Endarterectomy 155 Cerebral Aneurysm Surgery 156 Cerebral Protection 157 Anesthesia for the Sitting Position 158 Physiology and Treatment of Venous Air Embolism 159 Management of Acute Spinal Cord Injury 160 Autonomic Hyperreflexia 161 Prematurity: Anesthetic Risks 162 The Infant Adult Airway Versus the Adult Airway 163 Congenital Pediatric Airway Problems 164 Effects of High Maternal Oxygen Concentrations on the Fetus 165 Fluid Management in Infants 166 Meconium Aspiration 167 Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia 168 Other Neonatal Emergencies: Tracheoesophageal Fistula, Omphalocele 169 Pediatric Neuromuscular Disorders 170 Pyloric Stenosis 171 VATER Association and Trisomy- 21 172 Croup Versus Epiglottitis 173 Neuromuscular Blockers in Neonates 174 Pediatric Breathing Circuits 175 Maternal Physiologic Changes in Pregnancy 176 Nonobstetric Surgery During Pregnancy 177 Anesthesia for the Patient With Preeclampsia 178 Maternal Diabetes: Neonatal Effects 179 The Pregnant Patient with Cardiac Disease 180 Drugs Affecting the Uterus: Tocolytics and Oxytocics 181 Analgesia for Labor 182 Fetal Monitoring 183 Anesthesia for Cesarean Section 184 Neonatal Resuscitation 185 Peripartum Hemorrhage 186 Type, Screen, and Crossmatch, and Emergency Blood Group Switching 187 Red Blood Cell Transfusion 188 Massive Transfusion 189 Infectious Transfusion Risks 190 Occupational Transmission of Bloodborne Pathogens 191 Autotransfusion 192 Indications and Risks of Platelet Transfusion 193 Albumin, Hetastarch, and Pentastarch 194 Nonhemolytic Transfusion Reactions 195 Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions 196 Sickle Cell Anemia: Anesthetic Implications 197 Issues in Ambulatory Anesthesia 198 Positioning 199 Management of the Difficult Airway 200 Carbon Monoxide Poisoning 201 Anticholinesterase and Anticholinergic Poisoning 202 Malignant Hyperthermia 203 Myastenia Gravis and Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome 204 Anesthesia for Myotonic Dystrophy 205 Anesthesia for Patients with Epilepsy 206 Morbid Obesity and Anesthesia 207 Anesthetic Implications of Thyroid Storm 208 Anesthesia for Patients with Chronic Renal Failure 209 Anesthesia for Patients with Carcinoid Tumors 210 Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithrotripsy 211 Anesthesia for Laryngeal Surgery 212 Anesthesia for Brochoscopy 213 Anesthesia for Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 214 Hyperosmolar Coma 215 Anesthesia for Patients with Hepatocellular Disease 216 Acute and Chronic Alcoholism and Anesthesia 217 Anesthesia for Liver Transplantation 218 Anesthesia for Tubal Ligation 219 Complications of Transurethral Resection of the Prostate 220 Anesthesia for Electroconvulsive Therapy 221 Anesthesia for MRI 222 Strabismus Surgery 223 Oculocardiac Reflex 224 Anesthesia for Drug Abusers 225 Chemical Dependency in Anesthesia Personnel 226 Medical Ethics 227 Awareness Under Anesthesia 228 Eye Complications 229 Complications of Endotracheal Intubation 230 Pulmonary Embolism: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment 231 Intraoperative Wheezing: Etiology and Treatment 232 Evaluation of Prolonged Postoperative Arousal 233 Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting 234 Latex Allergy 235 Medical Legal Principles: Medical Negligence 236 Periopreative Pulmonary Aspiration 237 Perioperative Neuropathies in the Upper Extremities 238 Perioperative Neuropathies in the Lower Extremities