Forest and Protection

Part 1 The concept of forest health: definitions of forest health; characteristics of a healthy forest; symptoms of forest health problems; possible causes of forest health problems; current health status of the world's forests; the influence of forest management and other human activities on forest health -case studies; forest health monitoring networks; conclusions. Part 2 Ecological principles: forest biomes; production ecology succession; ecosystem management. Part 3 Fire as a physical process: the elements of fire behaviour; fire behaviour prediction. Part 4 Fire ecology and fire regimes: fire adaptations of plants; predicting tree mortality from fire; fire regimes of North America; ponderous pine forests; coastal douglas fir forests; western sub-alpine forests; longleaf pine; jack pine forests. Part 5 Organizing for fire management: evolution of fire policy; responsibilities for fire protection; fire prevention and detection; fire suppression. Part 6 Fire strategies for forest health: forest structure and fire behaviour; prescribed fire; managed wildland fire (PNF); constraints to fire use. Part 7 Wind and forest health: wind as a physical process; wind effects on trees; forest management strategies; synergistic effects. Part 8 Introduction to diseases: definition of disease and types of diseases; a brief history of forest pathology; impact of diseases; the disease triangle, square or tetrahedron; the concept of pathogens, parasites, saprophytes and symbiotic relationships; signs and symptoms of diseases; linkages between diseases, insects, fire and wind; diseases in urban forests and street trees; forest pathology books. Part 9 Abiotic (non-biological) and animal caused injuries: the pattern of abiotic injuries; injuries caused by temperature extremes; low and high moisture and low soil oxygen; global change; air pollution; herbicides; mechanical injuries; nutrient imbalances and elemental toxicities; fire; salt injury; animal damage. Part 10 Disease causing organisms: features of disease causing organisms; classification, life cycles and diseases caused by fungi; spread and ecology of fungi. Part 11 Nursery diseases and mycorrhizae: selection of nursery sites; abiotic injuries; biotic diseases; management of seedling diseases; mycorrhizae. Part 12 Root diseases: types and causes of root diseases; symptoms, signs, hosts, distribution and spread of root diseases; interactions betwen root diseases, insects and fire; root diseases and disease/bark beetle interactions; conclusions. Part 13 Foliage diseases and rusts: foliage diseases; rusts. Part 14 Stem and branch diseases: mistletoes; cankers; galls and other malformations; decay; vascular wilts; stains. Part 15 Forest declines: the concept of decline diseases. Part 16 Management of forest diseases and the deterioration of wood products: forest disease management; integration of disease, insect and fire management; modelling forest disease. Part 17 Introduction to forest entomology. Part 18