Internet Denial of Service
Attack and Defense Mechanisms
Published on 13. January 2005
Book
Paperback/Softback
400 pages
978-0-13-147573-1 (ISBN)
Description
Suddenly your Web server becomes unavailable. When you investigate, you realize that a flood of packets is surging into your network. You have just become one of the hundreds of thousands of victims of a denial-of-service attack, a pervasive and growing threat to the Internet. What do you do?
Internet Denial of Service sheds light on a complex and fascinating form of computer attack that impacts the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of millions of computers worldwide. It tells the network administrator, corporate CTO, incident responder, and student how DDoS attacks are prepared and executed, how to think about DDoS, and how to arrange computer and network defenses. It also provides a suite of actions that can be taken before, during, and after an attack.
Inside, you'll find comprehensive information on the following topics
How denial-of-service attacks are waged
How to improve your network's resilience to denial-of-service attacks
What to do when you are involved in a denial-of-service attack
The laws that apply to these attacks and their implications
How often denial-of-service attacks occur, how strong they are, and the kinds of damage they can cause
Real examples of denial-of-service attacks as experienced by the attacker, victim, and unwitting accomplices
The authors' extensive experience in handling denial-of-service attacks and researching defense approaches is laid out clearly in practical, detailed terms.
Internet Denial of Service sheds light on a complex and fascinating form of computer attack that impacts the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of millions of computers worldwide. It tells the network administrator, corporate CTO, incident responder, and student how DDoS attacks are prepared and executed, how to think about DDoS, and how to arrange computer and network defenses. It also provides a suite of actions that can be taken before, during, and after an attack.
Inside, you'll find comprehensive information on the following topics
How denial-of-service attacks are waged
How to improve your network's resilience to denial-of-service attacks
What to do when you are involved in a denial-of-service attack
The laws that apply to these attacks and their implications
How often denial-of-service attacks occur, how strong they are, and the kinds of damage they can cause
Real examples of denial-of-service attacks as experienced by the attacker, victim, and unwitting accomplices
The authors' extensive experience in handling denial-of-service attacks and researching defense approaches is laid out clearly in practical, detailed terms.
More details
Persons
Jelena Mirkovic has been an assistant professor at the University of Delaware since 2003. She holds a Ph.D. in computer science from the University of California, Los Angeles, where she developed effective defenses against distributed denial-of-service attacks.
Sven Dietrich is a member of the technical staff at the CERT Coordination Center, part of the Software Engineering Institute at Carnegie Mellon University, and is affiliated with Carnegie Mellon CyLab, a university-wide cyber security research and education initiative. He has worked and published on DDoS since 1999.
David Dittrich is a senior security engineer at the University of Washingtons Center for Information Assurance and Cybersecurity and a founding member of the Honeynet Project. He published the first detailed technical analyses of DDoS tools in 1999, and maintains the largest Web page on the subject.
Peter Reiher is an adjunct associate professor at the University of California, Los Angeles. His research includes defenses against denial-of-service attacks.
Sven Dietrich is a member of the technical staff at the CERT Coordination Center, part of the Software Engineering Institute at Carnegie Mellon University, and is affiliated with Carnegie Mellon CyLab, a university-wide cyber security research and education initiative. He has worked and published on DDoS since 1999.
David Dittrich is a senior security engineer at the University of Washingtons Center for Information Assurance and Cybersecurity and a founding member of the Honeynet Project. He published the first detailed technical analyses of DDoS tools in 1999, and maintains the largest Web page on the subject.
Peter Reiher is an adjunct associate professor at the University of California, Los Angeles. His research includes defenses against denial-of-service attacks.
Content
Foreword.
Acknowledgments.
About the Authors.
1. Introduction.
DoS and DdoS
Why Should We Care?
What Is This Book?
Who Is This Book For?
What Can This Book Help You Do?
Outline of the Remaining Chapters
2. Understanding Denial of Service.
The Ulterior Motive
Meet the Attackers
Behind the Scenes
Distribution Effects
DDoS: Hype or Reality?
How Vulnerable Are You to DDoS?
3. History of DoS and DDoS.
Motivation
Design Principles of the Internet
DoS and DDoS Evolution
4. How Attacks Are Waged.
Recruitment of the Agent Network
Controlling the DDoS Agent Network
Semantic Levels of DDoS Attacks
Attack Toolkits
What Is IP Spoofing?
