Intellectual Property and Economic Development
Published on 10. November 2020
Book
Hardback
1440 pages
978-1-78643-630-6 (ISBN)
Description
The economic impact of intellectual property rights has been the subject of considerable debate and research. This engaging research review discusses literature by distinguished scholars who have addressed, from different perspectives and in different contexts, how such rights help to shape goods and technology markets. The economic effects of intellectual property vary depending on the sectors involved, the level of development of the countries where they apply, and the policies implemented to govern their recognition and enforcement. Written by an expert in the field, this review is essential reading for academics, students, professionals and policy makers interested in understanding the role of intellectual property in national economies as well as in an international dimension.
More details
Series
Language
English
Place of publication
Cheltenham
United Kingdom
Target group
Professional and scholarly
Dimensions
Height: 244 mm
Width: 169 mm
ISBN-13
978-1-78643-630-6 (9781786436306)
Copyright in bibliographic data and cover images is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or by the publishers or by their respective licensors: all rights reserved.
Schweitzer Classification
Person
Edited by Carlos M. Correa, Executive Director, South Centre, Geneva, Switzerland
Content
Contents:
Volume I
Introduction Carlos M. Correa
PART I HISTORICAL STUDIES [150 pp]
1. Josh Lerner (2002), '150 Years of Patent Protection', American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings, 92 (2), May, 221-5 [5]
2. Petra Moser (2013), 'Patents and Innovation: Evidence from Economic History', Journal of Economic Perspectives, 27 (1), Winter, 23-44 [22]
3. Ha-Joon Chang (2001), 'Intellectual Property Rights and Economic Development: Historical Lessons and Emerging Issues', Journal of Human Development, 2 (2), 287-309 [23]
4. Joel Mokyr (2009), 'Intellectual Property Rights, the Industrial Revolution, and the Beginnings of Modern Economic Growth', American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings, 99 (2), May, 349-55 [7]
5. B. Zorina Khan and Kenneth L. Sokoloff (2001), 'History Lessons: The Early Development of Intellectual Property Institutions in the United States', Journal of Economic Perspectives, 15 (3), Summer, 233-46 [14]
6. Luis Angeles (2011), 'Institutions, Property Rights, and Economic Development in Historical Perspective', Kyklos, 64 (2), May, 157-77 [21]
7. B. Zorina Khan (2002), 'Intellectual Property and Economic Development: Lessons from American and European History', Commission on Intellectual Property Rights: Study Paper 1a, accessed on 30th November 2017, 1-58, https://www.scribd.com/document/253416478/Khan-Intellectual-Property-and-Economic-Development-Lessons-From-American-and-European-History [58]
PART II GENERAL (INCLUDING ECONOMETRIC STUDIES) [398 pp]
8. Carsten Fink and Keith E. Maskus (2005), 'Why We Study Intellectual Property Rights and What We Have Learned', in Intellectual Property and Development: Lessons from Recent Economic Research, Chapter 1, Washington, DC, USA: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank and New York, NY, USA: Oxford University Press, 1-15 [15]
9. Juan C. Ginarte and Walter G. Park (1997), 'Determinants of Patent Rights: A Cross-National Study', Research Policy, 26 (3), October, 283-301
[19]
10. Joseph E. Stiglitz (2008), 'Economic Foundations of Intellectual Property Rights', Duke Law Journal, 57 (6), April, 1693-724 [32]
11. Robert L. Ostergard, Jr (2014), 'Economic Growth and Intellectual Property Rights Protection: A Reassessment of the Conventional Wisdom', in Daniel Gervais (ed.), Intellectual Property, Trade and Development: Strategies to Optimize Economic Development in a TRIPS-Plus Era, 2nd edition, Part I, Chapter 1, Oxford, UK and New York, NY, USA: Oxford University Press, 3-40 [38]
