Comparative Politics
Integrating Theories, Methods, and Cases
3rd Edition
Published on 16. July 2018
Book
Paperback/Softback
696 pages
978-0-19-085486-7 (ISBN)
Description
Do you ever wonder how transnational social movements get started?
Or how economic development can differ so much from one country to the next?
Or what the relationship might be between world religions and conflict across the globe?
Dickovick and Eastwood's approach to the field integrates the discussion of theories, methods, and cases in order to teach students how to become comparativists-to think about, analyze, and understand the big questions in our world today.
Comparative Politics: Integrating Theories, Methods, and Cases, Third Edition, is a mainstream, thematic text that uses a systematic approach and structure to convey timely issues in current comparative politics. Chapters highlight three principle elements of comparative political analysis - methods, theories, and evidence - which interact to shape major questions and debates in the field. Additionally, this text looks systematically at issues of political economy, institutions, and
social change. The text uses U.S. and UK political systems as a familiar jumping-off point for students while addressing other countries in the narative. Each chapter concludes with a country case study for a truly comparative approach to the content.
Or how economic development can differ so much from one country to the next?
Or what the relationship might be between world religions and conflict across the globe?
Dickovick and Eastwood's approach to the field integrates the discussion of theories, methods, and cases in order to teach students how to become comparativists-to think about, analyze, and understand the big questions in our world today.
Comparative Politics: Integrating Theories, Methods, and Cases, Third Edition, is a mainstream, thematic text that uses a systematic approach and structure to convey timely issues in current comparative politics. Chapters highlight three principle elements of comparative political analysis - methods, theories, and evidence - which interact to shape major questions and debates in the field. Additionally, this text looks systematically at issues of political economy, institutions, and
social change. The text uses U.S. and UK political systems as a familiar jumping-off point for students while addressing other countries in the narative. Each chapter concludes with a country case study for a truly comparative approach to the content.
Reviews / Votes
Comparative Politics, Third Edition, is the best text on the market. It encourages critical thinking, promotes a hands-on comparativist experience, and thoroughly engages students with the major themes, debates, and discussions in comparative politics." * Anastasia Kuz-Grady, University of North Carolina, Wilmington* The mix of theory, methodology, and case studies introduces comparative analysis in an accessible way. My students appreciate the text's readability." * Cheryl Van Den Handel, Northeastern State University
*
More details
Edition
3rd Revised edition
Language
English
Place of publication
New York
United States
Target group
College/higher education
Edition type
Revised edition
Dimensions
Height: 234 mm
Width: 190 mm
Thickness: 23 mm
Weight
1050 gr
ISBN-13
978-0-19-085486-7 (9780190854867)
Copyright in bibliographic data and cover images is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or by the publishers or by their respective licensors: all rights reserved.
Schweitzer Classification
Persons
J. Tyler Dickovick is the Grigsby Term Associate Professor of Politics at Washington and Lee University.
Jonathan Eastwood is the Laurent Boetsch Term Professor of Sociology at Washington and Lee University.
Jonathan Eastwood is the Laurent Boetsch Term Professor of Sociology at Washington and Lee University.
Content
Contents
Insights
Preface
Maps of the World
PART I: Comparative Political Analysis
CHAPTER 1
The Comparative Approach: An Introduction
Asking Why: Research Questions in Comparative Politics
Major Questions in Comparative Politics
Empirical Arguments Versus Normative Arguments
Solving Intellectual Puzzles: A Contemporary Analogy
Concepts
Features of Good Concepts
Conceptualization
Operationalizing: From Concepts to Measures
Empirical Evidence
Facts and Evidence
Cases and Case Studies
The Comparative Method
Variables and Comparison
Most-Similar-Systems Design
Most-Different-Systems Design
Comparative Checking
Within-Case Comparison
Is the Study of Politics a Science? The Limits of the Comparative Method
CHAPTER 2
Theories, Hypotheses, and Evidence
Introduction to Theories, Hypotheses, and Evidence
Theories
Hypotheses
How Theories Emerge and Are Used
Types of Evidence
Hypothesis Testing
Correlation
Causation
Critiques: Using Theory and Evidence
Empirical Critiques: Using Deviant Cases
Theoretical Critiques: Improving Theories and Hypotheses
The Challenges of Measurement: Biases, Errors, and Validity
THINKING COMPARATIVELY Qualities of Good Analysis and Argumentation
Step 1: Asking Good Questions: Why?
