Understanding Social Welfare
Description
The new edition reflects the most recent changes in the social welfare system, our national society, and our world, including the impact of the Bush administration's policies on social welfare, the proposals of the Democratic and Republican candidates, and the latest trends, data, and discussions.
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Content
<b><U>1 Socioeconomic Structure, Human Needs, and Mutual Responsibility</U> </b>
Overview
The Impact of Social and Economic Structures
Defining Social Welfare and Social Work
The American Myth of the Hero
Balancing Individual and Societal Responsibilities
Human Rights, Social Justice, Social Work, and Social Welfare
</b>Beliefs about Social Justice
The Social Minimum: The Standard for Social Justice
The NASW Standard: Equal Access and Rights
Toward the Social Minimum
Views of Social Welfare
<b>The Authors' Perspective
Summary
Questions for Consideration
Notes
</b><b><U>2 Social Values and Social Welfare</U></b>
Overview
Modern Views of Humanity
Self-Actualization versus Irritation Response Theories
Economics and Human Motivation
An Overview of History
</b>Altruism and Mutual Aid
<b>Ancient Cultures </b>
Egypt
Hebrew and Judaic Societies
Greece and Rome
<b>Early Christianity
Holy Poverty and Expectations of the Wealthy
Eastern Cultures
</b>China
India
Islam
<b>Summary: Evolving Values and Social Welfare
Questions for Consideration
Notes
</b><U><b> 3 Social Values and Social Welfare: England from the Middle Ages Onward</b></U><b> </b>
Overview
The Early Middle Ages
The Middle Middle Ages
The Late Middle Ages to Elizabethan Poor Laws
Work and Religion
The Poor Laws
The Poor Law Compilation of 1601
Speenhamland
The Workhouse
The Poor Law of 1834
Principles of the Poor Laws
Summary
Questions for Consideration
Notes
</b>
<b><U>4 Social Values and Social Welfare: The American Experience I</U></b>
<b>Overview
American Poor Law Mentality
Settlements, Labor, and Imported "Poor Laws"
The Early Spanish Influence, the Mexicans, and Other Hispanics
Voluntary Mutual Aid Efforts
</b>Mutual Aid among African Americans <b>Voluntary and Public Responsibilities
The American Frontier: The Myth and Values
Mutual Aid among Immigrant Groups
Rugged Individualism and/or Cooperation
American Indians and U.S. History
The Federal Role in Social Welfare
The Freedmen's Bureau
Veterans and a Suspension of the Ethic
Social Darwinism
The Coming of Social Insurance
Society, Social Values, and Modern Views of Human Nature
Summary
Questions for Consideration
Notes
</b><U><b>5 America, Poverty, Two Paths: The American Experience II</b></U><b> </b>
Overview
Three Discoveries of Poverty
</b>
First Discovery
The Fading of the First Discovery
Second Discovery
Third Discovery
<b>The War on Poverty </b>
Eight Outcomes <b>The "Skirmish" against Poverty
Families, Children, and Poverty
</b>
Aid to Families with Dependent Children ("Welfare")
An Old-New Path
Social Security
Contrasting Values and Aims
<b>The Paths Forward
Human Nature and the American Dream
Summary
Questions for Consideration
Notes
</b><U><b>6 Concepts for Social Welfare</b></U><b> </b>
<b>Overview
What Is Social Welfare?
Social Policy, Social Services, and Social Work
</b>Social Policy
Social Services
Social Work
<b>Ideology, Social Policy, and Government Intervention </b>
Five Routes to Social Policy <b>The Federal and Pluralist System
The Economic Sphere
</b>Fiscal Policy
Monetary Policy
<b>The Importance of Fiscal and Monetary Policy
A Tarnished Business Sector?
A Second Welfare System-Corporate and Individual Welfare
Globalization and Social Justice
The Bush Administration
Summary
Questions for Consideration
Notes
</b>
<b><U>7 Examining a Social Welfare Program within the Context of Social Justice: Structural Components, Alternative Program Characteristics, and Evaluation</U> </b>
Overview
Structural Components
</b>
What Are the Needs and Goals to Be Met?
What Is the Form of Benefit That the Program Produces?
Who Is Eligible for the Program?
How Is the Program Financed?
What Is the Level of Administration?
<b>Alternative Program Characteristics </b>
Residual, Institutional, Developmental, or Socioeconomic
Asset Development
Selective or Universal
Benefits in Money, Services, or Utilities
Public or Private
Central or Local
Lay or Professional
<b>Evaluating the Program </b>
Adequacy
Financing
Coherence
Latent Consequences
<b>Testing for Social Justice </b>
Whose Social Justice?
Views and Proponents
The Social Work Practice Sphere and Social Justice
Reader's Choice
<b>
Summary
Questions for Consideration
Notes
</b><b>8 The Welfare Society and Its Clients</b>
</U>
Overview
Who Is a Client of Social Welfare?
What Is Poverty?