12. Keith E. Maskus (2000), 'Intellectual Property Rights and Economic Development', Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, 32 (3), 471-506 [36]
13. Robert P. Merges (2000), 'Intellectual Property Rights and the New Institutional Economics', Vanderbilt Law Review, 53 (6), November, 1857-877 [21]
14. Yi Qian (2007), 'Do National Patent Laws Stimulate Domestic Innovation in a Global Patenting Environment? A Cross-Country Analysis of Pharmaceutical Patent Protection, 1978-2002', Review of Economics and Statistics, 89 (3), August, 436-53 [18]
15. Ryo Horii and Tatsuro Iwaisako (2007), 'Economic Growth with Imperfect Protection of Intellectual Property Rights', Journal of Economics, 90 (1), January, 45-85 [41]
16. Roberto Mazzoleni and Richard R. Nelson (1998), 'The Benefits and Costs of Strong Patent Protection: A Contribution to the Current Debate', Research Policy, 27 (3), July, 273-84 [12]
17. William Daley (2014), 'In Search of Optimality: Innovation, Economic Development, and Intellectual Property Rights', Global Sustainable Development Report (GSDR) Prototype Briefs 2014, accessed on 30th November 2017, 1-6, https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/science/crowdsourcedbriefs [6]
18. David M. Gould and William C. Gruben (1996), 'The Role of Intellectual Property Rights in Economic Growth', Journal of Development Economics, 48 (2), March, 323-50 [28]
19. Rod Falvey, Neil Foster and David Greenaway (2006), 'Intellectual Property Rights and Economic Growth', Review of Development Economics, 10 (4), November, 700-19 [20]
20. Alexander Peukert (2017), 'Intellectual Property and Development - Narratives and their Empirical Validity', Journal of World Intellectual Property, 20 (1-2), March, 2-23 [22]
21. Yuichi Furukawa (2007), 'The Protection of Intellectual Property Rights and Endogenous Growth: Is Stronger Always Better?', Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 31 (11), November, 3644-70 [27]
22. Andrew Torrance and Bill Tomlinson (2009), 'Patents and the Regress of Useful Arts', Columbia Science and Technology Law Review, X, May, 130-68
[39]
23. Amy Jocelyn Glass and Kamal Saggi (2002), 'Intellectual Property Rights and Foreign Direct Investment', Journal of International Economics, 56 (2), March, 387-410 [24]
PART III SECTORAL STUDIES [146 pp]
24. Bronwyn H. Hall and Christian Helmers (2010), 'The Role of Patent Protection in (Clean/Green) Technology Transfer', Santa Clara Computer and High Technology Law Journal, 26 (4), 487-532 [46]
25. Albert G. Z. Hu and I. P. L. Png (2013), 'Patent Rights and Economic Growth: Evidence from Cross-Country Panels of Manufacturing Industries', Oxford Economic Papers, 65 (3), July, 675-98 [24]
26. Richard C. Levin, Alvin K. Klevorick, Richard R. Nelson and Sidney G. Winter (1987), 'Appropriating the Returns from Industrial Research and Development', Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1987 (3), 783-831 [49]
27. Kenneth C. Shadlen, Andrew Schrank and Marcus J. Kurtz (2005), 'The Political Economy of Intellectual Property Protection: The Case of Software', International Studies Quarterly, 49 (1), March, 45-71 [27]
Volume II
Introduction An introduction to both volumes by the editor appears in Volume I
PART I DEVELOPING COUNTRIES (GENERAL AND CASE STUDIES) [259 pp]
1. Cassandra Mehlig Sweet and Dalibor Sacha Eterovic Maggio (2015), 'Do Stronger Intellectual Property Rights Increase Innovation?', World Development, 66, February, 665-77 [13]
2. Yongmin Chen and Thitima Puttitanun (2005), 'Intellectual Property Rights and Innovation in Developing Countries', Journal of Development Economics, 78 (2), December, 474-93 [20]
3. Nagesh Kumar (2003), 'Intellectual Property Rights, Technology and Economic Development: Experiences of Asian Countries', Economic and Political Weekly, 38 (3), 18th January, 209-15, 217-26 [17]