Step 2: Hypothesis Testing: Generating Good Hypotheses and Testing Them Fairly
Step 3: Balancing Argumentation: Evidence, Originality, and Meaningfulness
PART II: The State, Development, Democracy, and Authoritarianism
CHAPTER 3
The State
Concepts
The Modern State
State Capacity
Failed States
The State-Society Relationship
Types
Characteristics of Modern States
Bureaucracy
Impersonality
Sovereignty
Traditional Functions of States
Defense
Policing
Taxation
Order, Administration, and "Legibility"
Causes and Effects: Why Did States Emerge and Expand?
Political/Conflict Theories
Economic Theories
Cultural Theories
Diffusion Theories
THINKING COMPARATIVELY Great Britain, the United Kingdom, or Neither? State and Nation in England and Scotland
CASES IN CONTEXT
Mexico
France
United Kingdom
Nigeria
CHAPTER 4
Political Economy
Concepts
Inequality
Employment and Inflation
Types
Markets and States in Modern Economies
Markets and Economic Performance
States and Economic Performance
Economic Functions of Modern States
States and Economic Management
Investments in Human Capital: Education and Health
Infrastructure and Other Public Goods
Welfare State Functions
Causes and Effects: Why Do Welfare States Emerge?
Cultural Changes
Industrial Capitalism
Mobilization and Political Action
International Learning Effects
THINKING COMPARATIVELY Welfare States in the Nordic Countries: What Can We Learn and How?
CASES IN CONTEXT
United States
United Kingdom
Japan
Germany
CHAPTER
Development
Concepts
Types
Poverty
Social Outcomes and Human Development
Gender Relations and Racial and Ethnic Identities
Satisfaction and Happiness
Cultural Development
Sustainability
Causes and Effects: Why Does Development Happen?
Institutions: The Market-State Debate, Revisited
Institutions: Beyond the Market-State Debate
Culture and Development
Civil Society, Social Capital, and Trust
Religion
Value Systems
Systems and Structures: Domestic and International
Domestic Economic Structures and Class Interests
International Economic Structures and Class Interests
Geography
THINKING COMPARATIVELY Explaining the Development of North and South Korea
CASES IN CONTEXT
India
Nigeria
China
Brazil
CHAPTER 6
Democracy and Democratization
Concepts
Democracy and Democratic Regimes
Procedural (Minimal) Definitions of Democracy
Substantive Definitions of Democracy
Regime Change and Democratization
Types
Types of Democracy
Representative Democracy
Direct Democracy
Types of Democratization
Democratic Transitions
Democratic Consolidation
Causes and Effects: What Causes Democratization?
Modernization
Culture and Democracy
The International System
Domestic Institutions
Agents and Actors: The Role of Individuals and Groups
Combining Arguments and Theories: Multiple Causes
THINKING COMPARATIVELY Is American Democracy a Model?
CASES IN CONTEXT
Brazil
China
India
United States
CHAPTER 7
Authoritarian Regimes and Democratic Breakdown
Concepts
Authoritarianism and Authoritarian Regimes
Transitions to Authoritarian Regimes
Types
Types of Authoritarianism
Totalitarian Regimes
Theocracies
Personalistic Dictatorships
Bureaucratic-Authoritarian Regimes
Hybrid and Semi-authoritarian Regimes
Types of Transition (or Nontransition) to Authoritarianism
Authoritarian Persistence
Democratic Breakdown
Transition to Hybrid or Semi-authoritarian Regime
Causes and Effects: What Causes Authoritarian Regimes to Emerge and Persist?
Historical Institutionalist Theories
Poverty and Inequality
State Weakness and Failure
Political Culture Theories of Authoritarian Persistence
Barriers to Collective Action
Special Causal Circumstances Surrounding Hybrid and Semi-Authoritarian Regimes
THINKING COMPARATIVELY Why Did Zimbabwe Become and Remain Authoritarian?
CASES IN CONTEXT
Iran
Russia
Mexico
Germany
France
PART III: Institutions of Government
CHAPTER 8
Constitutions and Constitutional Design
Concepts
Constitutions
Constitutional Design
Types
Flexible and Rigid Constitutions
Separation of Powers: Judicial Review and Parliamentary Sovereignty
Federalism and Unitarism
Federalism
Unitarism
Authoritarian and Democratic Constitutions
Causes and Effects: What Are the Effects of Federal and Unitary Constitutions?
What Constitutional Designs Support Social Stability?
What Constitutional Designs Support Democratic Rights?
What Constitutional Designs Support the Economy?
Judicial Review and Democracy
What Explains the Similarities Between the Brazilian and South African Constitutions?
United Kingdom
Iran
Nigeria
India
United States
CHAPTER 9
Legislatures and Legislative Elections
Concepts
What Legislatures Are
What Legislatures Do
Types
Unicameral and Bicameral Legislatures
Electoral Systems
District Systems
Proportional Representation (PR)
Mixed or Hybrid
Executive-Legislative Relations
Causes and Effects: What Explains Patterns of Representation?
