The World of Children
International Edition
2nd Edition
Published on 5. November 2009
Book
Paperback/Softback
656 pages
978-0-205-76826-4 (ISBN)
Description
For the undergraduate child development course taught chronologically.
The World of Children is a chronological child development textbook by Joan Littlefield Cook and Greg Cook that helps students connect the science and the practice of child development in a way that can positively change lives. This exciting new text features an active learning system that exposes students to real people facing real world child development challenges, and encourages them to think critically about issues from multiple perspectives.
The World of Children demonstrates the practical applications of child development through interviews with a diverse group of real parents and a variety of professionals who rely upon child development information in their jobs. Each chapter also spotlights the ways programs, laws, regulations, and other governing aspects of society can affect children.
Looking for additional resources to help you understand the material and succeed in this course? MyDevelopmentLab contains study tools such as flashcards, self tests, videos, as well as MyVirtualChild which allows you to raise your own virtual child from birth through age 18 and monitor the results.
Want to learn more about MyVirtualChild? Visit www.mydevelopmentlab.com and click on the `watch this video' link to learn about MyVirtualChild.
MyDevelpmentLab with MyVirtualChild is available at www.mydevelopmentlab.com.
The World of Children is a chronological child development textbook by Joan Littlefield Cook and Greg Cook that helps students connect the science and the practice of child development in a way that can positively change lives. This exciting new text features an active learning system that exposes students to real people facing real world child development challenges, and encourages them to think critically about issues from multiple perspectives.
The World of Children demonstrates the practical applications of child development through interviews with a diverse group of real parents and a variety of professionals who rely upon child development information in their jobs. Each chapter also spotlights the ways programs, laws, regulations, and other governing aspects of society can affect children.
Looking for additional resources to help you understand the material and succeed in this course? MyDevelopmentLab contains study tools such as flashcards, self tests, videos, as well as MyVirtualChild which allows you to raise your own virtual child from birth through age 18 and monitor the results.
Want to learn more about MyVirtualChild? Visit www.mydevelopmentlab.com and click on the `watch this video' link to learn about MyVirtualChild.
MyDevelpmentLab with MyVirtualChild is available at www.mydevelopmentlab.com.
More details
Edition
2nd edition
Language
English
Place of publication
United States
Publishing group
Pearson Education (US)
Target group
College/higher education
Dimensions
Height: 274 mm
Width: 215 mm
Thickness: 22 mm
Weight
1230 gr
ISBN-13
978-0-205-76826-4 (9780205768264)
Copyright in bibliographic data and cover images is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or by the publishers or by their respective licensors: all rights reserved.
Schweitzer Classification
Other editions
New editions
Joan Cook | Greg Cook
World of Children, The
Book
09/2013
3rd Edition
Pearson
€256.99
Article not available for order
Previous edition
Joan Littlefield Cook | Greg Cook
The World of Children
Book
02/2007
Pearson
€79.41
Article exhausted; check for reprint
Persons
Greg Cook is a Professor of Psychology at the University of Wisconsin-Whitewater. Greg majored in Psychology at the University of Dayton and later received his Ph.D. in Psychology at Vanderbilt University. For over 20 years he has taught courses in child development, research methods, statistics, and related topics at Whitewater as well as at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and Vanderbilt University. At Whitewater Greg received a department award and also a College of Letters and Sciences award for excellence in teaching. Students consistently comment on his ability to present difficult information in a clear and understandable way. Greg's research on cognitive development has been published in scholarly journals such as Child Development, Developmental Psychology, and the Journal of Experimental Child Psychology. He also collaborated with colleagues in the College of Education on studies published in the Journal of Experimental Education, theJournal of Research & Development in Education, and the Journal of Reading Education. Greg is a former chairperson in the Department of Psychology and has also worked in the Associate Dean's Office in his college, and currently serves as as Director of Academic Assessment. Teaching students in face-to-face and in online formats is still his main passion.
Joan Littlefield Cook is a Professor of Psychology and current chairperson of the Psychology Department at the University of Wisconsin-Whitewater. As an undergraduate she majored in Psychology at Tennessee Technological University. She earned a Master's and Ph.D. in Psychology and Human Development at Vanderbilt University. Joan has taught courses for more than 20 years related to child and adolescent development, educational psychology, and cognitive psychology at the University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and Middle Tennessee State University. Her classes have ranged from large lecture courses with 250 students to small seminars. Students have always appreciated her knowledge of the field and her ability to present information in a way that is useful, motivating, and friendly. The Student Association at the University of Wisconsin-Madison voted her as one of their most outstanding professors, and the UW-Whitewater Psychology Student Organization presented her with their Excellence in Teaching Award. Joan's research is on mathematical problem solving and cognitive development. She and her colleagues have published papers in the Cognition & Instruction, Journal of Educational Psychology, Intelligence, Memory & Cognition, the Gifted Child Quarterly, and the Journal of Experimental Psychology. She has co-authored two other books and numerous instructional materials.
Greg and Joan also co-authored Child Development: Principles and Perspectives, a fresh and widely-acclaimed textbook (published by Allyn & Bacon) that explores child development within a topical framework.
