Multicriteria Design Optimization

1 Multicriteria Optimization-Fundamentals and Motivation.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.1.1 On the Historical Development of Optimization Techniques.- 1.1.2 Necessity of Applying Optimization Techniques to the Design Process.- 1.1.3 Multicriteria Optimization as a Strategy in the Design Process.- 1.2 Mathematical Fundamentals.- 1.2.1 General Definitions and Notations in Scalar Optimization.- 1.2.2 The Multicriteria Programming Problem.- 1.2.3 The Multicriteria Control Problem.- 1.3 Components and Plants with their Objectives.- 1.3.1 Optimum Design of Highly Accurate Parabolic Antennas.- 1.3.2 Optimal Layout of a Novel Solar Energy Collector.- 1.3.3 Shape Optimization of Satellite Tanks.- 1.3.4 Optimal Shape Design.- 1.3.5 Optimal Layout of Tube-Flange Structures.- 1.4 Conclusion.- References.- I Procedures.- 2 Optimization Procedure SAPOP-A General Tool for Mu1ticriteria Structural Designs.- 2.1 Demands on an Optimization Procedure.- 2.2 Structure of the Optimization Procedure.- 2.2.1 Definitions.- 2.2.2 Three-Columns Concept.- 2.3 Basic Ideas of the Procedure SAPOP.- 2.3.1 Problem Formulation and Input Data.- 2.3.2 SAPOP Main Module.- 2.3.3 Evaluation of the Optimization Results.- 2.4 Optimization Modelling.- 2.4.1 Design Models.- 2.4.2 Evaluation Models.- 2.4.3 Sensitivity Analysis.- 2.5 Description of Two Optimization Algorithms.- 2.5.1 Sequential Linear Programming Method (SEQLI).- 2.5.2 Hybrid Method of Quadratic Programming with Reduced Line-Search Technique (QPRLT).- 2.6 Comparison with other Structural Optimization Software Systems.- 2.7 Application Example.- 2.8 Conclusion.- References.- 3 Interactive Multicriteria Optimization in Design Process.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Interactive Multicriteria Optimization Procedures.- 3.2.1 General Remarks on Classification.- 3.2.2 Approach by Fandel.- 3.2.3 STEP-Method.- 3.2.4 Approach by Jahn.- 3.2.5 Approach by Geoffrion.- 3.3 Software Package DIALOG.- 3.3.1 Basic Structure.- 3.3.2 Interactive MO-Layout of a Conical Shell.- 3.4 Software Package CAMOS.- 3.4.1 Optimization Algorithms Used in CAMOS.- 3.4.2 Multicriteria Strategy Approaches.- 3.4.3 Description of CAMOS.- 3.4.4 Interactive MO-Layouts of a Machine Tool Spindle.- 3.5 Conclusion.- References.- 4. Knowledge Engineering and Multicriteria. Optimization.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Knowledge Engineering.- 4.2.1 General Concept.- 4.2.2 Architecture of a Knowledge-Based System.- 4.3 Role of a Knowledge-Based Approach in Multicriteria Optimization.- 4.4 Knowledge-Based Optimization Formulation.- 4.4.1 Description and Representation of Optimization Problems.- 4.4.2 Mathematical Symbolic Manipulation.- 4.4.3 Mathematical Formulation of Optimization Problems.- 4.5 Knowledge-Based Optimization Control.- 4.5.1 Recognition of Optimization Formulation.- 4.5.2 Optimization Algorithm Selection.- 4.5.3 Knowledge-Based Control in Pareto-Optimal Set Generation.- 4.6 Illustration Example.- 4.6.1 System Implementation.- 4.6.2 Knowledge-Based Optimization Formulation and Recognition.- 4.6.3 Knowledge-Based Control in Pareto-Optimal Set Generation.- 4.7 Conclusion.- References.- II Applications.- 5 Mechanisms and Dynamic Systems.- 5.1 Optimal Counterweight Balancing of Robot Arms Using Multicriteria Approach.- 5.1.1 Introduction.- 5.1.2 Kinetic Model of a Robot Arm.- 5.1.3 Formulation of the Optimization Problem.- 5.1.4 Solution Method.- 5.1.5 Pareto-Optimal Designs.- 5.1.6 Conclusion.- References.- 5.2 Multicriteria Optimization of Computationally Expensive Functions and its Application to Robot Spring Balancing Mechanism Design.- 5.2.1 Introduction.- 5.2.2 General Description of the Method.- 5.2.3 Optimum Design of Spring Balancing Mechanisms of Industrial Robots.- 5.2.4 Computer Aided Optimum Design of a Robot Spring Balancing Mechanism.- 5.2.5 Conclusion.- References.- 5.3 On the Optimal Synthesis of an Automotive Drive Train.- 5.3.1 The Automotive Drive Train.- 5.3.2 The Mechanical Model.- 5.3.3 The Optimization Model.- 5.3.4 The Solution Procedure.- 5.3.5 Results.- 5.3.6 Conclusion.- References.- 5.4 Modelling of Multibody Systems by Means of Optimization Procedures.- 5.4.1 Adapted Models for Elasto-Mechanical Systems.- 5.4.2 Adaptation of the Model as Optimization Procedure.- 5.4.3 Example: Adapted Model for the Reflector of a Parabolic Antenna.