Digital Witness
Using Open Source Information for Human Rights Investigation, Documentation, and Accountability
Published on 26. December 2019
Book
Hardback
384 pages
978-0-19-883606-3 (ISBN)
Description
From videos of rights violations, to satellite images of environmental degradation, to eyewitness accounts disseminated on social media, human rights practitioners have access to more data today than ever before. To say that mobile technologies, social media, and increased connectivity are having a significant impact on human rights practice would be an understatement. Modern technology - and the enhanced access it provides to information about abuse - has the potential to revolutionise human rights reporting and documentation, as well as the pursuit of legal accountability.
However, these new methods for information gathering and dissemination have also created significant challenges for investigators and researchers. For example, videos and photographs depicting alleged human rights violations or war crimes are often captured on the mobile phones of victims or political sympathisers. The capture and dissemination of content often happens haphazardly, and for a variety of motivations, including raising awareness of the plight of those who have been most affected, or for advocacy purposes with the goal of mobilising international public opinion. For this content to be of use to investigators it must be discovered, verified, and authenticated. Discovery, verification, and authentication have, therefore, become critical skills for human rights organisations and human rights lawyers.
This book is the first to cover the history, ethics, methods, and best-practice associated with open source research. It is intended to equip the next generation of lawyers, journalists, sociologists, data scientists, other human rights activists, and researchers with the cutting-edge skills needed to work in an increasingly digitized, and information-saturated environment.
However, these new methods for information gathering and dissemination have also created significant challenges for investigators and researchers. For example, videos and photographs depicting alleged human rights violations or war crimes are often captured on the mobile phones of victims or political sympathisers. The capture and dissemination of content often happens haphazardly, and for a variety of motivations, including raising awareness of the plight of those who have been most affected, or for advocacy purposes with the goal of mobilising international public opinion. For this content to be of use to investigators it must be discovered, verified, and authenticated. Discovery, verification, and authentication have, therefore, become critical skills for human rights organisations and human rights lawyers.
This book is the first to cover the history, ethics, methods, and best-practice associated with open source research. It is intended to equip the next generation of lawyers, journalists, sociologists, data scientists, other human rights activists, and researchers with the cutting-edge skills needed to work in an increasingly digitized, and information-saturated environment.
Reviews / Votes
In this compelling volume, beautifully edited by Sam Dubberley, Alexa Koenig, and Daragh Murray - and featuring the contributions of leading scholars, experts, journalists and lawyers - the role technology can now play in sharpening our investigations into gross human rights abuses is examined in commendable detail. The contributors to Digital Witness have, much to their credit, analyzed meticulously all significant and relevant angles. It is a volume that will fast become the standard text for anyone interested in human rights, the collection of evidence in the digital age, and the prosecution of those who perpetrate gross human rights violations. * Prince Zeid Raad Al Hussein, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (2014-2018) * Digital Witness demonstrates, as no other volume has done, how the digital age has opened up vast new opportunities for accountability. It shows how journalists and human rights researchers are solving mysteries that once seemed unsolvable, from responsibility for terrorism to the identity of perpetrators and victims of international crimes. Fact-finders no longer only travel to the front-lines of battle or trudge through dusty archives; they can learn, verify, preserve and explain using openly available digital tools. With expert input from around the world, Digital Witness is bound to become a key source for open source investigators -- and for students and professionals aiming to make visible what previously has only been hidden. * David Kaye, United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Promotion and Protection of the Right to Freedom of Opinion and Expression * Digital Witness is an essential piece of guidance/reading, as it captures what anyone who believes in the truth as a tool for justice, must know. In a world rife with disinformation and overwhelmed with large volumes of videos documenting human rights abuses, this book pragmatically and effectively provides us with roadmap to make it possible for a "cameras everywhere" world to lead to/become a just world. For anyone who is a civic witness, an investigator, an activist, or a lawyer, or an ordinary person who has ever seen or shared an eye witness account capturing a human rights abuse, Digital Witness is essential reading. What the authors have done is make us understand the very concrete ways that open source information can deliver justice - it is both an essential roadmap and a much needed guide. So that, when the world witnesses human rights crimes, the promise of technology in service of human rights, can be realized. * Yvette Alberdingk Thijm, Executive Director of WITNESS * The acceleration of armed conflict has also amplified the information it generates. [...] in near real time, as events unfold and on the terms of those producing them. This creates and embroils them in a secondary conflict [...]. When attempting to analyse and investigate events, noise, propaganda, disinformation and bias get dangerously entangled with valuable first-hand testimonies. Human rights investigators and conflict monitors must therefore match the speed of contemporary conflict and the agility of information technologies. They can no longer afford to only engage with the gathering of testimonies well after the fact, but must develop skills in real time analysis [...]. How great it is, then, that the editors of this book have gathered a group of pioneering practitioners and scholars, to produce what is a guide book for both activists and investigators and for all students of our saturated visual cultures. * Eyal Weizman, Director of Forensic Architecture *More details
Language
English
Place of publication
Oxford
United Kingdom
Target group
Professional and scholarly
Dimensions
Height: 250 mm
Width: 175 mm
Thickness: 25 mm
Weight
837 gr
ISBN-13
978-0-19-883606-3 (9780198836063)
Copyright in bibliographic data and cover images is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or by the publishers or by their respective licensors: all rights reserved.