4. Michael Blakeney and Getachew Mengistie (2011), 'Intellectual Property and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa', Journal of World Intellectual Property, 14 (3-4), July, 238-64 [27]
5. Samuel Adams (2011), 'Intellectual Property Rights, Innovation, and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa', Journal of Third World Studies, XXVIII (1), Spring, 231-43 [13]
6. Peter K. Yu (2007), 'Intellectual Property, Economic Development, and the China Puzzle', in Daniel Gervais (ed.), Intellectual Property, Trade and Development: Strategies to Optimize Economic Development in a TRIPS-Plus Era, 1st edition, Part II, Chapter 5, Oxford, UK and New York, NY, USA: Oxford University Press, 173-220 [48]
7. Anthipi Pouris and Anastassios Pouris (2011), 'Patents and Economic Development in South Africa: Managing Intellectual Property Rights', South African Journal of Science, 107 (11-12), November, 1-10 [10]
8. Jerome H. Reichman (2009), 'Intellectual Property in the Twenty-First Century: Will the Developing Countries Lead or Follow?', Houston Law Review, Symposium: Intellectual Property in International Perspective, 46 (4), April, 1115-85 [71]
9. Carlos M. Correa (2016), 'Intellectual Property: How Much Room is Left for Industrial Policy?', Journal of International Commerce, Economics and Policy, 7 (2), June, 1650012-1-1650012-22 [22]
10. Commission on Intellectual Property Rights (2002), 'Intellectual Property and Development', in Integrating Intellectual Property Rights and Development Policy: Report of the Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, Chapter 1, accessed 1st June 2020, 11-28, http://www.iprcommission.org/papers/pdfs/final_report/ciprfullfinal.pdf [18]
PART II DEVELOPED COUNTRIES [228 pp]
11. Larry D. Qiu and Huayang Yu (2010), 'Does the Protection of Foreign Intellectual Property Rights Stimulate Innovation in the US?', Review of International Economics, 18 (5), November, 882-95 [14]
12. Michele Boldrin and David K. Levine (2013), 'The Case Against Patents', Journal of Economic Perspectives, 27 (1), Winter, 3-22 [20]
13. F. M. Scherer (2009), 'The Political Economy of Patent Policy Reform in the United States', Journal on Telecommunications and High Technology Law, 7 (2), Spring, 167-216 [50]
14. Fritz Machlup (1958), 'An Economic Review of the Patent System', in Study of the Subcommittee on Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Eighty-Fifth Congress, Second Session Pursuant to S. Res. 236, Study No. 15, Washington, DC, USA: United States Government Printing Office, II-VI, 1-86 [91]
15. Giovanni Dosi and Joseph E. Stiglitz (2014), 'The Role of Intellectual Property Rights in the Development Process, with Some Lessons from Developed Countries: An Introduction', in Mario Cimoli, Giovanni Dosi, Keith E. Maskus, Ruth L. Okediji, Jerome H. Reichman and Joseph E. Stiglitz (eds), Intellectual Property Rights: Legal and Economic Challenges for Development, Chapter 1, New York, NY, USA: Oxford University Press, 1-53 [53]
PART III INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND OTHER INCENTIVE
MECHANISMS [192 pp]
16. Rufus Pollock (2006), 'Cumulative Innovation, Sampling and the Hold-Up Problem', Danish Research Unit for Industrial Dynamics (DRUID) Working Paper No. 06-29, 1-25 [25]
17. Nancy Gallini and Suzanne Scotchmer (2002), 'Intellectual Property: When Is It the Best Incentive System?', Innovation Policy and the Economy, 2, 51-77 [27]
18. Steven Shavell and Tanguy van Ypersele (2001), 'Rewards versus Intellectual Property Rights', Journal of Law and Economics, XLIV (2), October, 525-47 [23]
19. Timothy Swanson and Timo Goeschl (2014), 'The Distributive Impact of Intellectual Property Regimes: A Report from the "Natural Experiment" of the Green Revolution', in Mario Cimoli, Giovanni Dosi, Keith E. Maskus, Ruth L. Okediji, Jerome H. Reichman and Joseph E. Stiglitz (eds), Intellectual Property Rights: Legal and Economic Challenges for Development, Part III, Chapter 9, New York, NY, USA: Oxford University Press, 264-87 [24]
