Introduction to Electric Circuits, International Adaptation
9th Edition
Published on 18. March 2026
Book
Paperback/Softback
912 pages
978-1-394-39431-9 (ISBN)
Description
Introduction to Electric Circuits, 9th edition, International Adaptation is revised and updated for a one- to -three term course in electric circuits or linear circuit analysis. The book endeavors to support students encountering electric circuits for the first time and equips them to solve realistic problems involving these circuits. It features numerous design examples, challenging design problems, and the "How Can We Check" feature to emphasize its practical approach to design.
This International Adaptation features revised design examples and problem sets, making them even more effective, useful, and up-to-date. This edition continues the expanded use of problem-solving software such as PSpice and MATLAB.
This International Adaptation features revised design examples and problem sets, making them even more effective, useful, and up-to-date. This edition continues the expanded use of problem-solving software such as PSpice and MATLAB.
More details
Edition
9th Edition, Revised and Updated
Language
English
Place of publication
New York
United States
Target group
College/higher education
Dimensions
Height: 253 mm
Width: 204 mm
Thickness: 37 mm
Weight
1638 gr
ISBN-13
978-1-394-39431-9 (9781394394319)
Copyright in bibliographic data and cover images is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or by the publishers or by their respective licensors: all rights reserved.
Schweitzer Classification
Persons
James A. Svoboda is an associate professor of electrical and computer engineering at Clarkson University, where he teaches courses on topics such as circuits, electronics, and computer programming. He earned a PhD in electrical engineering from the University of Wisconsin at Madison, an MS from the University of Colorado, and a BS from General Motors Institute. Sophomore Circuits is one of Professor Svoboda's favorite courses. He has taught this course to 6,500 undergraduates at Clarkson University over the past 35 years. In 1986, he received Clarkson University's Distinguished Teaching Award.
Professor Svoboda has written several research papers describing the advantages of using nullors to model electric circuits for computer analysis. He is interested in the way technology affects engineering education and has developed several software packages for use in Sophomore Circuits.
Richard C. Dorf, professor of electrical and computer engineering at the University of California, Davis, teaches graduate and undergraduate courses in electrical engineering in the fields of circuits and control systems. He earned a PhD in electrical engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, an MS from the University of Colorado, and a BS from Clarkson University. Highly concerned with the discipline of electrical engineering and its wide value to social and economic needs, he has written and lectured internationally on the contributions and advances in electrical engineering.
Professor Dorf has extensive experience with education and industry and is professionally active in the fields of robotics, automation, electric circuits, and communications. He has served as a visiting professor at the University of Edinburgh, Scotland, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, and the University of California at Berkeley.
A Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers and the American Society for Engineering Education, Dr. Dorf is widely known to the profession for his Modern Control Systems, twelfth edition (Pearson, 2011) and The International Encyclopedia of Robotics (Wiley, 1988). Dr. Dorf is also the coauthor of Circuits, Devices and Systems (with Ralph Smith), fifth edition (Wiley, 1992). Dr. Dorf edited the widely used Electrical Engineering Handbook, third edition (CRC Press and IEEE press), published in 2011. He has also worked for Technology Ventures, fourth edition, (McGraw-Hill), published in 2013.
Professor Svoboda has written several research papers describing the advantages of using nullors to model electric circuits for computer analysis. He is interested in the way technology affects engineering education and has developed several software packages for use in Sophomore Circuits.
Richard C. Dorf, professor of electrical and computer engineering at the University of California, Davis, teaches graduate and undergraduate courses in electrical engineering in the fields of circuits and control systems. He earned a PhD in electrical engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, an MS from the University of Colorado, and a BS from Clarkson University. Highly concerned with the discipline of electrical engineering and its wide value to social and economic needs, he has written and lectured internationally on the contributions and advances in electrical engineering.
Professor Dorf has extensive experience with education and industry and is professionally active in the fields of robotics, automation, electric circuits, and communications. He has served as a visiting professor at the University of Edinburgh, Scotland, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, and the University of California at Berkeley.
A Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers and the American Society for Engineering Education, Dr. Dorf is widely known to the profession for his Modern Control Systems, twelfth edition (Pearson, 2011) and The International Encyclopedia of Robotics (Wiley, 1988). Dr. Dorf is also the coauthor of Circuits, Devices and Systems (with Ralph Smith), fifth edition (Wiley, 1992). Dr. Dorf edited the widely used Electrical Engineering Handbook, third edition (CRC Press and IEEE press), published in 2011. He has also worked for Technology Ventures, fourth edition, (McGraw-Hill), published in 2013.
Content
Chapter 1 Electric Circuit Variables 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Electric Circuits and Current 1
1.3 Systems of Units 5
1.4 Voltage 7
1.5 Power and Energy 7
1.6 Circuit Analysis and Design 11
1.7 How Can We Check ? 13
1.8 Design Example-Jet Valve Controller 14
1.9 Summary 15
Problems 15
Design Problems 19
Chapter 2 Circuit Elements 20
2.1 Introduction 20
2.2 Engineering and Linear Models 20
2.3 Active and Passive Circuit Elements 23
2.4 Resistors 25
2.5 Independent Sources 28
2.6 Voltmeters and Ammeters. 30
2.7 Dependent Sources 33
2.8 Resistive Transducers 37
2.9 Switches 41
2.10 How Can We Check ? 43
2.11 Design Example-Temperature Sensor 44
2.12 Summary 46
Problems 47
Design Problems 55
Chapter 3 Resistive Circuits 56
3.1 Introduction 56
3.2 Kirchhoff's Laws 57
3.3 Series Resistors and Voltage Division 66
3.4 Parallel Resistors and Current Division 71
3.5 Series Voltage Sources and Parallel Current Sources 77
3.6 Circuit Analysis 81
3.7 Analyzing Resistive Circuits Using MATLAB 86
3.8 How Can We Check ?. 89
3.9 Design Example-Adjustable Voltage Source 91
3.10 Summary 94
Problems 95
Design Problems 112
Chapter 4 Methods of Analysis of Resistive Circuits 116
4.1 Introduction 116
4.2 Node Voltage Analysis of Circuits with Current Sources 117
4.3 Node Voltage Analysis of Circuits with Current and Voltage Sources 123
4.4 Node Voltage Analysis with Dependent Sources 128
4.5 Mesh Current Analysis with Independent Voltage Sources 130
4.6 Mesh Current Analysis with Current and Voltage Sources 135
4.7 Mesh Current Analysis with Dependent Sources 139
4.8 The Node Voltage Method and Mesh Current Method Compared 141
4.9 Circuit Analysis Using MATLAB 144
4.10 Using PSpice to Determine Node Voltages and Mesh Currents 146
4.11 How Can We Check ?. 148
4.12 Design Example-Potentiometer Angle Display 151
4.13 Summary 154
Problems 155
PSpice Problems 167
Design Problems 167
Chapter 5 Circuit Theorems 169
5.1 Introduction 169
5.2 Source Transformations 169
5.3 Superposition 176
5.4 Thevenin's Theorem 180
5.5 Norton's Equivalent Circuit 187
5.6 Maximum Power Transfer 191
5.7 Using MATLAB to Determine the Thevenin Equivalent Circuit 194
5.8 Using PSpice to Determine the Thevenin Equivalent Circuit 197
5.9 How Can We Check ? 200
5.10 Design Example-Strain Gauge Bridge 201
5.11 Summary 203
Problems 204
PSpice Problems 214
Design Problems 215
Chapter 6 The Operational Amplifier 219
6.1 Introduction 219
6.2 The Operational Amplifier 219
6.3 The Ideal Operational Amplifier 221
6.4 Nodal Analysis of Circuits Containing Ideal Operational Amplifiers 223