Patterns of Representation
Electoral Systems and Representation
Legislative Decision Making and Representation
Executive-Legislative Relations and Representation
THINKING COMPARATIVELY Representation in New Zealand and Beyond
CASES IN CONTEXT
United Kingdom
Brazil
Japan
Germany
United States
CHAPTER 10
Executives
Concepts
Types
Executive Structures: Presidential and Parliamentary
Formal Powers
Partisan Powers
Coalitions
Informal Powers
Causes and Effects: What Explains Executive Stability?
Stable and Unstable Regimes: Presidentialism, Parliamentarism, and Democracy
Stable and Unstable Executives: Styles of Presidential Rule
Stable and Unstable Executives: Patterns of Parliamentary Rule
THINKING COMPARATIVELY Beyond the American and British Models
CASES IN CONTEXT
France
United States
Russia
China
Nigeria
CHAPTER 11
Political Parties, Party Systems, and Interest Groups
Concepts
Political Parties
Party Systems
Interest Groups
Types
Political Parties: Elite, Mass, and Catch-All Parties
Party Systems: Dominant-Party, Two-Party, and Multiparty Systems
Interest Groups: Pluralism and Corporatism
Causes and Effects: Why Do Party Systems Emerge, and What Effects Do They Have?
Party Systems and Representation
What Factors Shape Party Systems?
How Do Party Systems Shape Political Outcomes?
Interest Groups and Representation
THINKING COMPARATIVELY Party Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa
CASES IN CONTEXT
China
Japan
Germany
Russia
Mexico
PART IV: Politics, Society, and Culture
CHAPTER 12
Revolutions and Contention
Concepts
What Is "Contention"?
Revolutionary and Non-Revolutionary Contention
Types
Social Movements
Revolutions
Insurgencies and Civil Wars
Terrorism
"Everyday Resistance"
Thinking About Contention: Summary
Causes and Effects: Why Do Revolutions Happen?
Relative Deprivation
Resource Mobilization and Political Opportunities
Rational Choice
Culture or "Framing" Explanations
thinking comparatively The "Arab Spring" of 2011
CASES IN CONTEXT
Brazil
France
Russia
China
Iran
CHAPTER 13
Nationalism and National Identity
Concepts
Identity
Nationalism, National Identity, and the Nation
Types
Civic and Ethnic Nationalism
Jus sanguinis and jus soli
Limits of Typologies in the Study of National Identity
Causes and Effects: What Causes Ethno-National Conflict?
Primordial Bonds
Cultural Boundaries
Material Interests
Rational Calculation
Social Psychology
THINKING COMPARATIVELY Ending Ethnic and National Violence
CASES IN CONTEXT
United Kingdom
Mexico
Japan
Germany
Nigeria
CHAPTER 14
Race, Ethnicity, and Gender
Concepts
Race and Ethnicity
Gender
Sexual Orientation
Types
Disentangling Race and Ethnicity
Discrimination Based on Race and Ethnicity
Gender Discrimination
Empowerment of Women and Minority Groups
Causes and Effects: What Factors Influence the Political Representation of Women and Minority Groups?
Social Movement Mobilization
Political Parties Based on Gender or Ethnicity
Institutions for Promoting Women's and Minority Group Representation
THINKING COMPARATIVELY Measuring Gender Empowerment
CASES IN CONTEXT
Iran
Japan
Brazil
Mexico
India
CHAPTER 15
Ideology and Religion in Modern Politics
Concepts
Modernity and Modernization
Ideology
Religion
Secularization, Religion, and Modern Politics
Religious Conflict
Types
Modern Ideologies
Liberalism
Fascism
Socialism
Modern Forms of Religion in Politics
Lay and Religious States
Denominationalism
Causes and Effects: Why Does Ideology Remain Prevalent in Modern Politics?
Why Didn't Ideology (and History) End?
THINKING COMPARATIVELY Is 21st-Century Populism an Ideology?
CASES IN CONTEXT
United Kingdom
Russia
France
Iran
Nigeria
PART V: The Comparative-International Nexus
CHAPTER 16
Comparative Politics and International Relations
Concepts
Issues
Globalization and Trade
International Institutions and Integration
Immigration
Environment and Sustainability
Transnational Networks
Nuclear Threats and Terrorism
Causes and Effects: What Are the Main Causes in International Relations?