- 5.4.4 Conclusion.- References.- 5.5 Approximation Methods in Structural Optimization Using Experimental Designs for Multiple Responses.- 5.5.1 Introduction.- 5.5.2 Experimental Designs in the Case of a Single Response Variable.- 5.5.3 Experimental Designs in the Case of Multiple Responses.- 5.5.4 Model Fitting and Testing.- 5.5.5 Computer Program for Experimental Design.- 5.5.6 Application.- 5.5.7 Conclusion.- References.- 6 Aircraft aril Space Technology.- 6.1 Multicriteria Optimal Layouts of Aircraft and Spacecraft Structures.- 6.1.1 Introduction.- 6.1.2 Optimization Procedure.- 6.1.3 Multicriteria Optimization of a Composite Fin.- 6.1.4 Heat Flux and Frequency Optimization of a Satellite Structure.- 6.1.5 Conclusion.- References.- 6.2 Multicriteria Design of Spacecraft Structures with Special Emphasis on Mass and Stiffness.- 6.2.1 Introduction and Technical Background.- 6.2.2 Problem Statement and Discussion.- 6.2.3 Considerations on Optimality Criteria.- 6.2.4 Solution Strategies.- 6.2.5 Examples of Spacecraft Structural Optimization.- 6.2.6 Conclusion.- References.- 7 Machine Tool Design.- 7.1. Application of Multicriteria Optimization Methods to Machine Tool Structural Design.- 7.1.1 Evaluative Factors of Machine Tools.- 7.1.2 Competitive and Cooperative Relationships between Evaluative Factors.- 7.1.3 Design Optimization Procedures.- 7.1.4 Application Examples.- 7.1.5 Conclusion.- References.- 7.2 Decomposition Method for Multicriteria Optimization and its Application to Machine Tool Spindle Design.- 7.2.1 Introduction.- 7.2.2 Four-Stage Multicriteria Optimization Strategy.- 7.2.3 Application of the Strategy to the Design of a Machine Tool Spindle System with Hydrostatic Bearings.- 7.2.4 Numerical Example.- 7.2.5 Conclusion.- References.- 8 Metal Forming and Cast Metal Technology.- 8.1 Optimal Die Design for Symmetric Strip Drawing.- 8.1.1. Introduction and Review.- 8.1.2 The Mathematical Model.- 8.1.3 The Ubiquitous Conical Die.- 8.1.4 Conclusion.- References.- 8.2 Optimal Layouts of Chilled Cast-Iron High Quality Rollers.- 8.2.1 Introduction.- 8.2.2 Definition of the Optimization Problem.- 8.2.3 Structural Analysis.- 8.2.4 Realization of an Optimization Loop.- 8.2.5 Optimization Results.- 8.2.6 Conclusion.- Acknowledgement.- References.- 8.3 A Mechanical Model for the Optimization and Simulation of the Metal Forming Process in Roller Levelling of Sheets.- 8.3.1 Introduction.- 8.3.2 Mechanical Model.- 8.3.3 Formulation of the Optimization Problem.- 8.3.4 Results and Discussion.- References.- 9 Civil and Architectural Engineering.- 9.1 Multicriteria Optimization of Concrete Beams, Trusses, and Cable Structures.- 9.1.1 Introduction.- 9.1.2 Optimization of a Prestressed Concrete I-Beam.- 9.1.3 Optimization of Isostatic Trusses.- 9.1.4 Optimization of Cable Structures.- 9.1.5 Further Applications of Muticriteria Optimization.- References.- 9.2 Design Decision Making Using Pareto-Optimal Dynamic Programming.- 9.2.1 The Stage-State Model of Optimization.- 9.2.2 Dynamic Programming.- 9.2.3 The Computer System - SID.- 9.2.4 A Building Design Example Using SID.- 9.2.5 Conclusion.- References.- 10 Structures Made of Advanced Materials.- 10.1 Fibre-Reinforced Plate and Shell Structures under Various Loads - Proposals for their Optimization.- 10.1.1 Introduction.- 10.1.2 Structural Modelling and Analysis.- 10.1.3 Objective Functions - Design Variables - Constraints.- 10.1.4 Examples of Application.- 10.1.5 Conclusion.- References.- 10.2 Multicriteria Thermoelastic Design of Antisymmetric Angle-Ply Laminates.- 10.2.1 Introduction.- 10.2.2 Thermoelastic Buckling and Bending Equations.- 10.2.3 Multicriteria Design Problem.- 10.2.4 Solution Method.- 10.2.5 Numerical Results.- 10.2.6 Conclusion.- References.- 10.3 Multicriteria Optimization and Advanced Materials in Telescope Design.- 10.3.1 Motivation and Problem Formulation.- 10.3.2 Program System for Structural Analysis and Optimization.- 10.3.3 Application to a Submillimeter-Telescope.- 10.3.4 Conclusion and Future Prospects.- References.- 10.4 Multicriteria Design of Ceramic Components.- 10.4.1 Introduction.- 10.4.2 Structural Analysis and Reliability of Ceramic Components.- 10.4.3 Multicriteria Shape Optimization Problem.- 10.4.4 Pareto-Optima of Ceramic Cantilever.- 10.4.5 Design of a Ceramic Piston Crown.- 10.4.6 Conclusion.- References.- Author Index.