Interdomain Multicast Routing
Practical Juniper Networks and Cisco Systems Solutions: Practical Juniper Networks and Cisco Systems Solutions
Published on 8. May 2002
Book
Paperback/Softback
384 pages
978-0-201-74612-9 (ISBN)
Description
IP multicast is rapidly coming of age: its principles are solid, its protocols are being finalized, and it is increasingly being implemented in real-world ISP and enterprise networks. Now, a team of Juniper Networks IP multicast experts have written the most authoritative and up-to-date guide to IP multicast implementation.KEY TOPICS:This book covers everything network professionals must know about IP multicast protocols, applications, network design and integration, deployment, configuration, and management. The authors, who support many of the world's largest IP multicast networks, also offer never-before-published solutions to the key challenges and pitfalls encountered by early implementers. They review the goals and fundamental principles of IP multicasting, then introduce all new IP multicast protocols, including DVMRP, PIM-DM, PIM-SM, MSDP, multiprotocol extensions to BGP; SSM, M-ISIS, and more. Next, they demonstrate the configuration of Internet -based multicasting on both Juniper and Cisco routers; and present a detailed case study.MARKET:For network engineers and designers; network backbone engineers; technical leaders at ISPs and large enterprise networks; and network professionals connecting to backbones that support IP multicast.
More details
Persons
Brian M. Edwards is a customer support engineer for accounts in Juniper Networks' Technical Assistance Center, where he troubleshoots problems affecting the largest ISP networks. He holds the highest level of both Juniper Networks and Cisco Systems certifications (CCIE #6187 and JNCIE #9), and a B.S. in Computer Engineering from the University of Florida.
Leonard A. Giuliano is a systems engineer for Juniper Networks, supporting large ISPs in the architecture, design, and operation of backbone networks. Leonard specializes in IP multicast, IP core routing, and traffic engineering. He previously worked as a multicast architect for SprintLink, the world's first native multicast-enabled Internet backbone. Leonard is coauthor of multiple published documents on multicast networking, including the IETF's Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) Framework specification. He is also a member of the IETF's MSDP Design Team. He earned his B.S.E. in Electrical Engineering from Duke University.
Brian R. Wright is a technical writer specializing in message-based computer operating systems and large financial transaction-processing applications. His clients include EDS, Exxon-Mobil, National Bank of Detroit, and MasterCard International. He is a member of the S.E. Michigan Society for Technical Communication and acquired his B.S.M.E. at Wayne State University.
0201746123AB04022002
Leonard A. Giuliano is a systems engineer for Juniper Networks, supporting large ISPs in the architecture, design, and operation of backbone networks. Leonard specializes in IP multicast, IP core routing, and traffic engineering. He previously worked as a multicast architect for SprintLink, the world's first native multicast-enabled Internet backbone. Leonard is coauthor of multiple published documents on multicast networking, including the IETF's Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) Framework specification. He is also a member of the IETF's MSDP Design Team. He earned his B.S.E. in Electrical Engineering from Duke University.
Brian R. Wright is a technical writer specializing in message-based computer operating systems and large financial transaction-processing applications. His clients include EDS, Exxon-Mobil, National Bank of Detroit, and MasterCard International. He is a member of the S.E. Michigan Society for Technical Communication and acquired his B.S.M.E. at Wayne State University.
0201746123AB04022002
Content
Foreword.
Preface.
1. Interdomain Multicast Fundamentals.
What Is Multicast?
Internetworking Basics.
Multicast Basics.
Reverse Path Forwarding.
Populating the RPF Table.
Interdomain Multicast Routing.
Where Is Multicast?
Multicast on the LAN.
IGMP.
IGMP Proxying.
Layer 3 to Layer 2 Mapping.
Layer 2 Switches.
ASM versus SSM.
Addressing Issues.
Applications.
Multicast Performance in Routers.
RP Load.
Disclaimers and Fine Print.
Why Multicast?
Multicast Lacks the "Killer App".
The Content versus Audience Chicken-and-Egg Scenario.
The "How Do We Charge for It?" Syndrome.
Multicast Protocols Are Complex and May Break the Unicast Network.
Cannibalization of Unicast Bandwidth Revenues.
End-to-End Connectivity Required.
Lack of Successful Models.
Not Ready for Prime-Time Television.
Susceptibility to DoS.
Unfriendly Last Mile Technologies, Less Friendly Firewalls.
The Need for Multicast.
Final Outlook.
2. IMR Overview.
Receiving Multicast Traffic: IGMP from the Perspective of the Host.
Detecting Multicast Receivers: IGMP from the Perspective of the Router.
Generating Multicast Traffic.
