PART 1: THE ACADEMIC WRITER1. Thinking as an Academic Writer Explore Through Writing Understand the Process of WritingUnderstand the Rhetorical SituationAnalyze Your AssignmentThink About Your GenreThink About Your MediumThink About Your TopicThink About What Your Readers ExpectThink About Your Credibility2. Reading as an Academic WriterBecome a Critical Reader Become a Critical ViewerAnnotate Academic ReadingsRead ActivelyRecognize FallaciesWrite a SummaryWrite a ParaphraseMove from Reading to InventionStart an Annotated BibliographySynthesize Readings and Visuals3. PlanningMove from a General Topic to a Writing Plan Narrow Your TopicWrite a ThesisMake a Plan4. DraftingDraft with Strategies in Mind Write a Zero DraftDraft From a Working OutlineStart Fast with an Engaging Title and Opening ParagraphDevelop ParagraphsConclude with StrengthLink Within and Across ParagraphsWrite an Essay Exam5. RevisingRevising and Editing Evaluate Your DraftRespond to OthersPay Attention to Details LastRevise Using your Instructor's CommentsPART 2: THE PERSUASIVE WRITER6. ReflectionsWriting a Reflection What Makes a Good Reflection?Reflections About VisualsReading ReflectionsSue Kunitomi Embrey, Some Lines for a Younger Brother . . . David Sedaris, Let it SnowAlisa Valdes-Rodriguez, My Hips, My CacerasAmy Tan, Mother TongueHow to Write a Reflection STUDENT EXAMPLEJanine Carter, The Miracle QuiltProjects7. ObservationsWriting an Observation What Makes a Good Observation?Visual ObservationsReading ObservationsKellie Schmitt, The Old Man Isn't There AnymoreGwendolyn Oxenham, Pelada John Muir, Interview with the Bear Ansel Adams, Photographs of Japanese-Americans at ManzanarNational Park Service, Yellowstone's Geothermal Resources How to Write an Observation STUDENT EXAMPLE (APA Style)Sarah Cuellar, Playing in Traffic: How Parallel Play Helps Preschool Children "Merge" into Group PlayProjects8. Informative Essays and VisualsReporting Information What Makes Good Informative Writing?Informative VisualsReading Informative Writing Katherine Mangan, Is Faster Always Better? Kheehong Song and Allison Cui, Understanding China's Middle Class Shane D. Johnson, Aiden Sitebottom, and Adam Thorpe, Bicycle Theft National Aeronautics and Space Administration, The Current and Future Consequences of Climate Change US Department of Agriculture, MyPlate Brochure John Mitchell, A map of the British and French dominions in North America, 1755How to Write to Inform STUDENT EXAMPLE Lakshmi Kotra, The Life Cycle of StarsProjects9. Rhetorical, Visual, and Literary AnalysesWriting an Analysis Writing a Rhetorical AnalysisWriting a Visual AnalysisWriting a Literary AnalysisReading AnalysesTim Collins, Straight from the HeartDavid T. Z. Mindich, The Collapse of Big Media: The Young and the RestlessFrank Gehry, The Ray and Maria Stata Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Kate Chopin, The Story of an Hour Dagoberto Gilb, Love in LAStudent Literary Analysis: Quandre Brown, Fender-bender Romance in Dagoberto Gilb's "Love in L.A."How to Write an Analysis STUDENT EXAMPLE Chris Gonzalez, Russell Lee's Pie Town PhotographsWriting Arguments10. Causal ArgumentsWriting a Causal Argument What Makes a Good Causal Argument?Visual Causal ArgumentsReading Causal ArgumentsLaura Fraser, The French ParadoxEmily Raine, Why Should I Be Nice To You? Coffee Shops and the Politics of Good ServiceKay S. Hymowitz, The New Girl OrderTom Vanderbilt, Why I Became a Late Merger (and Why You Should Too)How to Write a Causal Argument STUDENT EXAMPLE Armandi Tansel, Modern Warfare: Video Games' Link to Real-World ViolenceProjects11. Evaluation ArgumentsWriting an Evaluation Argument What Makes a Good Evaluation Argument?Visual EvaluationsReading EvaluationsBill McKibben, The Only Way to Have a CowRachel Laudan, In Praise of Fast FoodKatharine Mieszkowski, We Paved ParadiseHow to Write an Evaluation STUDENT EXAMPLE Jenna Picchi, Organic Foods Should Come CleanProjects12. Position ArgumentsWriting a Position Argument What Makes a Good Position Argument?Visual Position ArgumentsReading Position ArgumentsTed Koppel, Take My Privacy, Please! Frederick Douglass, What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July? Michael