6.5 Design Using Operational Amplifiers 228
6.6 Operational Amplifier Circuits and Linear Algebraic Equations 233
6.7 Characteristics of Practical Operational Amplifiers 238
6.8 Analysis of Op Amp Circuits Using MATLAB 245
6.9 Using PSpice to Analyze Op Amp Circuits 247
6.10 How Can We Check ?. 248
6.11 Design Example-Transducer Interface Circuit 250
6.12 Summary 252
Problems 252
PSpice Problems 263
Design Problems 264
Chapter 7 Energy Storage Elements 265
7.1 Introduction 265
7.2 Capacitors 266
7.3 Energy Storage in a Capacitor 273
7.4 Series and Parallel Capacitors 276
7.5 Inductors 278
7.6 Energy Storage in an Inductor 283
7.7 Series and Parallel Inductors. 285
7.8 Initial Conditions of Switched Circuits 286
7.9 Operational Amplifier Circuits and Linear Differential Equations 290
7.10 Using MATLAB to Plot Capacitor or Inductor Voltage and Current 296
7.11 How Can We Check ?. 298
7.12 Design Example-Integrator for Battery Charge Estimation 299
7.13 Summary 302
Problems 303
Design Problems 315
Chapter 8 The Complete Response of RL and RC Circuits 317
8.1 Introduction 317
8.2 First-Order Circuits 317
8.3 The Response of a First-Order Circuit to a Constant Input 320
8.4 Sequential Switching 333
8.5 Stability of First-Order Circuits 335
8.6 The Unit Step Source 337
8.7 The Response of a First-Order Circuit to a Nonconstant Source 341
8.8 Differential Operators 346
8.9 Using PSpice to Analyze First-Order Circuits 347
8.10 How Can We Check ?. 350
8.11 Design Example-A Computer and Printer 354
8.12 Summary 356
Problems 358
PSpice Problems 368
Design Problems 369
Chapter 9 The Complete Response of Circuits with Two Energy Storage Elements 370
9.1 Introduction 370
9.2 Differential Equation for Circuits with Two Energy Storage Elements 371
9.3 Solution of the Second-Order Differential Equation-The Natural Response 375
9.4 Natural Response of the Unforced Parallel RLC Circuit 377
9.5 Natural Response of the Critically Damped Unforced Parallel RLC Circuit 380
9.6 Natural Response of an Underdamped Unforced Parallel RLC Circuit 381
9.7 Forced Response of an RLC Circuit 384
9.8 Complete Response of an RLC Circuit 387
9.9 State Variable Approach to Circuit Analysis 390
9.10 Roots in the Complex Plane 395
9.11 How Can We Check ?. 396
9.12 Design Example-Auto Airbag Igniter 398
9.13 Summary 400
Problems 402
PSpice Problems 411
Design Problems 412
Chapter 10 Sinusoidal Steady-State Analysis 414
10.1 Introduction 414
10.2 Sinusoidal Sources 415
10.3 Phasors and Sinusoids 419
10.4 Impedances 424
10.5 Series and Parallel Impedances 430
10.6 Mesh and Node Equations 436
10.7 Thevenin and Norton Equivalent Circuits 444
10.8 Superposition 448
10.9 Phasor Diagrams 451
10.10 Op Amps in AC Circuits 452
10.11 The Complete Response 454
10.12 Using MATLAB to Analyze AC Circuits 461
10.13 Using PSpice to Analyze AC Circuits 463
10.14 How Can We Check ? 465
10.15 Design Example-An Op Amp Circuit 468
10.16 Summary 470
Problems 471
PSpice Problems 486
Design Problems 488
Chapter 11 AC Steady-State Power 489
11.1 Introduction 489
11.2 Electric Power 489
11.3 Instantaneous Power and Average Power 490
11.4 Effective Value of a Periodic Waveform 494
11.5 Complex Power 497
11.6 Power Factor 504
11.7 The Power Superposition Principle 512
