Fire Design of Steel Structures

INTRODUCTION Relations between different Eurocodes Scope of EN 1993-1-2 MECHANICAL LOADING General Examples Indirect actions THERMAL ACTION Nominal temperature-time curves Parametric temperature-time curves Zone models; CFD models Localized fires External members TEMPERATURE IN STEEL SECTIONS The heat conduction equation and its boundary conditions Advanced calculation model. Finite element solution of the heat conduction equation Section factor Temperature of unprotected steelwork exposed to fire Temperature of protected steelwork exposed to fire Internal steelwork in a void protected by heat screens External steelwork Example View factors in the concave part of a steel profile Temperature in steel members subjected to localized fires Temperature in stainless steel members Example MECHANICAL ANALYSIS Basic principles 99 Mechanical properties of carbon steel 104 Classification of cross-sections 109 Fire resistance of structural members 118 Tension members; Compression members; Shear resistance; Laterally restrained beams; Laterally unrestrained beams; Members with Class 1, 2 or 3 cross-sections, subjected to combined bending and axial compression; Members with Class 4 cross-sections; Some verifications of the fire resistance not covered by EN 1993-1-2 Design in the temperature domain. Critical temperature Design of continuous beams Fire resistance of structural stainless steel members Design examples ADVANCED CALCULATION MODELS Thermal response model Mechanical response model JOINTS Strength of bolts and welds at elevated temperature Temperature of joints in fire Bolted connections Design fire resistance of welds Design examples THE COMPUTER PROGRAM "ELEFIR-EN" Brief description of the program Default constants used in the program Design example CASE STUDY Fire resistance under standard fire Thermal calculations Structural calculation Fire resistance under natural fire Temperature development in the compartment REFERENCES ANNEX A THERMAL DATA FOR CARBON STEEL AND STAINLESS STEEL SECTIONS A.1. Thermal properties of carbon steel A.2. Section factor Am / V [m-1] for unprotected steel members A.3. Section factor Ap / V [m-1] for protected steel members A.4. Tables and nomograms for evaluating the temperature in unprotected steel members subjected to the standard fire curve ISO 834 A.5. Tables and nomograms for evaluating the temperature in protected steel members subjected to the standard fire curve ISO 834 A.6. Thermal properties of some fire protection materials A.7. Thermal properties of stainless steel A.7.1. Specific heat A.7.2. Thermal conductivity A.7.3. Thermal elongation A.8. Tables and nomograms for evaluating the temperature in unprotected stainless steel members subjected to the standard fire curve ISO 834 A.9. Thermal properties of some fire compartment lining materials ANNEX B INPUT DATA FOR NATURAL FIRE MODELS B.1. Introduction B.2. Fire load density B.3. Rate of heat release density B.4. Ventilation control B.5. Flash-over ANNEX C MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CARBON STEEL AND STAINLESS STEEL C.1 Mechanical properties of carbon steel C.1.1. Mechanical properties of carbon steel at room temperature (20ºC) C.1.2. Stress-strain relationship for carbon steel at elevated temperatures (without strain-hardening) C.1.3. Stress-strain relationship for carbon steel at elevated temperatures (with strain-hardening) C.1.4. Mechanical properties to be used with Class 4 cross-section and simple calculation models C.2. Mechanical properties of stainless steel ANNEX D TABLES FOR SECTION CLASSIFICATION AND EFFECTIVE WIDTH EVALUATION ANNEX E SECTION FACTORS OF EUROPEAN HOT ROLLED IPE AND HE PROFILES ANNEX F CROSS-SECTIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF EUROPEAN HOT ROLLED IPE AND HE PROFILES F.1. Cross-sectional classification for pure compression and pure bending F.2. Cross-sectional classification for combined, compression and bending moment