Solidification, Second Edition

Overview


Introduction


Solidification processes


References





PART 1 FUNDAMENTALS AND MACROSCALE PHENOMENA





Thermodynamics


Introduction


Thermodynamics of unary systems


Binary alloys


Departure from equilibrium


Exercises


References





Phase diagrams


Motivation


Binary systems


Ternary systems


Exercises


References





Balance Equations


Introduction


Mass balance


Momentum balance


Energy balance


Solute balance in multicomponent systems


Scaling


Exercises


References





Analytical solutions for solidification


Introduction


Solidification in a superheated melt


Solidification in an undercooled melt


The effect of curvature


Exercises


References





Numerical methods for solidification


Introduction


Heat conduction without phase change


Heat conduction with phase change


Fluid flow


Optimization and inverse methods


Exercises


References





PART II MICROSTRUCTURE





Nucleation


Introduction


Homogeneous nucleation


Heterogeneous nucleation


Mechanisms for grain refinement


Exercises


References


Dendritic growth


Introduction


Free growth


Constrained growth


Growth of a needle crystal


Convection and dendritic growth


Phase-field methods


Exercises


References





Eutectics, peritectics and microstructure selection


Introduction


Eutectics


Peritectics


Phase selection and coupled zone


Exercises


References





Microsegregation and homogenization


Introduction


1-D microsegregation models for binary alloys


Homogenization and solution treatment


Multicomponent alloys


Exercises


References





Macro- and microstructures


Introduction


Equiaxed grains growing in a uniform temperature field


Grains nucleating and growing in a thermal gradient


Columnar grains


Columnar-to-Equiaxed Transition


Micro-macroscopic models


Exercises


References





PART III DEFECTS





Porosity


Introduction


Governing equations


Interdendritic fluid flow and pressure drop


Thermodynamics of gases in solution


Nucleation and growth of pores


Boundary conditions


Application of the concepts


Exercises


References





Deformation during solidification and hot tearing


Introduction


Thermomechanics of castings


Deformation of the mushy zone


Hot tearing


Hot tearing criteria and models


Exercises


References





Macrosegregation


Introduction


Macrosegregation during planar front solidification


Composition field and governing equations


Macrosegregation induced by solidification shrinkage


Macrosegragation induced by fluid flow


Macrosegregation induced by solid movement


Exercises


References