11.8 The Maximum Power Transfer Theorem 515
11.9 Coupled Inductors 516
11.10 The Ideal Transformer 524
11.11 How Can We Check ? 531
11.12 Design Example-Maximum Power Transfer 532
11.13 Summary 534
Problems 536
PSpice Problems 549
Design Problems 550
Chapter 12 Three-Phase Circuits 551
12.1 Introduction 551
12.2 Three-Phase Voltages 552
12.3 The Y-to-Y Circuit 555
12.4 The ?-Connected Source and Load 564
12.5 The Y-to-? Circuit 566
12.6 Balanced Three-Phase Circuits 568
12.7 Instantaneous and Average Power in a Balanced Three-Phase Load 571
12.8 Two-Wattmeter Power Measurement 574
12.9 How Can We Check ? 577
12.10 Design Example-Power Factor Correction 580
12.11 Summary 582
Problems 582
PSpice Problems 587
Design Problems 587
Chapter 13 Frequency Response 588
13.1 Introduction 588
13.2 Gain, Phase Shift, and the Network Function 588
13.3 Bode Plots 600
13.4 Resonant Circuits 617
13.5 Frequency Response of Op Amp Circuits 624
13.6 Plotting Bode Plots Using MATLAB 626
13.7 Using PSpice to Plot a Frequency Response 628
13.8 How Can We Check ? 630
13.9 Design Example-Radio Tuner 634
13.10 Summary 636
Problems 637
PSpice Problems 648
Design Problems 651
Chapter 14 The Laplace Transform 653
14.1 Introduction 653
14.2 Laplace Transform 654
14.3 Pulse Inputs 660
14.4 Inverse Laplace Transform 663
14.5 Initial and Final Value Theorems 670
14.6 Solution of Differential Equations Describing a Circuit 672
14.7 Circuit Analysis Using Impedance and Initial Conditions 674
14.8 Transfer Function and Impedance 684
14.9 Convolution 690
14.10 Stability 694
14.11 Partial Fraction Expansion Using MATLAB 697
14.12 How Can We Check ? 702
14.13 Design Example-Space Shuttle Cargo Door 704
14.14 Summary 707
Problems 708
PSpice Problems 720
Design Problems 721
Chapter 15 Fourier Series and Fourier Transform 723
15.1 Introduction 723
15.2 The Fourier Series 724
15.3 Symmetry of the Function f (t) 732
15.4 Fourier Series of Selected Waveforms 737
15.5 Exponential Form of the Fourier Series 739
15.6 The Fourier Spectrum 747
15.7 Circuits and Fourier Series 751
15.8 Using PSpice to Determine the Fourier Series 754
15.9 The Fourier Transform 759
15.10 Fourier Transform Properties 762
15.11 The Spectrum of Signals 766
15.12 Convolution and Circuit Response 767
15.13 The Fourier Transform and the Laplace Transform 770
15.14 How Can We Check ? 772
15.15 Design Example-DC Power Supply 774
15.16 Summary 777
Problems 778
PSpice Problems 784
Design Problems 784
Chapter 16 Filter Circuits 785
16.1 Introduction 785
16.2 The Electric Filter 785
16.3 Filters 786
16.4 Second-Order Filters 789
16.5 High-Order Filters 797
16.6 Simulating Filter Circuits Using PSpice 803
16.7 How Can We Check ?. 807
16.8 Design Example-Anti-Aliasing Filter 809
16.9 Summary 812
Problems 812
PSpice Problems 817
Design Problems 820
Chapter 17 Two-Port and Three-Port Networks 821
17.1 Introduction 821
17.2 T-to-?Transformation and Two-Port Three-Terminal Networks 822
17.3 Equations of Two-Port Networks 824
17.4 Zand YParameters for a Circuit with Dependent Sources 827
17.5 Hybrid and Transmission Parameters 829
17.6 Relationships Between Two-Port Parameters 831
17.7 Interconnection of Two-Port Networks 833
17.8 How Can We Check ?. 836