Realism
Liberalism
Constructivism
Marxism
THINKING COMPARATIVELY The EU and Levels of Analysis
CASES IN CONTEXT
United States
France
Japan
Iran
India
PART VI: Country Profiles and Cases
Brazil
Profile
Introduction 399 Historical Development 401 Regime and Political Institutions Political Culture
Political Economy
CASE STUDIES
Does the Global Economy Help or Hurt Developing Nations? (Chapter 5)
Democratic Consolidation in Brazil (Chapter 6)
Electoral Rules and Party (In)Discipline in Brazil's Legislature (Chapter 9)
Brazil's Landless Movement (Chapter 12)
Gender and Political Representation in Brazil: Where Has Progress Come From? (Chapter 14)
China
PROFILE
Introduction
Historical Development
Regime and Political Institutions
Political Culture
Political Economy
CASE STUDIES
How Did China Become an Economic Power? (Chapter 5)
Is China Destined for Democracy? (Chapter 6)
Who Governs China? (Chapter 10)
The Chinese Party System (Chapter 11)
The Chinese Revolution (Chapter 12)
France
PROFILE
Introduction
Historical Development
Regime and Political Institutions
Political Culture
Political Economy
CASE STUDIES
The State in France (Chapter 3)
Authoritarian Persistence in Nineteenth-Century France (Chapter 7)
Electing the French President: What Do Runoffs Do? (Chapter 10)
The French Revolution (Chapter 12)
Religion and Secularism in France (Chapter 15)
Globalization and Culture in France (Chapter 16)
Germany
PROFILE
Introduction
Historical Development
Regime and Political Institutions
Political Culture
Political Economy
CASE STUDIES
The German State: Unification and Welfare (Chapter 4)
Democracy and Authoritarianism in Germany (Chapter 7)
Institutional Design: Germany's Bundestag and Bundesrat (Chapter 9)
Consensus-Based Politics in Germany (Chapter 11)
Ethnic Boundaries of the German Nation? (Chapter 13)
India
PROFILE
Introduction
Historical Development
Regime and Political Institutions
Political Culture
Political Economy
CASE STUDIES
What Explain India's Recent Growth? (Chapter 5)
Democracy's Success in India: What Can We Learn from a Deviant Case? (Chapter 6)
Federalism and Differences in Development in India (Chapter 8)
Ethnicity and Political Parties in India (Chapter 14)
India in the Twenty-First Century: Domestic Politics, Identity, and Security (Chapter 16)
Iran (Islamic Republic of Iran)
PROFILE
Introduction
Historical Development
Regime and Political Institutions
Political Culture
Political Economy
CASE STUDIES
Democratic Features of Authoritarian Systems? The Case of Iran (Chapter 7)
Constitutional Design: Theocracy in Iran (Chapter 8)
Iran's Islamic Revolution and "Green Revolution"? (Chapter 12)
Gender in Post-Revolutionary Iranian Politics (Chapter 14)
Religion and Politics in Iran (Chapter 15)
Iran and the Politics of Nuclear Proliferation (Chapter 16)
Japan
PROFILE
Introduction
Historical Development
Regime and Political Institutions
Political Culture
Political Economy
CASE STUDIES
State-Led Development in Japan (Chapter 4)
The Hybrid Electoral System of the Japanese Diet (Chapter 9)
How Has Japan's Dominant Party Won for So Long? (Chapter 11)
Importing National Identity in Japan? (Chapter 13)
Gender Empowerment in Japan? (Chapter 14)
Resource Management in Japan (Chapter 16)
Mexico
PROFILE
Introduction
Historical Development
Regime and Political Institutions
Political Culture
Political Economy
CASE STUDIES
The Mexican State and Rule of Law (Chapter 3)
Mexico's "Perfect Dictatorship" and Its End (Chapter 7)
The PRI and Corporatism in Mexico (Chapter 11)
Industrialization, Modernity, and National Identity in Mexico (Chapter 13)
Why Aren't There Major Ethnic Parties in Mexico? (Chapter 14)
Nigeria
PROFILE
Introduction
Historical Development
Regime and Political Institutions 515 Political Culture 515 Political Economy
CASE STUDIES
What Is a Weak State, and Can It Be Changed?
The Case of Nigeria (Chapter 3)
Why Are Natural Resources Sometimes a Curse?