Detecting Multicast Sources.
Routing Multicast Traffic within a Domain Using PIM-SM.
Phase 1: Building the RPT That Delivers Packets from the RP to Interested Listeners.
Phase 2: Building the Distribution Tree that Delivers Packets from the Source to the RP.
Phase 3: Building the SPT that Delivers Packets Directly from the Source to the Interested Listeners.
Routing Multicast Traffic across Multiple Domains with MSDP.
MSDP in the Example Network.
Populating a Routing Table Dedicated to RPF Checks with MBGP.
MBGP in the Example Network.
3. Multicast Routing Protocols.
Dense Protocols.
DVMRP.
PIM-DM.
Sparse Protocols.
Sparse-Dense Mode.
4. Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode (PIM-SM).
Specifications.
PIM Versions.
Version 1.
Version 2.
Group-to-RP Mapping.
Static Group-to-RP Mapping.
Dynamic Group-to-RP Mapping: Cisco Systems Auto-RP.
Dynamic Group-to-RP Mapping: PIM Bootstrap.
Anycast RP.
PIM Register Message Processing.
Distribution Tree Construction and Teardown.
Scenario 1: Source Comes Online First, Then a Receiver Joins.
Scenario 2: Second Receiver Joins after SPT Is Set Up for Another Receiver.
Scenario 3: Receiver Ends Group Membership.
Scenario 4: Conference Model.
Designated Routers and Hello Messages.
PIM Assert Messages.
Multicast Scoping.
5. Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP).
Introduction.
MSDP Operation.
MSDP Peering Sessions.
The MSDP SA Message.
Determining the RPF Peer.
The Current Versions RPF-Peer Rules.
RPF Rules from Draft Version 2
Avoiding Pitfalls.
Mesh Groups.
MSDP Policy.
SA Storms, Ramen, and MSDP Rate Limiting.
Outlook for MSDP.
6. Source-Specific Multicast (SSM).
Introduction.
Overview of SSM Operation.
SSM Addresses.
RPF in SSM.
Advantages and Disadvantages of SSM.
IGMPv3 in SSM.
IGMP Version Compatibility.
PIM-SM in SSM.
7. Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP (MBGP).
Overview.
Other Ways to Populate the Multicast RPF Table.
Juniper Networks and Cisco Systems Conventions.
Recursive Lookup for BGP Next Hops.
BGP and Related Terminology.
BGP Internals-Foundation for Understanding MBGP.
NLRI.
BGP Route Selection.
Extending BGP: MBGP.
MBGP Internals.
BGP Capabilities Negotiation.
New Path Attributes in MBGP.
Using MGBP for Multicast Routing.
Manipulation of Path Attributes.
8. Multitopology Routing in Intermediate System to Intermediate System (M-ISIS).
Overview of IS-IS.
IS-IS Background8.1.2 ISO Addresses
IS-IS Areas and Levels.
Type Length Values (TLVs).
Specifics of IS-IS.
IS-IS Packets.
IS-IS Neighbor State Machine on Point- to-Point Links.
IS-IS on Multiaccess Networks.
Exchanging Link-State Information with Neighbors.
Interarea Leaking.
Extending TLVs.
Overview of M-ISIS.
Specifics of M-ISIS.
Forming Adjacencies.
M-ISIS TLVs.
Examples of Using M-ISIS.
9. Configuring and Verifying Multicast Routing on Juniper Networks Routers.
Configuring IGMP and PIM.
Enabling Interfaces for IGMP and PIM.
SSM Group Range.
The Tunnel PIC and the pe and pd Interfaces.
Configuring Static Group-to-RP Mapping.
Configuring the PIM Bootstrap Mechanism.
Configuring Auto-RP.
Configuring Anycast RP.
Monitoring PIM Join State and Multicast Forwarding.
Configuring MSDP.
Configuring a Dedicated RPF Table.
Configuring MBGP.
Configuring M-ISIS.
Configuring OSPF to Place Routes in inet.2.
Configuring DVMRP to Provide RPF Information to PIM.
10. Configuring and Verifying Multicast Routing on Cisco Systems Routers.
Configuring PIM and IGMP.
Enabling Interfaces for IGMP and PIM.
SSM Group Range.
Configuring Static RP.
Configuring the PIM-SM Bootstrap Mechanism.
Configuring Auto-RP.
Configuring Anycast RP.
Monitoring PIM Join State and Multicast Forwarding.
Configuring MSDP.
Configuring a Dedicated RPF Table.
Configuring MBGP.
Configuring DVMRP to Provide RPF Information to PIM.
11. Case Study: Service Provider Native Deployment.
Network Architecture.