17.9 Design Example-Transistor Amplifier 837
17.10 Summary 839
Problems 840
Design Problems 843
Appendix A Getting Started with PSpice 845
Appendix B MATLAB, Matrices, and Complex Arithmetic 853
Appendix C Mathematical Formulas 865
Appendix D Resistor Specifications and Monte Carlo Analysis 869
References 873
Index 875
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Electric Circuits and Current 1
1.3 Systems of Units 5
1.4 Voltage 7
1.5 Power and Energy 7
1.6 Circuit Analysis and Design 11
1.7 How Can We Check ? 13
1.8 Design Example-Jet Valve Controller 14
1.9 Summary 15
Problems 15
Design Problems 19
Chapter 2 Circuit Elements 20
2.1 Introduction 20
2.2 Engineering and Linear Models 20
2.3 Active and Passive Circuit Elements 23
2.4 Resistors 25
2.5 Independent Sources 28
2.6 Voltmeters and Ammeters. 30
2.7 Dependent Sources 33
2.8 Resistive Transducers 37
2.9 Switches 41
2.10 How Can We Check ? 43
2.11 Design Example-Temperature Sensor 44
2.12 Summary 46
Problems 47
Design Problems 55
Chapter 3 Resistive Circuits 56
3.1 Introduction 56
3.2 Kirchhoff's Laws 57
3.3 Series Resistors and Voltage Division 66
3.4 Parallel Resistors and Current Division 71
3.5 Series Voltage Sources and Parallel Current Sources 77
3.6 Circuit Analysis 81
3.7 Analyzing Resistive Circuits Using MATLAB 86
3.8 How Can We Check ?. 89
3.9 Design Example-Adjustable Voltage Source 91
3.10 Summary 94
Problems 95
Design Problems 112
Chapter 4 Methods of Analysis of Resistive Circuits 116
4.1 Introduction 116
4.2 Node Voltage Analysis of Circuits with Current Sources 117
4.3 Node Voltage Analysis of Circuits with Current and Voltage Sources 123
4.4 Node Voltage Analysis with Dependent Sources 128
4.5 Mesh Current Analysis with Independent Voltage Sources 130
4.6 Mesh Current Analysis with Current and Voltage Sources 135
4.7 Mesh Current Analysis with Dependent Sources 139
4.8 The Node Voltage Method and Mesh Current Method Compared 141
4.9 Circuit Analysis Using MATLAB 144
4.10 Using PSpice to Determine Node Voltages and Mesh Currents 146
4.11 How Can We Check ?. 148
4.12 Design Example-Potentiometer Angle Display 151
4.13 Summary 154
Problems 155
PSpice Problems 167
Design Problems 167
Chapter 5 Circuit Theorems 169
5.1 Introduction 169
5.2 Source Transformations 169
5.3 Superposition 176
5.4 Thevenin's Theorem 180
5.5 Norton's Equivalent Circuit 187
5.6 Maximum Power Transfer 191
5.7 Using MATLAB to Determine the Thevenin Equivalent Circuit 194
5.8 Using PSpice to Determine the Thevenin Equivalent Circuit 197
5.9 How Can We Check ? 200
5.10 Design Example-Strain Gauge Bridge 201
5.11 Summary 203
Problems 204
PSpice Problems 214
Design Problems 215
Chapter 6 The Operational Amplifier 219
6.1 Introduction 219
6.2 The Operational Amplifier 219
6.3 The Ideal Operational Amplifier 221
6.4 Nodal Analysis of Circuits Containing Ideal Operational Amplifiers 223
6.5 Design Using Operational Amplifiers 228
6.6 Operational Amplifier Circuits and Linear Algebraic Equations 233
6.7 Characteristics of Practical Operational Amplifiers 238
6.8 Analysis of Op Amp Circuits Using MATLAB 245
6.9 Using PSpice to Analyze Op Amp Circuits 247
6.10 How Can We Check ?. 248
6.11 Design Example-Transducer Interface Circuit 250