The Nigerian Case (Chapter 5)
Federalism and the States in Nigeria: Holding Together or Tearing Apart? (Chapter 8)
The Presidency in Nigeria: Powers and Limitations (Chapter 10)
The Nigerian Civil War or Biafran War: Nationalism and Ethno-National Conflict in a Post-Colonial Society (Chapter 13)
Religious Difference and Conflict in Nigeria: Disentangling Ethnicity and Religion? (Chapter 15)
Russia (Russian Federation)
PROFILE
Introduction
Historical Development
Regime and Political Institutions
Political Culture
Political Economy
CASE STUDIES
Oligarchy, Democracy, and Authoritarianism in Russia (Chapter 7)
Executives in Russia: Formal and Informal Powers (Chapter 10)
Personalism and the Party System in Russia (Chapter 11)
The Russian Revolution (Chapter 12)
Communist Ideology in Practice-Russia and the Soviet Union (Chapter 15)
United Kingdom
PROFILE
Introduction
Historical Development
Regime and Political Institutions Political Culture
Political Economy
CASE STUDIES
The State in the United Kingdom (Chapter 3)
Political Economy of Britain (Chapter 4)
No Constitution? No Supreme Court? Constitutionality in the United Kingdom (Chapter 8)
The Mother of Parliaments: The United Kingdom and the Westminster Model (Chapter 9)
National Identity in the United Kingdom (Chapter 13)
Liberal Ideology in the United Kingdom (Chapter 15)
United States
PROFILE
Introduction
Historical Development
Regime and Political Institutions
Political Culture
Political Economy
CASE STUDIES
Did Free Markets Help the United States Get Rich? Will They in the Future? (Chapter 4)
Is American Democracy in Trouble? (Chapter 6)
Is Judicial Activism in the United States a Problem? (Chapter 8)
The United States Congress: Dysfunctional or Functioning by Design? (Chapter 9)
"The Most Powerful Person in the World"? Checks on American Presidents (Chapter 10)
The United States and the World: A Love-Hate Relationship? (Chapter 16)
Notes
Glossary
References and Further Reading
Credits
Index
Insights
Preface
Maps of the World
PART I: Comparative Political Analysis
CHAPTER 1
The Comparative Approach: An Introduction
Asking Why: Research Questions in Comparative Politics
Major Questions in Comparative Politics
Empirical Arguments Versus Normative Arguments
Solving Intellectual Puzzles: A Contemporary Analogy
Concepts
Features of Good Concepts
Conceptualization
Operationalizing: From Concepts to Measures
Empirical Evidence
Facts and Evidence
Cases and Case Studies
The Comparative Method
Variables and Comparison
Most-Similar-Systems Design
Most-Different-Systems Design
Comparative Checking
Within-Case Comparison
Is the Study of Politics a Science? The Limits of the Comparative Method
CHAPTER 2
Theories, Hypotheses, and Evidence
Introduction to Theories, Hypotheses, and Evidence
Theories
Hypotheses
How Theories Emerge and Are Used
Types of Evidence
Hypothesis Testing
Correlation
Causation
Critiques: Using Theory and Evidence
Empirical Critiques: Using Deviant Cases
Theoretical Critiques: Improving Theories and Hypotheses
The Challenges of Measurement: Biases, Errors, and Validity
THINKING COMPARATIVELY Qualities of Good Analysis and Argumentation
Step 1: Asking Good Questions: Why?
Step 2: Hypothesis Testing: Generating Good Hypotheses and Testing Them Fairly
Step 3: Balancing Argumentation: Evidence, Originality, and Meaningfulness
PART II: The State, Development, Democracy, and Authoritarianism
CHAPTER 3
The State
Concepts
The Modern State
State Capacity
Failed States
The State-Society Relationship
Types
Characteristics of Modern States
Bureaucracy
Impersonality
Sovereignty
Traditional Functions of States
Defense
Policing
Taxation
Order, Administration, and "Legibility"
Causes and Effects: Why Did States Emerge and Expand?
Political/Conflict Theories
Economic Theories
Cultural Theories
Diffusion Theories
THINKING COMPARATIVELY Great Britain, the United Kingdom, or Neither? State and Nation in England and Scotland
CASES IN CONTEXT
Mexico
France
United Kingdom
Nigeria
CHAPTER 4
Political Economy
Concepts
Inequality
Employment and Inflation
Types
Markets and States in Modern Economies
Markets and Economic Performance
States and Economic Performance
Economic Functions of Modern States
States and Economic Management
Investments in Human Capital: Education and Health
Infrastructure and Other Public Goods
Welfare State Functions
Causes and Effects: Why Do Welfare States Emerge?
Cultural Changes
Industrial Capitalism
Mobilization and Political Action
International Learning Effects
THINKING COMPARATIVELY Welfare States in the Nordic Countries: What Can We Learn and How?
CASES IN CONTEXT
United States
United Kingdom
Japan
Germany
CHAPTER
Development
Concepts
Types
Poverty
Social Outcomes and Human Development
Gender Relations and Racial and Ethnic Identities
Satisfaction and Happiness
Cultural Development
Sustainability
Causes and Effects: Why Does Development Happen?