20. Heidi L. Williams (2013), 'Intellectual Property Rights and Innovation: Evidence from the Human Genome', Journal of Political Economy, 121 (1), February, 1-27 [27]
21. Sunil Kanwar and Robert Evenson (2003), 'Does Intellectual Property Protection Spur Technological Change?', Oxford Economic Papers, 55 (2), April, 235-64 [30]
22. F. M. Scherer (2015), 'First Mover Advantages and Optimal Patent Protection', Journal of Technology Transfer, 40 (4), August, 559-80, Erratum
[23]
23. Daniele Archibugi and Andrea Filippetti (2010), 'The Globalisation of Intellectual Property Rights: Four Learned Lessons and Four Theses', Global Policy, 1 (2), May, 137-49 [13]
Volume I
Introduction Carlos M. Correa
PART I HISTORICAL STUDIES [150 pp]
1. Josh Lerner (2002), '150 Years of Patent Protection', American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings, 92 (2), May, 221-5 [5]
2. Petra Moser (2013), 'Patents and Innovation: Evidence from Economic History', Journal of Economic Perspectives, 27 (1), Winter, 23-44 [22]
3. Ha-Joon Chang (2001), 'Intellectual Property Rights and Economic Development: Historical Lessons and Emerging Issues', Journal of Human Development, 2 (2), 287-309 [23]
4. Joel Mokyr (2009), 'Intellectual Property Rights, the Industrial Revolution, and the Beginnings of Modern Economic Growth', American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings, 99 (2), May, 349-55 [7]
5. B. Zorina Khan and Kenneth L. Sokoloff (2001), 'History Lessons: The Early Development of Intellectual Property Institutions in the United States', Journal of Economic Perspectives, 15 (3), Summer, 233-46 [14]
6. Luis Angeles (2011), 'Institutions, Property Rights, and Economic Development in Historical Perspective', Kyklos, 64 (2), May, 157-77 [21]
7. B. Zorina Khan (2002), 'Intellectual Property and Economic Development: Lessons from American and European History', Commission on Intellectual Property Rights: Study Paper 1a, accessed on 30th November 2017, 1-58, https://www.scribd.com/document/253416478/Khan-Intellectual-Property-and-Economic-Development-Lessons-From-American-and-European-History [58]
PART II GENERAL (INCLUDING ECONOMETRIC STUDIES) [398 pp]
8. Carsten Fink and Keith E. Maskus (2005), 'Why We Study Intellectual Property Rights and What We Have Learned', in Intellectual Property and Development: Lessons from Recent Economic Research, Chapter 1, Washington, DC, USA: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank and New York, NY, USA: Oxford University Press, 1-15 [15]
9. Juan C. Ginarte and Walter G. Park (1997), 'Determinants of Patent Rights: A Cross-National Study', Research Policy, 26 (3), October, 283-301
[19]
10. Joseph E. Stiglitz (2008), 'Economic Foundations of Intellectual Property Rights', Duke Law Journal, 57 (6), April, 1693-724 [32]
11. Robert L. Ostergard, Jr (2014), 'Economic Growth and Intellectual Property Rights Protection: A Reassessment of the Conventional Wisdom', in Daniel Gervais (ed.), Intellectual Property, Trade and Development: Strategies to Optimize Economic Development in a TRIPS-Plus Era, 2nd edition, Part I, Chapter 1, Oxford, UK and New York, NY, USA: Oxford University Press, 3-40 [38]
12. Keith E. Maskus (2000), 'Intellectual Property Rights and Economic Development', Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, 32 (3), 471-506 [36]
13. Robert P. Merges (2000), 'Intellectual Property Rights and the New Institutional Economics', Vanderbilt Law Review, 53 (6), November, 1857-877 [21]
14. Yi Qian (2007), 'Do National Patent Laws Stimulate Domestic Innovation in a Global Patenting Environment? A Cross-Country Analysis of Pharmaceutical Patent Protection, 1978-2002', Review of Economics and Statistics, 89 (3), August, 436-53 [18]
15. Ryo Horii and Tatsuro Iwaisako (2007), 'Economic Growth with Imperfect Protection of Intellectual Property Rights', Journal of Economics, 90 (1), January, 45-85 [41]