6.12 Summary 252
Problems 252
PSpice Problems 263
Design Problems 264
Chapter 7 Energy Storage Elements 265
7.1 Introduction 265
7.2 Capacitors 266
7.3 Energy Storage in a Capacitor 273
7.4 Series and Parallel Capacitors 276
7.5 Inductors 278
7.6 Energy Storage in an Inductor 283
7.7 Series and Parallel Inductors. 285
7.8 Initial Conditions of Switched Circuits 286
7.9 Operational Amplifier Circuits and Linear Differential Equations 290
7.10 Using MATLAB to Plot Capacitor or Inductor Voltage and Current 296
7.11 How Can We Check ?. 298
7.12 Design Example-Integrator for Battery Charge Estimation 299
7.13 Summary 302
Problems 303
Design Problems 315
Chapter 8 The Complete Response of RL and RC Circuits 317
8.1 Introduction 317
8.2 First-Order Circuits 317
8.3 The Response of a First-Order Circuit to a Constant Input 320
8.4 Sequential Switching 333
8.5 Stability of First-Order Circuits 335
8.6 The Unit Step Source 337
8.7 The Response of a First-Order Circuit to a Nonconstant Source 341
8.8 Differential Operators 346
8.9 Using PSpice to Analyze First-Order Circuits 347
8.10 How Can We Check ?. 350
8.11 Design Example-A Computer and Printer 354
8.12 Summary 356
Problems 358
PSpice Problems 368
Design Problems 369
Chapter 9 The Complete Response of Circuits with Two Energy Storage Elements 370
9.1 Introduction 370
9.2 Differential Equation for Circuits with Two Energy Storage Elements 371
9.3 Solution of the Second-Order Differential Equation-The Natural Response 375
9.4 Natural Response of the Unforced Parallel RLC Circuit 377
9.5 Natural Response of the Critically Damped Unforced Parallel RLC Circuit 380
9.6 Natural Response of an Underdamped Unforced Parallel RLC Circuit 381
9.7 Forced Response of an RLC Circuit 384
9.8 Complete Response of an RLC Circuit 387
9.9 State Variable Approach to Circuit Analysis 390
9.10 Roots in the Complex Plane 395
9.11 How Can We Check ?. 396
9.12 Design Example-Auto Airbag Igniter 398
9.13 Summary 400
Problems 402
PSpice Problems 411
Design Problems 412
Chapter 10 Sinusoidal Steady-State Analysis 414
10.1 Introduction 414
10.2 Sinusoidal Sources 415
10.3 Phasors and Sinusoids 419
10.4 Impedances 424
10.5 Series and Parallel Impedances 430
10.6 Mesh and Node Equations 436
10.7 Thevenin and Norton Equivalent Circuits 444
10.8 Superposition 448
10.9 Phasor Diagrams 451
10.10 Op Amps in AC Circuits 452
10.11 The Complete Response 454
10.12 Using MATLAB to Analyze AC Circuits 461
10.13 Using PSpice to Analyze AC Circuits 463
10.14 How Can We Check ? 465
10.15 Design Example-An Op Amp Circuit 468
10.16 Summary 470
Problems 471
PSpice Problems 486
Design Problems 488
Chapter 11 AC Steady-State Power 489
11.1 Introduction 489
11.2 Electric Power 489
11.3 Instantaneous Power and Average Power 490
11.4 Effective Value of a Periodic Waveform 494
11.5 Complex Power 497
11.6 Power Factor 504
11.7 The Power Superposition Principle 512
11.8 The Maximum Power Transfer Theorem 515
11.9 Coupled Inductors 516
11.10 The Ideal Transformer 524
11.11 How Can We Check ? 531
11.12 Design Example-Maximum Power Transfer 532
11.13 Summary 534
Problems 536
PSpice Problems 549
Design Problems 550
Chapter 12 Three-Phase Circuits 551
12.1 Introduction 551
