Emerging Spine Surgery Technologies

Basic Considerations
Burden of Proof
Basic Science; Scott D. Boden, MD
Food and Drug Administration; Jeffrey K. Shapiro, Esq.
Reimbursement; Terry P. Corbin, BSBME
Technological Advances and the Dilemma of Disabling Low Back Pain Illness; Eugene J. Carragee, MD, Ivan Cheng, MD

Biologic and Tissue Engineering
Biology of Spine Fusion; Andrew C. Hecht, MD, Scott D. Boden, MD
Electricity: The History and Science of Bone Growth Stimulation for Spine Fusion; Paul A. Glazer, MD, Liane Clamen Glazer, MD
Structural Allografts; Patrick J. Connolly, MD, Warren E. A. Wulff, MD
Demineralized Bone Matrix: Use in Spine Surgery; Safdar N. Khan, MD, Harvinder S. Sandhu, MD, MBA
Osteoinductive Growth Factors for Spine Fusion
Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2; Bill McKay
Osteogenic Protein-1; D. Greg Anderson, MD, Alexander R. Vaccaro, MD
Growth Differentiation Factor-5; Bobby Tay, MD, Sigurd Berven, MD, David S. Bradford, MD
Gene Therapy Approaches to Spine Fusion; Charles W. Cha, MD, Scott D. Boden, MD
Animal Models of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration; S. Tim Yoon, MD, PhD, William C. Hutton, DSc
Disc Biology, Degeneration, and Repair Potential; Ezequiel H. Cassinelli, MD, Corey James Wallach, MD, James D. Kang, MD
Biologic Repair and Regeneration of the Intervertebral Disc; Howard S. An, MD, Koichi Masuda, MD., Eugene Thonar, PhD, MD, Joji Mochida, MD, PhD
Intradiscal Proliferant Therapy; Vert Mooney, MD, Robert G. Klein, MD
Spinal Cord Regeneration and Repair Gwen Schwartz, MSc, Michael G. Fehlings, MD, PhD

Surgical Navigation
Image-Guided Spinal Navigation; Iain H. Kalfas, MD
Electromagnetic Navigation; Henry Claude Sagi, MD, James C. Krieg, BSEE, G. Lee Beauregard, PhD, Tina Kapur, PhD, Ron von Jako, MD
Intraoperative Use of the CT Scan in Spine Surgery; Bernard A. Pfeifer, MD, Stephen R. Freidberg, MD

Surgical Techniques
History of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery; Parviz Kambin, MD
Current Minimally Invasive Surgical Techniques for the Lumbar Spine; Hoang Le, MD, Tsai-Sheng Fu, MD, Tae-Ahn Jahng, MD, PhD, Daniel H. Kim, MD
Arthroscopic Lumbar Decompression: The Foraminal Approach; Anthony T. Yeung, MD, Christopher A. Yeung, MD
Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery: Thoracoscopic Deformity Correction with Fusion and Thoracic Spine Decompression; Peter O. Newton, MD
Laparoscopic Lumbar Fusions; Timothy A. Moore, MD, Isador H. Lieberman, BSc, MD, FRCS(C)
Future Direction of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery; Tae-Ahn Jahng, MD, PhD, Hoang Le, MD, Daniel H. Kim, MD
Vertebral Body Augmentation: History, Current Technique, and Future Considerations; John Kostuik, MD
Vertebral Body Augmentation: Kyphoplasty; Christopher M. Bono, MD, Christopher P. Kauffman, MD, Steve R. Garfin, MD
Thermomodulation; F. Todd Wetzel, MD, Thomas A. McNally, MD, Gunnar B. J. Andersson, MD, PhD
Endoscopic, Percutaneous Lumbar Discectomy with the Holmium: YAG Laser; Marc I. Malberg, MD, Terry P. Corbin, BSBME

Spinal Implants
Minimally Invasive Surgery: Segmental Fixation Rod and Screw Technology; Randal R. Betz, MD, David H. Clements, MD, Rohinton K. Balsara, MD, FACS, FACCP, Peter O. Newton, MD, Lawrence G. Lenke, MD, Alvin H. Crawford, MD, FACS
Minimally Invasive Fusion Using the Endius Atavi Atraumatic Spine Surgery System; Michael Winer, MD, Charles Goodwin, MD, Charles A. Hartjen, MD, Thomas W. Davison, PhD, Todd Alamin, MD
Design of Interbody Fusion Cages: Historical Considerations and Current Perspectives in Cage Technology; Bryan W. Cunningham, MSc, George W. Bagby, MD, MS, Paul C. McAfee, MD
Interbody Stabilization: New Innovations; Stephen D. Kuslich, MD, James W. Ahern, BSc
Cages: Clinical Indications and Augmentation; Alexander J. Ghanayem, MD
Anterior Thoracic and Lumbar Fixation; Allen Carl, MD, John H. Velyvis, MD
A New Anterior Intermedullary Rod Fixation System for the Spine: The K-Centrum; Stephen D. Kuslich, MD, Matthew Garner, PA-C
DYNESYS: The Dynamic Neutralization System for the Spine; Othmar Schwarzenbach, MD, Thomas M. Stoll, MD, Gilles G. Dubois, MD

Disc Replacement
Artificial Intervertebral Disc Prostheses: An Overview; Henry Claude Sagi, MD, Qi-Bin Bao, PhD, Hansen A. Yuan, MD
Artificial Discs: Clinical Results of Motion Segment Replacement; Stephen H. Hochschuler, MD, Donna D. Ohnmeiss, DrMed
CHARITÉ Artificial Disc Replacement; Paul C. McAfee, MD, Richard D. Guyer, MD, FAAOS
Cervical Motion Segment Replacement; Vincent E. Bryan, MD
Porous Coated Motion Cervical Arthroplasty; Paul C. McAfee, MD, Luiz Pimenta, MD, PhD, Roberto Díaz Orduz, MD, Bryan W. Cunningham, MSc, Anton Dmitriev, BS, Nianbin Hu, MD, Andrew Cappuccino, MD
The Raymedica Prosthetic Disc Nucleus: An Update; Charles Dean Ray, MS, MD, FACS, FRSH(Lond.)
Disc Dynamics In Situ Cured Prosthetic Intervertebral Nucleus; R. Garryl Hudgins, PhD, Qi-Bin Bao, PhD, Hansen A. Yuan, MD