Pollan, Eat Food, Food Defined Jeff Speck, The Walkability Dividend James Paul Gee, Games, Not Schools, Are Teaching Kids to Think "Are You Pouring on the Pounds?", Food Cops Bust Cookie MonsterHow to Write a Position Argument STUDENT EXAMPLE (MLA Style)Patrice Conley, Flagrant Foul: The NCAA's Definition of Student Athletes as AmateursProjects13. Proposal ArgumentsWriting a Proposal ArgumentWhat Makes a Good Proposal Argument?Visual ProposalsReading Proposal ArgumentsThomas Jefferson, The Declaration of Independence Sunni Brown, The Doodle Revolutionary's ManifestoGlenn Loury, A Nation of Jailers Peter W. Huber, Bound to BurnChris Packham and Mark Wright, Should Pandas Be Left to FaceExtinction?San Francisco Bicycle Coalition, Connecting the City How to Write a Proposal ArgumentSTUDENT EXAMPLE Kim Lee, Let's Make It a Real Melting Pot with Presidential Hopes for AllPART 3: THE MULTIMEDIA WRITER14. Composing in MultimediaCommunicate With Visuals and words Understanding the Process of Composing in MultimediaTake Pictures That Aren't BoringCompose ImagesCreate AudienceCreate VideoCreate a Photo Essay15. Designing for Print and Digital ReadersStart with Your Readers Use Headings and Subheadings EffectivelyDesign PagesUnderstand TypographyEvaluate Your Design16. Delivering Presentations and PortfoliosPlan a PresentationDesign Effective VisualsDeliver a Successful PresentationCreating Portfolios17. Writing for Online CoursesKeep Track of Online Coursework Participate in Online DiscussionsManage Online Writing18. Working as a TeamOrganize a TeamBrainstorm as a TeamWork as a TeamPART 4: THE WRITER AS RESEARCHER 19. Planning ResearchAnalyze the Research Task Ask a QuestionDetermine What You NeedDraft a Working Thesis20. Finding SourcesIdentify the Kinds of Sources That You Need Search Using KeywordsFind Sources in DatabasesFind Sources on the WebFind Multimedia SourcesFind Print SourcesCreate a Working Bibliography21. Evaluating SourcesDetermine the Relevance and Quality of Sources Determine the Kind of SourceDetermine If a Source Is Trustworthy22. Exploring in the FieldConduct InterviewsAdminister SurveysMake Observations23. Writing the Research ProjectWrite a DraftAvoid PlagiarismQuote Sources Without PlagiarizingSummarize and Paraphrase Sources Without PlagiarizingIncorporate QuotationsIncorporate VisualsReview Your Research Project24. MLA DocumentationElements of MLA DocumentationEntries in the Works-cited ListIn-text Citations in MLA StyleBooks in MLA-Style Works CitedSample Works-cited for BooksPeriodicals in MLA-Style Works CitedSample Works-cited for PeriodicalsWeb Sources in MLA-Style Works CitedSample Works-cited for Online SourcesOther Sources in MLA-Style Works CitedVisual Sources in MLA-Style Works CitedSample MLA PaperGeorge AbukarIt's Time to Shut Down the Identity Theft Racket25. APA DocumentationAPA CitationsIn-text Citations in APA StyleBooks in APA-Style References ListPeriodicals in APA-Style References ListWeb Sources in APA-Style References ListOther Sources in APA-Style References ListSample APA PaperBlair ZachariasParking Design Recommendations for Publically Funded Commercial Redevelopment ProjectsPART 5: THE WRITER AS EDITOR26. Writing Effective SentencesPay Attention to Verbs Stay ActiveFocus on People and ActorsWrite Concise Sentences Write Ethical Sentences Match Structure with Ideas Summary for Editing Sentences27. Avoiding ErrorsFix Fragments Fix Run-on SentencesFix Comma Splices Make Verbs Agree with Subjects Make Pronouns Agree Fix Shifts Use Modifiers CorrectlyPlace Modifiers CarefullySummary for Editing for Errors28. Understanding Punctuation and ConventionsIdentify Where Commas Are Needed Place Commas Correctly with Modifiers Place Commas Correctly with Clauses and PhrasesUse Semicolons and Colons Correctly Use Hyphens, Dashes, and Parentheses Correctly Use Quotation Marks Correctly Use Other Punctuation CorrectlyUnderstand Print Conventions Summary for Punctuation and Conventions29. Writing in a Second LanguageUnderstand the Demands of Writing in a Second Language Understand Nouns in English Understand Articles in English Understand Verbs and Modifiers in English Understand English Sentence Structure Summary for Second-language WritersIndex