12.2 Three-Phase Voltages 552
12.3 The Y-to-Y Circuit 555
12.4 The ?-Connected Source and Load 564
12.5 The Y-to-? Circuit 566
12.6 Balanced Three-Phase Circuits 568
12.7 Instantaneous and Average Power in a Balanced Three-Phase Load 571
12.8 Two-Wattmeter Power Measurement 574
12.9 How Can We Check ? 577
12.10 Design Example-Power Factor Correction 580
12.11 Summary 582
Problems 582
PSpice Problems 587
Design Problems 587
Chapter 13 Frequency Response 588
13.1 Introduction 588
13.2 Gain, Phase Shift, and the Network Function 588
13.3 Bode Plots 600
13.4 Resonant Circuits 617
13.5 Frequency Response of Op Amp Circuits 624
13.6 Plotting Bode Plots Using MATLAB 626
13.7 Using PSpice to Plot a Frequency Response 628
13.8 How Can We Check ? 630
13.9 Design Example-Radio Tuner 634
13.10 Summary 636
Problems 637
PSpice Problems 648
Design Problems 651
Chapter 14 The Laplace Transform 653
14.1 Introduction 653
14.2 Laplace Transform 654
14.3 Pulse Inputs 660
14.4 Inverse Laplace Transform 663
14.5 Initial and Final Value Theorems 670
14.6 Solution of Differential Equations Describing a Circuit 672
14.7 Circuit Analysis Using Impedance and Initial Conditions 674
14.8 Transfer Function and Impedance 684
14.9 Convolution 690
14.10 Stability 694
14.11 Partial Fraction Expansion Using MATLAB 697
14.12 How Can We Check ? 702
14.13 Design Example-Space Shuttle Cargo Door 704
14.14 Summary 707
Problems 708
PSpice Problems 720
Design Problems 721
Chapter 15 Fourier Series and Fourier Transform 723
15.1 Introduction 723
15.2 The Fourier Series 724
15.3 Symmetry of the Function f (t) 732
15.4 Fourier Series of Selected Waveforms 737
15.5 Exponential Form of the Fourier Series 739
15.6 The Fourier Spectrum 747
15.7 Circuits and Fourier Series 751
15.8 Using PSpice to Determine the Fourier Series 754
15.9 The Fourier Transform 759
15.10 Fourier Transform Properties 762
15.11 The Spectrum of Signals 766
15.12 Convolution and Circuit Response 767
15.13 The Fourier Transform and the Laplace Transform 770
15.14 How Can We Check ? 772
15.15 Design Example-DC Power Supply 774
15.16 Summary 777
Problems 778
PSpice Problems 784
Design Problems 784
Chapter 16 Filter Circuits 785
16.1 Introduction 785
16.2 The Electric Filter 785
16.3 Filters 786
16.4 Second-Order Filters 789
16.5 High-Order Filters 797
16.6 Simulating Filter Circuits Using PSpice 803
16.7 How Can We Check ?. 807
16.8 Design Example-Anti-Aliasing Filter 809
16.9 Summary 812
Problems 812
PSpice Problems 817
Design Problems 820
Chapter 17 Two-Port and Three-Port Networks 821
17.1 Introduction 821
17.2 T-to-?Transformation and Two-Port Three-Terminal Networks 822
17.3 Equations of Two-Port Networks 824
17.4 Zand YParameters for a Circuit with Dependent Sources 827
17.5 Hybrid and Transmission Parameters 829
17.6 Relationships Between Two-Port Parameters 831
17.7 Interconnection of Two-Port Networks 833
17.8 How Can We Check ?. 836
17.9 Design Example-Transistor Amplifier 837
17.10 Summary 839
Problems 840
Design Problems 843
Appendix A Getting Started with PSpice 845
Appendix B MATLAB, Matrices, and Complex Arithmetic 853
Appendix C Mathematical Formulas 865
Appendix D Resistor Specifications and Monte Carlo Analysis 869
References 873
Index 875