Schweitzer Classification
Other editions
Additional editions
Sam Dubberley | Alexa Koenig | Daragh Murray
Digital Witness
Using Open Source Information for Human Rights Investigation, Documentation, and Accountability
E-Book
12/2019
1st Edition
OUP eBook
€27.49
Available for download
Sam Dubberley | Alexa Koenig | Daragh Murray
Digital Witness
Using Open Source Information for Human Rights Investigation, Documentation, and Accountability
E-Book
12/2019
1st Edition
OUP eBook
€27.49
Available for download
Persons
Sam Dubberley is a research consultant with the Human Rights Big Data and Technology project at the University of Essex, and Special Adviser in the Crisis Response team at Amnesty International. Sam worked for more than a decade in broadcast journalism, and was head of News Exchange at the European Broadcasting Union between 2010 and 2013. He is a fellow of the Tow Center for Digital Journalism at Columbia University, a founding partner of First Draft News, which gives practical and ethical guidance in how to find, verify and publish content sourced from the social web. He is also a part of the Open Source for Human Rights project team at Swansea University.
Alexa Koenig is the executive director of the Human Rights Center (winner of the 2015 MacArthur Award for Creative and Effective Institutions), and a lecturer at UC, Berkeley. She co-founded the Human Rights Investigations Lab which trains students to use open source methods to advance human rights. She is a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science's Committee on Scientific Freedom and Responsibility, co-chair of the World Economic Forum's Global Future Council on Technology and Human Rights, and a member of the Technology Advisory Board of the International Criminal Court's Office of the Prosecutor. She has a JD from the University of San Francisco and an MA and a PhD from UC Berkeley.
Daragh Murray is Senior Lecturer at the University of Essex School of Law and Human Rights Centre, and the Director of the Digital Verification Unit based at the Human Rights Centre Clinic. His research focuses on issues relating to conflict and counter-terrorism, as regulated by the law of armed conflict and international human rights law. He has a particular interest in the regulation and engagement of non-State armed groups, and in the use of technology, particularly in an intelligence agency and law enforcement context. He is a former Government of Ireland IRCHSS Research Scholar, and has a PhD in Law from the University of Essex, an LLM in International Human Rights Law from the Irish Centre for Human Rights, and an MSc in Computer Security and Forensics from Dublin City University.
Alexa Koenig is the executive director of the Human Rights Center (winner of the 2015 MacArthur Award for Creative and Effective Institutions), and a lecturer at UC, Berkeley. She co-founded the Human Rights Investigations Lab which trains students to use open source methods to advance human rights. She is a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science's Committee on Scientific Freedom and Responsibility, co-chair of the World Economic Forum's Global Future Council on Technology and Human Rights, and a member of the Technology Advisory Board of the International Criminal Court's Office of the Prosecutor. She has a JD from the University of San Francisco and an MA and a PhD from UC Berkeley.