16. Roberto Mazzoleni and Richard R. Nelson (1998), 'The Benefits and Costs of Strong Patent Protection: A Contribution to the Current Debate', Research Policy, 27 (3), July, 273-84 [12]
17. William Daley (2014), 'In Search of Optimality: Innovation, Economic Development, and Intellectual Property Rights', Global Sustainable Development Report (GSDR) Prototype Briefs 2014, accessed on 30th November 2017, 1-6, https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/science/crowdsourcedbriefs [6]
18. David M. Gould and William C. Gruben (1996), 'The Role of Intellectual Property Rights in Economic Growth', Journal of Development Economics, 48 (2), March, 323-50 [28]
19. Rod Falvey, Neil Foster and David Greenaway (2006), 'Intellectual Property Rights and Economic Growth', Review of Development Economics, 10 (4), November, 700-19 [20]
20. Alexander Peukert (2017), 'Intellectual Property and Development - Narratives and their Empirical Validity', Journal of World Intellectual Property, 20 (1-2), March, 2-23 [22]
21. Yuichi Furukawa (2007), 'The Protection of Intellectual Property Rights and Endogenous Growth: Is Stronger Always Better?', Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 31 (11), November, 3644-70 [27]
22. Andrew Torrance and Bill Tomlinson (2009), 'Patents and the Regress of Useful Arts', Columbia Science and Technology Law Review, X, May, 130-68
[39]
23. Amy Jocelyn Glass and Kamal Saggi (2002), 'Intellectual Property Rights and Foreign Direct Investment', Journal of International Economics, 56 (2), March, 387-410 [24]
PART III SECTORAL STUDIES [146 pp]
24. Bronwyn H. Hall and Christian Helmers (2010), 'The Role of Patent Protection in (Clean/Green) Technology Transfer', Santa Clara Computer and High Technology Law Journal, 26 (4), 487-532 [46]
25. Albert G. Z. Hu and I. P. L. Png (2013), 'Patent Rights and Economic Growth: Evidence from Cross-Country Panels of Manufacturing Industries', Oxford Economic Papers, 65 (3), July, 675-98 [24]
26. Richard C. Levin, Alvin K. Klevorick, Richard R. Nelson and Sidney G. Winter (1987), 'Appropriating the Returns from Industrial Research and Development', Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1987 (3), 783-831 [49]
27. Kenneth C. Shadlen, Andrew Schrank and Marcus J. Kurtz (2005), 'The Political Economy of Intellectual Property Protection: The Case of Software', International Studies Quarterly, 49 (1), March, 45-71 [27]
Volume II
Introduction An introduction to both volumes by the editor appears in Volume I
PART I DEVELOPING COUNTRIES (GENERAL AND CASE STUDIES) [259 pp]
1. Cassandra Mehlig Sweet and Dalibor Sacha Eterovic Maggio (2015), 'Do Stronger Intellectual Property Rights Increase Innovation?', World Development, 66, February, 665-77 [13]
2. Yongmin Chen and Thitima Puttitanun (2005), 'Intellectual Property Rights and Innovation in Developing Countries', Journal of Development Economics, 78 (2), December, 474-93 [20]
3. Nagesh Kumar (2003), 'Intellectual Property Rights, Technology and Economic Development: Experiences of Asian Countries', Economic and Political Weekly, 38 (3), 18th January, 209-15, 217-26 [17]
4. Michael Blakeney and Getachew Mengistie (2011), 'Intellectual Property and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa', Journal of World Intellectual Property, 14 (3-4), July, 238-64 [27]
5. Samuel Adams (2011), 'Intellectual Property Rights, Innovation, and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa', Journal of Third World Studies, XXVIII (1), Spring, 231-43 [13]
6. Peter K. Yu (2007), 'Intellectual Property, Economic Development, and the China Puzzle', in Daniel Gervais (ed.), Intellectual Property, Trade and Development: Strategies to Optimize Economic Development in a TRIPS-Plus Era, 1st edition, Part II, Chapter 5, Oxford, UK and New York, NY, USA: Oxford University Press, 173-220 [48]