Institutions: The Market-State Debate, Revisited
Institutions: Beyond the Market-State Debate
Culture and Development
Civil Society, Social Capital, and Trust
Religion
Value Systems
Systems and Structures: Domestic and International
Domestic Economic Structures and Class Interests
International Economic Structures and Class Interests
Geography
THINKING COMPARATIVELY Explaining the Development of North and South Korea
CASES IN CONTEXT
India
Nigeria
China
Brazil
CHAPTER 6
Democracy and Democratization
Concepts
Democracy and Democratic Regimes
Procedural (Minimal) Definitions of Democracy
Substantive Definitions of Democracy
Regime Change and Democratization
Types
Types of Democracy
Representative Democracy
Direct Democracy
Types of Democratization
Democratic Transitions
Democratic Consolidation
Causes and Effects: What Causes Democratization?
Modernization
Culture and Democracy
The International System
Domestic Institutions
Agents and Actors: The Role of Individuals and Groups
Combining Arguments and Theories: Multiple Causes
THINKING COMPARATIVELY Is American Democracy a Model?
CASES IN CONTEXT
Brazil
China
India
United States
CHAPTER 7
Authoritarian Regimes and Democratic Breakdown
Concepts
Authoritarianism and Authoritarian Regimes
Transitions to Authoritarian Regimes
Types
Types of Authoritarianism
Totalitarian Regimes
Theocracies
Personalistic Dictatorships
Bureaucratic-Authoritarian Regimes
Hybrid and Semi-authoritarian Regimes
Types of Transition (or Nontransition) to Authoritarianism
Authoritarian Persistence
Democratic Breakdown
Transition to Hybrid or Semi-authoritarian Regime
Causes and Effects: What Causes Authoritarian Regimes to Emerge and Persist?
Historical Institutionalist Theories
Poverty and Inequality
State Weakness and Failure
Political Culture Theories of Authoritarian Persistence
Barriers to Collective Action
Special Causal Circumstances Surrounding Hybrid and Semi-Authoritarian Regimes
THINKING COMPARATIVELY Why Did Zimbabwe Become and Remain Authoritarian?
CASES IN CONTEXT
Iran
Russia
Mexico
Germany
France
PART III: Institutions of Government
CHAPTER 8
Constitutions and Constitutional Design
Concepts
Constitutions
Constitutional Design
Types
Flexible and Rigid Constitutions
Separation of Powers: Judicial Review and Parliamentary Sovereignty
Federalism and Unitarism
Federalism
Unitarism
Authoritarian and Democratic Constitutions
Causes and Effects: What Are the Effects of Federal and Unitary Constitutions?
What Constitutional Designs Support Social Stability?
What Constitutional Designs Support Democratic Rights?
What Constitutional Designs Support the Economy?
Judicial Review and Democracy
What Explains the Similarities Between the Brazilian and South African Constitutions?
United Kingdom
Iran
Nigeria
India
United States
CHAPTER 9
Legislatures and Legislative Elections
Concepts
What Legislatures Are
What Legislatures Do
Types
Unicameral and Bicameral Legislatures
Electoral Systems
District Systems
Proportional Representation (PR)
Mixed or Hybrid
Executive-Legislative Relations
Causes and Effects: What Explains Patterns of Representation?
Patterns of Representation
Electoral Systems and Representation
Legislative Decision Making and Representation
Executive-Legislative Relations and Representation
THINKING COMPARATIVELY Representation in New Zealand and Beyond
CASES IN CONTEXT
United Kingdom
Brazil
Japan
Germany
United States
CHAPTER 10
Executives
Concepts
Types
Executive Structures: Presidential and Parliamentary
Formal Powers
Partisan Powers
Coalitions
Informal Powers
Causes and Effects: What Explains Executive Stability?
Stable and Unstable Regimes: Presidentialism, Parliamentarism, and Democracy
Stable and Unstable Executives: Styles of Presidential Rule
Stable and Unstable Executives: Patterns of Parliamentary Rule
THINKING COMPARATIVELY Beyond the American and British Models
CASES IN CONTEXT
France
United States
Russia
China
Nigeria
CHAPTER 11
Political Parties, Party Systems, and Interest Groups
Concepts
Political Parties
Party Systems
Interest Groups
Types
Political Parties: Elite, Mass, and Catch-All Parties
Party Systems: Dominant-Party, Two-Party, and Multiparty Systems
Interest Groups: Pluralism and Corporatism
Causes and Effects: Why Do Party Systems Emerge, and What Effects Do They Have?
Party Systems and Representation
What Factors Shape Party Systems?
How Do Party Systems Shape Political Outcomes?