DDoS Attack Trends
5. An Overview of DDoS Defenses.
Why DDoS Is a Hard Problem
DDoS Defense Challenges
Prevention versus Protection and Reaction
DDoS Defense Goals
DDoS Defense Locations
Defense Approaches
6. Detailed Defense Approaches.
Thinking about Defenses
General Strategy for DDoS Defense
Preparing to Handle a DDoS Attack
Handling an Ongoing DDoS Attack as a Target
Handling an Ongoing DDoS Attack as a Source
Agreements/Understandings with Your ISP
Analyzing DDoS tools
7. Survey of Research Defense Approaches.
Pushback
Traceback
D-WARD
NetBouncer
Secure Overlay Services (SOS)
Proof of Work
DefCOM
COSSACK
Pi
SIFF: An End-Host Capability Mechanism to Mitigate DDoS Flooding Attacks
Hop-Count Filtering (HCF)
Locality and Entropy Principles
An Empirical Analysis of Target-Resident DoS Filters
Research Prognosis
8. Legal Issues.
Basics of the U.S. Legal System
Laws That May Apply to DDoS Attacks
Who Are the Victims of DDoS?
How Often Is Legal Assistance Sought in DDoS Cases?
Initiating Legal Proceedings as a Victim of DdoS
Evidence Collection and Incident Response Procedures
Estimating Damages
Jurisdictional Issues
Domestic Legal Issues
International Legal Issues
Self-Help Options
A Few Words on Ethics
Current Trends in International Cyber Law
9. Conclusions.
Prognosis for DdoS
Social, Moral, and Legal Issues
Resources for Learning More
Conclusion
Appendix A. Glossary.
Appendix B. Survey of Commercial Defense Approaches.
Mazu Enforcer by Mazu Networks
Peakflow by Arbor Networks
WS Series Appliances by Webscreen Technologies
Captus IPS by Captus Networks
MANAnet Shield by CS3
Cisco Traffic Anomaly Detector XT and Cisco Guard XT
StealthWatch by Lancope
Summary
Appendix C. DDoS Data.
2004 CSI/FBI Computer Crime and Security Survey
Inferring Internet Denial-of-Service Activity
A Framework for Classifying Denial-of- Service Attacks
Observations and Experiences Tracking Denial-of-Service Attacks across a Regional ISP
Report on the DDoS Attack on the DNS Root Servers
Conclusion
References.
Index.
Acknowledgments.
About the Authors.
1. Introduction.
DoS and DdoS
Why Should We Care?
What Is This Book?
Who Is This Book For?
What Can This Book Help You Do?
Outline of the Remaining Chapters
2. Understanding Denial of Service.
The Ulterior Motive
Meet the Attackers
Behind the Scenes
Distribution Effects
DDoS: Hype or Reality?
How Vulnerable Are You to DDoS?
3. History of DoS and DDoS.
Motivation
Design Principles of the Internet
DoS and DDoS Evolution
4. How Attacks Are Waged.
Recruitment of the Agent Network
Controlling the DDoS Agent Network
Semantic Levels of DDoS Attacks
Attack Toolkits
What Is IP Spoofing?
DDoS Attack Trends
5. An Overview of DDoS Defenses.
Why DDoS Is a Hard Problem
DDoS Defense Challenges
Prevention versus Protection and Reaction
DDoS Defense Goals
DDoS Defense Locations
Defense Approaches
6. Detailed Defense Approaches.
Thinking about Defenses
General Strategy for DDoS Defense
Preparing to Handle a DDoS Attack
Handling an Ongoing DDoS Attack as a Target
Handling an Ongoing DDoS Attack as a Source
Agreements/Understandings with Your ISP
Analyzing DDoS tools
7. Survey of Research Defense Approaches.
Pushback
Traceback
D-WARD
NetBouncer
Secure Overlay Services (SOS)
Proof of Work
DefCOM
COSSACK
Pi
SIFF: An End-Host Capability Mechanism to Mitigate DDoS Flooding Attacks
Hop-Count Filtering (HCF)
Locality and Entropy Principles
An Empirical Analysis of Target-Resident DoS Filters
Research Prognosis
8. Legal Issues.
Basics of the U.S. Legal System
Laws That May Apply to DDoS Attacks
Who Are the Victims of DDoS?
How Often Is Legal Assistance Sought in DDoS Cases?
Initiating Legal Proceedings as a Victim of DdoS
Evidence Collection and Incident Response Procedures
Estimating Damages
Jurisdictional Issues
Domestic Legal Issues
International Legal Issues
Self-Help Options
A Few Words on Ethics
Current Trends in International Cyber Law
9. Conclusions.
Prognosis for DdoS
Social, Moral, and Legal Issues
Resources for Learning More
Conclusion
Appendix A. Glossary.
Appendix B. Survey of Commercial Defense Approaches.
Mazu Enforcer by Mazu Networks
Peakflow by Arbor Networks
WS Series Appliances by Webscreen Technologies
Captus IPS by Captus Networks
MANAnet Shield by CS3
Cisco Traffic Anomaly Detector XT and Cisco Guard XT
StealthWatch by Lancope
Summary
Appendix C. DDoS Data.
2004 CSI/FBI Computer Crime and Security Survey
Inferring Internet Denial-of-Service Activity
A Framework for Classifying Denial-of- Service Attacks
Observations and Experiences Tracking Denial-of-Service Attacks across a Regional ISP
Report on the DDoS Attack on the DNS Root Servers
Conclusion
References.
Index.