7. Anthipi Pouris and Anastassios Pouris (2011), 'Patents and Economic Development in South Africa: Managing Intellectual Property Rights', South African Journal of Science, 107 (11-12), November, 1-10 [10]
8. Jerome H. Reichman (2009), 'Intellectual Property in the Twenty-First Century: Will the Developing Countries Lead or Follow?', Houston Law Review, Symposium: Intellectual Property in International Perspective, 46 (4), April, 1115-85 [71]
9. Carlos M. Correa (2016), 'Intellectual Property: How Much Room is Left for Industrial Policy?', Journal of International Commerce, Economics and Policy, 7 (2), June, 1650012-1-1650012-22 [22]
10. Commission on Intellectual Property Rights (2002), 'Intellectual Property and Development', in Integrating Intellectual Property Rights and Development Policy: Report of the Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, Chapter 1, accessed 1st June 2020, 11-28, http://www.iprcommission.org/papers/pdfs/final_report/ciprfullfinal.pdf [18]
PART II DEVELOPED COUNTRIES [228 pp]
11. Larry D. Qiu and Huayang Yu (2010), 'Does the Protection of Foreign Intellectual Property Rights Stimulate Innovation in the US?', Review of International Economics, 18 (5), November, 882-95 [14]
12. Michele Boldrin and David K. Levine (2013), 'The Case Against Patents', Journal of Economic Perspectives, 27 (1), Winter, 3-22 [20]
13. F. M. Scherer (2009), 'The Political Economy of Patent Policy Reform in the United States', Journal on Telecommunications and High Technology Law, 7 (2), Spring, 167-216 [50]
14. Fritz Machlup (1958), 'An Economic Review of the Patent System', in Study of the Subcommittee on Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Eighty-Fifth Congress, Second Session Pursuant to S. Res. 236, Study No. 15, Washington, DC, USA: United States Government Printing Office, II-VI, 1-86 [91]
15. Giovanni Dosi and Joseph E. Stiglitz (2014), 'The Role of Intellectual Property Rights in the Development Process, with Some Lessons from Developed Countries: An Introduction', in Mario Cimoli, Giovanni Dosi, Keith E. Maskus, Ruth L. Okediji, Jerome H. Reichman and Joseph E. Stiglitz (eds), Intellectual Property Rights: Legal and Economic Challenges for Development, Chapter 1, New York, NY, USA: Oxford University Press, 1-53 [53]
PART III INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND OTHER INCENTIVE
MECHANISMS [192 pp]
16. Rufus Pollock (2006), 'Cumulative Innovation, Sampling and the Hold-Up Problem', Danish Research Unit for Industrial Dynamics (DRUID) Working Paper No. 06-29, 1-25 [25]
17. Nancy Gallini and Suzanne Scotchmer (2002), 'Intellectual Property: When Is It the Best Incentive System?', Innovation Policy and the Economy, 2, 51-77 [27]
18. Steven Shavell and Tanguy van Ypersele (2001), 'Rewards versus Intellectual Property Rights', Journal of Law and Economics, XLIV (2), October, 525-47 [23]
19. Timothy Swanson and Timo Goeschl (2014), 'The Distributive Impact of Intellectual Property Regimes: A Report from the "Natural Experiment" of the Green Revolution', in Mario Cimoli, Giovanni Dosi, Keith E. Maskus, Ruth L. Okediji, Jerome H. Reichman and Joseph E. Stiglitz (eds), Intellectual Property Rights: Legal and Economic Challenges for Development, Part III, Chapter 9, New York, NY, USA: Oxford University Press, 264-87 [24]
20. Heidi L. Williams (2013), 'Intellectual Property Rights and Innovation: Evidence from the Human Genome', Journal of Political Economy, 121 (1), February, 1-27 [27]
21. Sunil Kanwar and Robert Evenson (2003), 'Does Intellectual Property Protection Spur Technological Change?', Oxford Economic Papers, 55 (2), April, 235-64 [30]
22. F. M. Scherer (2015), 'First Mover Advantages and Optimal Patent Protection', Journal of Technology Transfer, 40 (4), August, 559-80, Erratum
[23]
23. Daniele Archibugi and Andrea Filippetti (2010), 'The Globalisation of Intellectual Property Rights: Four Learned Lessons and Four Theses', Global Policy, 1 (2), May, 137-49 [13]