PIM-SM.
IGP.
MBGP.
MSDP.
ISP Router Configurations.
ISP RP Configuration: Juniper Networks.
ISP RP Configuration: Cisco Systems.
ISP Non-RP Configuration: Juniper Networks.
ISP Non-RP Configuration: Cisco Systems.
Customer Router Configurations.
Customer Without RP Configuration: Juniper Networks.
Customer Without RP Configuration: Cisco Systems.
Customer RP Configuration: Juniper Networks.
Customer RP Configuration: Cisco Systems.
SSM-Only Domain.
SSM-Only Configuration: Juniper Networks.
SSM-Only Configuration: Cisco Systems.
12. Management Tools for Multicast Networks.
SNMP MIBs.
Multicast Routing MIB (ipMRouteStdMIB).
IGMP MIB (igmpStdMIB).
PIM MIB (pimMIB).
MSDP MIB (msdpMIB).
The mtrace Facility.
The MSDP Traceroute Facility.
13. Other Related Topics.
Border Gateway Multicast Protocol (BGMP).
Multicast Address Set Claim Protocol (MASC).
Bi-Directional PIM (Bi-Dir PIM).
Multicast Data Packets and Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP).
Appendix A. IGMP Packet Formats.
IGMP Version 3 Packet Formats.
IGMP Version 2 Packet Formats.
IGMP Version 1 Packet Formats.
Appendix B. PIM Packet Formats.
PIM Version 2 Packet Formats.
PIM Version 1 Packet Formats.
Appendix C. MSDP Packet Formats.
MSDP Packet Formats.
Glossary.
Bibliography.
About the Authors.
Index. 0201746123T04022002
Preface.
1. Interdomain Multicast Fundamentals.
What Is Multicast?
Internetworking Basics.
Multicast Basics.
Reverse Path Forwarding.
Populating the RPF Table.
Interdomain Multicast Routing.
Where Is Multicast?
Multicast on the LAN.
IGMP.
IGMP Proxying.
Layer 3 to Layer 2 Mapping.
Layer 2 Switches.
ASM versus SSM.
Addressing Issues.
Applications.
Multicast Performance in Routers.
RP Load.
Disclaimers and Fine Print.
Why Multicast?
Multicast Lacks the "Killer App".
The Content versus Audience Chicken-and-Egg Scenario.
The "How Do We Charge for It?" Syndrome.
Multicast Protocols Are Complex and May Break the Unicast Network.
Cannibalization of Unicast Bandwidth Revenues.
End-to-End Connectivity Required.
Lack of Successful Models.
Not Ready for Prime-Time Television.
Susceptibility to DoS.
Unfriendly Last Mile Technologies, Less Friendly Firewalls.
The Need for Multicast.
Final Outlook.
2. IMR Overview.
Receiving Multicast Traffic: IGMP from the Perspective of the Host.
Detecting Multicast Receivers: IGMP from the Perspective of the Router.
Generating Multicast Traffic.
Detecting Multicast Sources.
Routing Multicast Traffic within a Domain Using PIM-SM.
Phase 1: Building the RPT That Delivers Packets from the RP to Interested Listeners.
Phase 2: Building the Distribution Tree that Delivers Packets from the Source to the RP.
Phase 3: Building the SPT that Delivers Packets Directly from the Source to the Interested Listeners.
Routing Multicast Traffic across Multiple Domains with MSDP.
MSDP in the Example Network.
Populating a Routing Table Dedicated to RPF Checks with MBGP.
MBGP in the Example Network.
3. Multicast Routing Protocols.
Dense Protocols.
DVMRP.
PIM-DM.
Sparse Protocols.
Sparse-Dense Mode.
4. Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode (PIM-SM).
Specifications.
PIM Versions.
Version 1.
Version 2.
Group-to-RP Mapping.
Static Group-to-RP Mapping.
Dynamic Group-to-RP Mapping: Cisco Systems Auto-RP.
Dynamic Group-to-RP Mapping: PIM Bootstrap.
Anycast RP.
PIM Register Message Processing.
Distribution Tree Construction and Teardown.
Scenario 1: Source Comes Online First, Then a Receiver Joins.
Scenario 2: Second Receiver Joins after SPT Is Set Up for Another Receiver.
Scenario 3: Receiver Ends Group Membership.
Scenario 4: Conference Model.
Designated Routers and Hello Messages.
PIM Assert Messages.
Multicast Scoping.
5. Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP).
Introduction.
MSDP Operation.
MSDP Peering Sessions.
The MSDP SA Message.
Determining the RPF Peer.
The Current Versions RPF-Peer Rules.
