Organic Chemistry - Breakthroughs and Perspectives

INTRODUCTION DIVERSITY-ORIENTED SYNTHESES OF NATURAL PRODUCTS AND NATURAL PRODUCT-LIKE COMPOUNDS Introduction Diversity-Oriented Synthesis (DOS) Diverted Total Synthesis (DTS) Function-Oriented Synthesis (FOS) Target-Oriented Synthesis (TOS) Conclusion and Perspectives TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF NATURAL PRODUCTS AND THE SYNERGY WITH SYNTHETIC METHODOLOGY Introduction Domino Process Multicomponent Reactions Oxidative Anion Coupling Pattern Recognition Conformation-Directed Cyclization Conclusion and Perspectives INTERPLAY BETWEEN THE CHEMICAL SPACE AND THE BIOLOGICAL SPACE Chemical Biology: Historical and Philosophical Aspects Preparation of Chemical Libraries Screening Strategies Target Elucidation and Validation Conclusion and Perspectives BIOSYNTHESIS OF PHARMACEUTICAL NATURAL PRODUCTS AND THEIR PATHWAY ENGINEERING Introduction Expanded Paradigms in Biosynthetic Logic New Approaches to NP Biosynthesis Research Better Understanding of the Scope and Diversity of NP Production Future Perspectives CARBOHYDRATE SYNTHESIS TOWARDS GLYCOBIOLOGY Introduction Advances in Chemical Glycosylation New Strategies in Oligosaccharide Assembly Enzymatic and Chemoenzymatic Methods Synthesis of Heparin and Heparan Sulfate Oligosaccharides Synthesis of Homogeneous Glycoproteins Synthesis of Carbohydrate-Containing Complex Natural Compounds Conclusion and Perspectives CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF PROTEINS Introduction Brief History Current Technology Applications Conclusion and Perspectives CUAAC: THE QUINTESSENTIAL CLICK REACTION Introduction Azide - Alkyne Cycloaddition: the Basics CuAAC: Catalysts and Ligands Mechanistic Aspects of the CuAAC Reactions of 1-Iodoalkynes Examples of Application of the CuAAC Reaction Reactions of Sulfonyl Azides Outlook/Perspective TRANSITION METAL-CATALYZED C - H FUNCTIONALIZATION: SYNTHETICALLY ENABLING REACTIONS FOR BUILDING MOLECULAR COMPLEXITY Introduction Background and Early Work First Functionalization: Challenges in Hydrocarbon Chemistry Further Functionalization: C - H Bonds as Reaction Partners in Organic Synthesis Catalytic C - H Functionalization via Metal Insertion Other Emerging Metal-Catalyzed Further Functionalization Methods Outlook and Conclusion AN OVERVIEW OF RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN METAL-CATALYZED ASYMMETRIC TRANSFORMATIONS Introduction Asymmetric Carbon - Carbon Bond Formation Asymmetric Reductions and Oxidations Conclusion THE PROLINE-CATALYZED MANNICH REACTION AND THE ADVENT OF ENAMINE CATALYSIS Introduction The Proline-Catalyzed Mannich Reaction Conclusion RECENT TOPICS IN COOPERATIVE CATALYSIS: ASYMMETRIC CATALYSIS, POLYMERIZATION, HYDROGEN ACTIVATION, AND WATER SPLITTING Introduction Cooperative Catalysis in Asymmetric Reactions Cooperative Catalysis in Alkene Polymerization Cooperative Catalysis in Hydrogen Activation/Generation Conclusion and Perspectives FLOURISHING FRONTIERS IN ORGANOFLUORINE CHEMISTRY Introduction Synthetic Approaches for the Introduction of Fluorine-Containing Functionalities and Related Chemistry Conclusion and Perspectives SUPRAMOLECULAR ORGANIC CHEMISTRY: THE FOLDAMER APPROACH Introduction Foldamers: the Background Molecular Recognition Homoduplex Organogels Vesicles Supramolecular Liquid Crystals Macrocycles Catalysis Macromolecular Self-Assembly Conclusion and Perspectives NOVEL CATALYSIS FOR ALKENE POLYMERIZATION MEDIATED BY POST-METALLOCENES: A GATEWAY TO NEW POLYALKENES Introduction Late Transition Metal Complexes Early Transition Metal Complexes Conclusion and Perspectives CHEMISTRY COMPUTATIONALLY AND EXPERIMENTALLY: HOW WILL COMPUTATIONAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY IMPACT ORGANIC THEORIES, MECHANISMS, AND SYNTHESIS IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY? Introduction Developing New Theories, Concepts, and Understandings for Organic Chemistry Understanding Reaction Mechanisms Computation-Guided Development of New Catalysts, New Reactions, and Synthesis Planning for Ideal Synthesis Conclusion CASE STUDY OF MECHANISMS IN SYNTHETIC REACTIONS Introduction Mechanistic Study of Coupling Reactions Mechanistic Study of Aerobic Oxidation Conclusion and Perspective ORGANIC MATERIALS AND CHEMISTRY FOR BULK HETEROJUNCTION SOLAR CELLS Introduction Molecular Design and Engineering of Donor Materials Molecular Design and Engineering of Acceptor Materials Conclusion and Outlook CATALYTIC UTILIZATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE: ACTUAL STATUS AND PERSPECTIVES Introduction Catalytic Reductions of CO2 to Formic Acid and Methanol CO2 as a C1-Building Block in C - C Coupling Reactions Catalytic C - O Bond Formation Utilizing Carbon Dioxide Current Industrial Processes Using CO2 Conclusion and Outlook SYNTHETIC CHEMISTRY WITH AN EYE ON FUTURE SUSTAINABILITY Introduction Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling Nucleophilic Addition of Terminal Alkynes in Water Conclusion and Perspectives ORGANIC Pi-CONJUGATED MOLECULES FOR ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTORS AND PHOTOVOLTAIC MATERIALS Introduction Conjugated Molecules for p-Type Organic Semiconductors Conjugated Molecules for n-Type Organic Semiconductors Conjugated Molecules for Photovoltaic Materials Conclusion and Outlook THE FUTURE OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - AN ESSAY Introduction The Field of Organic Chemistry Will Broaden Conclusion