</b>Understanding Poverty
Absolute Poverty
Relative Comparison Poverty
<b>A Description of the Poor
Income and Wealth Inequality
Counter-intuitive Statistics
Intergenerational Mobility
The Effect of Some Government Programs
The Near-Poor and Expectations
Other Views of Poverty
</b>Relative Inequality
Lack of Power, Access, and Inclusion
The Underclass/Culture of Poverty Thesis <b>
</b>
<b>Strategies for Fighting Poverty </b>
Social Utilities
Investment in Human Capital
Income Transfers
Rehabilitation
Aggregative and Selective Economic Measures
Participation and Organization
<b>Ideology Revisited </b>
<b>The Second Bush Administration
</b>Tax Cuts
Faith-Based Initative
Social Security
Medicare
No Child Left Behind
The 2009 Budget
Starve the Beast
<b>Ideology Once Again
Summary
Questions for Consideration
Notes
</b>
<b>
</b>
<U><b>9 Current Social Welfare Programs-Economic Security</b> </U>
Overview
Social Insurance Programs
</b>Social Security (OASDI)
Unemployment Compensation
Temporary Disability Insurance
Workers' Compensation
<b>Income Support Programs </b>
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
Supplemental Security Income
General Assistance
Earned Income Tax Credit
<b>Socioeconomic Asset Development
Summary
Questions for Consideration
Notes
</b><b><U>10 Social Welfare Programs: Sustaining the Quality of Life </U></b>
Overview
Managed Care: A Radical Change
</b>Major Organizational Types
Impact on Services and Practitioners
Proponents
Strategies to Achieve Profits
Public Criticism, Courts, and Legislation
<b>Health Care Programs
</b>Medicare
Medicaid
<b>Nutrition Programs </b>
The Food Stamp Program
Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children
School Lunch and Breakfast Programs
<b>Low-Income Home Energy Assistance
Housing
Veterans' Benefits
Employment Programs
Personal Social Services
</b>Title XX
Defense Department Social and Mental Health Services
Services to Families
Services to Children
<b>Mental Health Services
Corrections
Summary
Questions for Consideration
Notes
</b><b><U>11 Nonprofit and Private Social Welfare </U> </b>
<b>Overview
Early Patterns
The Nonprofit Sector
The Proprietary Private For-Profit Organization
Services of the Nonprofit and Private Sectors
Getting and Spending
Private and Nonprofit Agencies as Social Welfare Programs
A Point of View
Leadership, Class, and Gender
Private and Public Spheres
</b>Uses of Public Funds and Power
Tax Laws and Policy
Programmatic Links
Accountability
National Policy: Church and State
<b>
Marketplace and the Nonmarket Domain
Family and Friends
Toward the Future
Summary
Questions for Consideration
Notes
</b><U><b>12 Social Work: The Emergence of a Profession</b> </U>
Overview
The Workers of "Good Works"
The Process of Professionalization
A Brief History of Practice and Methods
Development of the Professional Association
Social Work with Groups
Community Organization and Social Planning
Toward a Unified Profession
Summary
Questions for Consideration
Notes
</b>
<b><U>13 Social Work: Functions, Context, and Issues</U></b>
<b>Overview
The Purposes of Social Work
The Professional within Complex Organizations
</b>Complex Organizations and Professional Culture
Complex Organizations and Authority
The Profession and Professional Autonomy
Alternative Roles and Settings
<b>Society, the Functions of Social Work, and Services for People</b>
The "Bottom Line" <b>The Two Tracks of Social Work: Cause and Function
Generic-Specific Social Work
Professionals and Volunteers
</b>The Number of Social Workers <b>
Issues Confronting the Profession: Multi-cultural Society, Technologies, Managed Care, Leadership, Sufficient and Qualified Social Workers and Resources, and Accountability.
Summary
Questions for Consideration
Notes
</b>
<b><U>14 Social Trends Affecting Social Welfare</U> </b>
Overview
National Society
Individual and Shared Goals
The International Economy
Population Growth and Resources
The United States: A Changing Population
A Selected Social Welfare Agenda and Social Justice
Productivity and the Service Economy
Ethnicity and Pluralism
Gender
Gay Men and Lesbians
The Place of Social Welfare in a Changing Context
Summary
Questions for Consideration
Notes
</b>
<b><U>15 Toward the General Welfare and Social Justice</U> </b>
<b></b><b>
Overview
Healthy Children and Social Justice
Globalization, Privatization, Socially Just Services, and the Future of Social Welfare
</b><b>Challenges Facing Social Welfare </b>
TheState of the Welfare StateThe Roles of Social Work
<b>A Second Welfare System: Corporate and Taxpayer
Welfare and Social Justice </b>
<b>Social Justice and the "Baby Boom" Generation: The Choices Before Us</b>
Alternatives Facing the Practitioner
Technology and Social Action
</b><b>Where We Are</b>
<b>Coda: Two Views of the Future
Summary
Questions for Consideration
Notes
Appendix: Sources of Information
A Timeline of Significant Social Welfare Events
Index
</b>