Interest Groups and Representation
THINKING COMPARATIVELY Party Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa
CASES IN CONTEXT
China
Japan
Germany
Russia
Mexico
PART IV: Politics, Society, and Culture
CHAPTER 12
Revolutions and Contention
Concepts
What Is "Contention"?
Revolutionary and Non-Revolutionary Contention
Types
Social Movements
Revolutions
Insurgencies and Civil Wars
Terrorism
"Everyday Resistance"
Thinking About Contention: Summary
Causes and Effects: Why Do Revolutions Happen?
Relative Deprivation
Resource Mobilization and Political Opportunities
Rational Choice
Culture or "Framing" Explanations
thinking comparatively The "Arab Spring" of 2011
CASES IN CONTEXT
Brazil
France
Russia
China
Iran
CHAPTER 13
Nationalism and National Identity
Concepts
Identity
Nationalism, National Identity, and the Nation
Types
Civic and Ethnic Nationalism
Jus sanguinis and jus soli
Limits of Typologies in the Study of National Identity
Causes and Effects: What Causes Ethno-National Conflict?
Primordial Bonds
Cultural Boundaries
Material Interests
Rational Calculation
Social Psychology
THINKING COMPARATIVELY Ending Ethnic and National Violence
CASES IN CONTEXT
United Kingdom
Mexico
Japan
Germany
Nigeria
CHAPTER 14
Race, Ethnicity, and Gender
Concepts
Race and Ethnicity
Gender
Sexual Orientation
Types
Disentangling Race and Ethnicity
Discrimination Based on Race and Ethnicity
Gender Discrimination
Empowerment of Women and Minority Groups
Causes and Effects: What Factors Influence the Political Representation of Women and Minority Groups?
Social Movement Mobilization
Political Parties Based on Gender or Ethnicity
Institutions for Promoting Women's and Minority Group Representation
THINKING COMPARATIVELY Measuring Gender Empowerment
CASES IN CONTEXT
Iran
Japan
Brazil
Mexico
India
CHAPTER 15
Ideology and Religion in Modern Politics
Concepts
Modernity and Modernization
Ideology
Religion
Secularization, Religion, and Modern Politics
Religious Conflict
Types
Modern Ideologies
Liberalism
Fascism
Socialism
Modern Forms of Religion in Politics
Lay and Religious States
Denominationalism
Causes and Effects: Why Does Ideology Remain Prevalent in Modern Politics?
Why Didn't Ideology (and History) End?
THINKING COMPARATIVELY Is 21st-Century Populism an Ideology?
CASES IN CONTEXT
United Kingdom
Russia
France
Iran
Nigeria
PART V: The Comparative-International Nexus
CHAPTER 16
Comparative Politics and International Relations
Concepts
Issues
Globalization and Trade
International Institutions and Integration
Immigration
Environment and Sustainability
Transnational Networks
Nuclear Threats and Terrorism
Causes and Effects: What Are the Main Causes in International Relations?
Realism
Liberalism
Constructivism
Marxism
THINKING COMPARATIVELY The EU and Levels of Analysis
CASES IN CONTEXT
United States
France
Japan
Iran
India
PART VI: Country Profiles and Cases
Brazil
Profile
Introduction 399 Historical Development 401 Regime and Political Institutions Political Culture
Political Economy
CASE STUDIES
Does the Global Economy Help or Hurt Developing Nations? (Chapter 5)
Democratic Consolidation in Brazil (Chapter 6)
Electoral Rules and Party (In)Discipline in Brazil's Legislature (Chapter 9)
Brazil's Landless Movement (Chapter 12)
Gender and Political Representation in Brazil: Where Has Progress Come From? (Chapter 14)
China
PROFILE
Introduction
Historical Development
Regime and Political Institutions
Political Culture
Political Economy
CASE STUDIES
How Did China Become an Economic Power? (Chapter 5)
Is China Destined for Democracy? (Chapter 6)
Who Governs China? (Chapter 10)
The Chinese Party System (Chapter 11)
The Chinese Revolution (Chapter 12)
France
PROFILE
Introduction
Historical Development
Regime and Political Institutions
Political Culture
Political Economy
CASE STUDIES
The State in France (Chapter 3)
Authoritarian Persistence in Nineteenth-Century France (Chapter 7)
Electing the French President: What Do Runoffs Do? (Chapter 10)
The French Revolution (Chapter 12)
Religion and Secularism in France (Chapter 15)
Globalization and Culture in France (Chapter 16)
Germany
PROFILE
Introduction
Historical Development
Regime and Political Institutions
Political Culture
Political Economy
CASE STUDIES
The German State: Unification and Welfare (Chapter 4)