RPF Rules from Draft Version 2
Avoiding Pitfalls.
Mesh Groups.
MSDP Policy.
SA Storms, Ramen, and MSDP Rate Limiting.
Outlook for MSDP.
6. Source-Specific Multicast (SSM).
Introduction.
Overview of SSM Operation.
SSM Addresses.
RPF in SSM.
Advantages and Disadvantages of SSM.
IGMPv3 in SSM.
IGMP Version Compatibility.
PIM-SM in SSM.
7. Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP (MBGP).
Overview.
Other Ways to Populate the Multicast RPF Table.
Juniper Networks and Cisco Systems Conventions.
Recursive Lookup for BGP Next Hops.
BGP and Related Terminology.
BGP Internals-Foundation for Understanding MBGP.
NLRI.
BGP Route Selection.
Extending BGP: MBGP.
MBGP Internals.
BGP Capabilities Negotiation.
New Path Attributes in MBGP.
Using MGBP for Multicast Routing.
Manipulation of Path Attributes.
8. Multitopology Routing in Intermediate System to Intermediate System (M-ISIS).
Overview of IS-IS.
IS-IS Background8.1.2 ISO Addresses
IS-IS Areas and Levels.
Type Length Values (TLVs).
Specifics of IS-IS.
IS-IS Packets.
IS-IS Neighbor State Machine on Point- to-Point Links.
IS-IS on Multiaccess Networks.
Exchanging Link-State Information with Neighbors.
Interarea Leaking.
Extending TLVs.
Overview of M-ISIS.
Specifics of M-ISIS.
Forming Adjacencies.
M-ISIS TLVs.
Examples of Using M-ISIS.
9. Configuring and Verifying Multicast Routing on Juniper Networks Routers.
Configuring IGMP and PIM.
Enabling Interfaces for IGMP and PIM.
SSM Group Range.
The Tunnel PIC and the pe and pd Interfaces.
Configuring Static Group-to-RP Mapping.
Configuring the PIM Bootstrap Mechanism.
Configuring Auto-RP.
Configuring Anycast RP.
Monitoring PIM Join State and Multicast Forwarding.
Configuring MSDP.
Configuring a Dedicated RPF Table.
Configuring MBGP.
Configuring M-ISIS.
Configuring OSPF to Place Routes in inet.2.
Configuring DVMRP to Provide RPF Information to PIM.
10. Configuring and Verifying Multicast Routing on Cisco Systems Routers.
Configuring PIM and IGMP.
Enabling Interfaces for IGMP and PIM.
SSM Group Range.
Configuring Static RP.
Configuring the PIM-SM Bootstrap Mechanism.
Configuring Auto-RP.
Configuring Anycast RP.
Monitoring PIM Join State and Multicast Forwarding.
Configuring MSDP.
Configuring a Dedicated RPF Table.
Configuring MBGP.
Configuring DVMRP to Provide RPF Information to PIM.
11. Case Study: Service Provider Native Deployment.
Network Architecture.
PIM-SM.
IGP.
MBGP.
MSDP.
ISP Router Configurations.
ISP RP Configuration: Juniper Networks.
ISP RP Configuration: Cisco Systems.
ISP Non-RP Configuration: Juniper Networks.
ISP Non-RP Configuration: Cisco Systems.
Customer Router Configurations.
Customer Without RP Configuration: Juniper Networks.
Customer Without RP Configuration: Cisco Systems.
Customer RP Configuration: Juniper Networks.
Customer RP Configuration: Cisco Systems.
SSM-Only Domain.
SSM-Only Configuration: Juniper Networks.
SSM-Only Configuration: Cisco Systems.
12. Management Tools for Multicast Networks.
SNMP MIBs.
Multicast Routing MIB (ipMRouteStdMIB).
IGMP MIB (igmpStdMIB).
PIM MIB (pimMIB).
MSDP MIB (msdpMIB).
The mtrace Facility.
The MSDP Traceroute Facility.
13. Other Related Topics.
Border Gateway Multicast Protocol (BGMP).
Multicast Address Set Claim Protocol (MASC).
Bi-Directional PIM (Bi-Dir PIM).
Multicast Data Packets and Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP).
Appendix A. IGMP Packet Formats.
IGMP Version 3 Packet Formats.
IGMP Version 2 Packet Formats.
IGMP Version 1 Packet Formats.
Appendix B. PIM Packet Formats.
PIM Version 2 Packet Formats.
PIM Version 1 Packet Formats.
Appendix C. MSDP Packet Formats.
MSDP Packet Formats.
Glossary.
Bibliography.
About the Authors.
Index. 0201746123T04022002