Daragh Murray is Senior Lecturer at the University of Essex School of Law and Human Rights Centre, and the Director of the Digital Verification Unit based at the Human Rights Centre Clinic. His research focuses on issues relating to conflict and counter-terrorism, as regulated by the law of armed conflict and international human rights law. He has a particular interest in the regulation and engagement of non-State armed groups, and in the use of technology, particularly in an intelligence agency and law enforcement context. He is a former Government of Ireland IRCHSS Research Scholar, and has a PhD in Law from the University of Essex, an LLM in International Human Rights Law from the Irish Centre for Human Rights, and an MSc in Computer Security and Forensics from Dublin City University.
Editor
Research ConsultantResearch Consultant, Human Rights, Big Data and Technology Project, University of Essex and Special Advisor Crisis Response, Amnesty International
Executive DirectorExecutive Director, Human Rights Center, UC Berkeley
Senior LecturerSenior Lecturer, School of Law & Human Rights Centre, University of Essex
Content
Aryeh Neier: Foreword
Section One
Sam Dubberley, Alexa Koenig, Daragh Murray: Introduction
1: Christoph Koettl, Daragh Murray, Sam Dubberley: The History of the Use of Open Source Investigation for Human Rights Reporting
2: Alexa Koenig: The History of Open Source Investigations for Legal Accountability
3: Lindsay Freeman: Prosecuting Grave International Crimes Using Open Source Evidence: Lessons from the International Criminal Court
4: Ella McPherson, Isabel Guenette Thornton, Matt Mahmoudi: Open Source Investigations and the Technology-Driven Knowledge Controversy in Human Rights Fact-Finding
5: Scott Edwards: Open Source Investigations for Human Rights: Current and Future Challenges
Section Two
6: Paul Myers: How to Conduct Discovery Using Open Source Methods
7: Yvonne Ng: How to Effectively Preserve Open Source Information
8: Jeff Deutsch and Niko Para: Targeted Mass Archiving of Open Source Information: A Case Study
9: Aric Toler: How to Verify User-Generated Content
10: Micah Farfour: The Role and Use of Satellite Imagery in Open Source Investigations
Section Three
11: Zara Rahman and Gabriela Ivens: Ethics in Open Source Investigations
12: Sam Dubberley, Margaret Satterthwaite, Sarah Knuckey, Adam Brown: Open Source Investigations: Vicarious Trauma, PTSD, and Tactics for Resilience
13: Joseph Guay, Lisa Rudnick: Open Source Investigations: Understanding Digital Threats, Risks, and Harms
Section Four
14: Fred Abrahams, Daragh Murray: Open Source Information: Part of the Puzzle
15: Alexa Koenig, Lindsay Freeman: Open Source Investigations for Legal Accountability: Challenges and Best Practices
Section One
Sam Dubberley, Alexa Koenig, Daragh Murray: Introduction
1: Christoph Koettl, Daragh Murray, Sam Dubberley: The History of the Use of Open Source Investigation for Human Rights Reporting
2: Alexa Koenig: The History of Open Source Investigations for Legal Accountability
3: Lindsay Freeman: Prosecuting Grave International Crimes Using Open Source Evidence: Lessons from the International Criminal Court
4: Ella McPherson, Isabel Guenette Thornton, Matt Mahmoudi: Open Source Investigations and the Technology-Driven Knowledge Controversy in Human Rights Fact-Finding
5: Scott Edwards: Open Source Investigations for Human Rights: Current and Future Challenges
Section Two
6: Paul Myers: How to Conduct Discovery Using Open Source Methods
7: Yvonne Ng: How to Effectively Preserve Open Source Information
8: Jeff Deutsch and Niko Para: Targeted Mass Archiving of Open Source Information: A Case Study
9: Aric Toler: How to Verify User-Generated Content
10: Micah Farfour: The Role and Use of Satellite Imagery in Open Source Investigations
Section Three
11: Zara Rahman and Gabriela Ivens: Ethics in Open Source Investigations
12: Sam Dubberley, Margaret Satterthwaite, Sarah Knuckey, Adam Brown: Open Source Investigations: Vicarious Trauma, PTSD, and Tactics for Resilience
13: Joseph Guay, Lisa Rudnick: Open Source Investigations: Understanding Digital Threats, Risks, and Harms
Section Four
14: Fred Abrahams, Daragh Murray: Open Source Information: Part of the Puzzle
15: Alexa Koenig, Lindsay Freeman: Open Source Investigations for Legal Accountability: Challenges and Best Practices