Democracy and Authoritarianism in Germany (Chapter 7)
Institutional Design: Germany's Bundestag and Bundesrat (Chapter 9)
Consensus-Based Politics in Germany (Chapter 11)
Ethnic Boundaries of the German Nation? (Chapter 13)
India
PROFILE
Introduction
Historical Development
Regime and Political Institutions
Political Culture
Political Economy
CASE STUDIES
What Explain India's Recent Growth? (Chapter 5)
Democracy's Success in India: What Can We Learn from a Deviant Case? (Chapter 6)
Federalism and Differences in Development in India (Chapter 8)
Ethnicity and Political Parties in India (Chapter 14)
India in the Twenty-First Century: Domestic Politics, Identity, and Security (Chapter 16)
Iran (Islamic Republic of Iran)
PROFILE
Introduction
Historical Development
Regime and Political Institutions
Political Culture
Political Economy
CASE STUDIES
Democratic Features of Authoritarian Systems? The Case of Iran (Chapter 7)
Constitutional Design: Theocracy in Iran (Chapter 8)
Iran's Islamic Revolution and "Green Revolution"? (Chapter 12)
Gender in Post-Revolutionary Iranian Politics (Chapter 14)
Religion and Politics in Iran (Chapter 15)
Iran and the Politics of Nuclear Proliferation (Chapter 16)
Japan
PROFILE
Introduction
Historical Development
Regime and Political Institutions
Political Culture
Political Economy
CASE STUDIES
State-Led Development in Japan (Chapter 4)
The Hybrid Electoral System of the Japanese Diet (Chapter 9)
How Has Japan's Dominant Party Won for So Long? (Chapter 11)
Importing National Identity in Japan? (Chapter 13)
Gender Empowerment in Japan? (Chapter 14)
Resource Management in Japan (Chapter 16)
Mexico
PROFILE
Introduction
Historical Development
Regime and Political Institutions
Political Culture
Political Economy
CASE STUDIES
The Mexican State and Rule of Law (Chapter 3)
Mexico's "Perfect Dictatorship" and Its End (Chapter 7)
The PRI and Corporatism in Mexico (Chapter 11)
Industrialization, Modernity, and National Identity in Mexico (Chapter 13)
Why Aren't There Major Ethnic Parties in Mexico? (Chapter 14)
Nigeria
PROFILE
Introduction
Historical Development
Regime and Political Institutions 515 Political Culture 515 Political Economy
CASE STUDIES
What Is a Weak State, and Can It Be Changed?
The Case of Nigeria (Chapter 3)
Why Are Natural Resources Sometimes a Curse?
The Nigerian Case (Chapter 5)
Federalism and the States in Nigeria: Holding Together or Tearing Apart? (Chapter 8)
The Presidency in Nigeria: Powers and Limitations (Chapter 10)
The Nigerian Civil War or Biafran War: Nationalism and Ethno-National Conflict in a Post-Colonial Society (Chapter 13)
Religious Difference and Conflict in Nigeria: Disentangling Ethnicity and Religion? (Chapter 15)
Russia (Russian Federation)
PROFILE
Introduction
Historical Development
Regime and Political Institutions
Political Culture
Political Economy
CASE STUDIES
Oligarchy, Democracy, and Authoritarianism in Russia (Chapter 7)
Executives in Russia: Formal and Informal Powers (Chapter 10)
Personalism and the Party System in Russia (Chapter 11)
The Russian Revolution (Chapter 12)
Communist Ideology in Practice-Russia and the Soviet Union (Chapter 15)
United Kingdom
PROFILE
Introduction
Historical Development
Regime and Political Institutions Political Culture
Political Economy
CASE STUDIES
The State in the United Kingdom (Chapter 3)
Political Economy of Britain (Chapter 4)
No Constitution? No Supreme Court? Constitutionality in the United Kingdom (Chapter 8)
The Mother of Parliaments: The United Kingdom and the Westminster Model (Chapter 9)
National Identity in the United Kingdom (Chapter 13)
Liberal Ideology in the United Kingdom (Chapter 15)
United States
PROFILE
Introduction
Historical Development
Regime and Political Institutions
Political Culture
Political Economy
CASE STUDIES
Did Free Markets Help the United States Get Rich? Will They in the Future? (Chapter 4)
Is American Democracy in Trouble? (Chapter 6)
Is Judicial Activism in the United States a Problem? (Chapter 8)
The United States Congress: Dysfunctional or Functioning by Design? (Chapter 9)
"The Most Powerful Person in the World"? Checks on American Presidents (Chapter 10)
The United States and the World: A Love-Hate Relationship? (Chapter 16)
Notes
Glossary
References and Further Reading
Credits
Index