Joan Littlefield Cook is a Professor of Psychology and current chairperson of the Psychology Department at the University of Wisconsin-Whitewater. As an undergraduate she majored in Psychology at Tennessee Technological University. She earned a Master's and Ph.D. in Psychology and Human Development at Vanderbilt University. Joan has taught courses for more than 20 years related to child and adolescent development, educational psychology, and cognitive psychology at the University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and Middle Tennessee State University. Her classes have ranged from large lecture courses with 250 students to small seminars. Students have always appreciated her knowledge of the field and her ability to present information in a way that is useful, motivating, and friendly. The Student Association at the University of Wisconsin-Madison voted her as one of their most outstanding professors, and the UW-Whitewater Psychology Student Organization presented her with their Excellence in Teaching Award. Joan's research is on mathematical problem solving and cognitive development. She and her colleagues have published papers in the Cognition & Instruction, Journal of Educational Psychology, Intelligence, Memory & Cognition, the Gifted Child Quarterly, and the Journal of Experimental Psychology. She has co-authored two other books and numerous instructional materials.
Greg and Joan also co-authored Child Development: Principles and Perspectives, a fresh and widely-acclaimed textbook (published by Allyn & Bacon) that explores child development within a topical framework.
Content
BRIEF TOC:
Part One: Beginnings
Chapter 1: Exploring Child Development
Chapter 2: Heredity and the Environment
Chapter 3: Prenatal Development and Birth
Part Two: Infants and Toddlers: The First Years (Birth through 2 years)
Chapter 4: Physical Development in Infants and Toddlers
Chapter 5: Cognitive Development in Infants and Toddlers
Chapter 6: Socioemotional Development in Infants and Toddlers
Part Three: Early Childhood: The Playful Years (3 through 6 Years)
Chapter 7: Physical Development in Early Childhood
Chapter 8: Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
Chapter 9: Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood
Part Four: Middle Childhood: The School Years (7 through 11 Years)
Chapter 10: Physical Development in Middle Childhood
Chapter 11: Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
Chapter 12: Socioemotional Development in Middle Childhood
Part Five: Adolescence: The Transition toward Adulthood (12 Years and beyond)
Chapter 13: Physical Development in Adolescence
Chapter 14: Cognitive Development in Adolescence
Chapter 15: Socioemotional Development in Adolescence
DETAILED TOC
Part One: Beginnings
Chapter 1: Exploring Child Development
Defining the Field
What Develops?
Nature and Nurture
The Role of Neuroscience
Diversity and Multiculturalism
Positive Development and Resilience
General Themes in Modern Child Development
Theories of Child Development
What Is a Theory, and Why Are Theories Useful?
Psychoanalytic, Behavioral, and Social Learning Theories
Psychoanalytical Theories
Behavioral Theories
Social Learning Theory
Cognitive, Biological, and the Contextual and Systems Theories
Cognitive Theories
Biological Theories
Contextual and Systems Theories
Using the Scientific Method: Research in Child Development
Descriptive Research Methods
Correlational Research Methods: Measuring Associations
Experimental Research Methods: Determining Cause and Effect
Methods for Assessing Development
Ethics in Research with Children
Applications of Child Development Research and Careers Related to Children
Practical Applications of Child Development Research
Family and Parenting
Social Policy
Careers Related to Children
Chapter 2: Heredity and the Environment
Genes and Human Reproduction
Genes and the Magical Four-Letter Code
Human Reproduction and Cell Division
How Traits and Genetic Abnormalities Are Inherited
Dominant-Recessive Traits
Dominant Gene Diseases
Recessive Gene Diseases
X-Linked Traits
Chromosome Abnormalities
Prenatal Screening and Genetic Testing
How Genes and Environments Interact
Range of Reaction, Canalization, and Niche-Picking
Rangeof Reaction
Canalization
Niche-Picking: I Gotta Be Me...
Probabilistic Epigenesis: Activating Your Genes
Behavior Genetics: Measuring the Heritability of Traits
Behavior Genetics, Heritability, and Shared and Nonshared Environments
How Is Heritability Estimated?
Heritability of Complex Characteristics
Heritability of Cognitive Skills
Heritability of Personality and Temperament
Chapter 3: Prenatal Development and Birth
Prenatal Development
Conception
Stages of Prenatal Development
The Germinal Stage: Conception through 2 Weeks
The Embryonic Stage: Weeks 3 through 8
The Fetal Stage: Week 9 through birth (38 to 40 weeks)
Teratogens: Health Risks for the Baby
Alcohol, Cocaine, and Cigarette Smoking During Pregnancy
Alcohol
Cocaine
Cigarette Smoking
The Mother's Health and Age
Mother's Health
Herpes
Syphilis
HIV/AIDS
Mother's Age
Critical Periods
The Role of Fathers
The Process of Birth
Stages of Birth
Cultural Differences Surrounding Birth
Modern Birthing Practices in the United States: Choices and Alternatives
Birth Attendants
Prepared Childbirth
Pain Relief during Labor and Delivery
Birthing Complications: Something Isn't Right
Malpresentation
Fetal Distress
Here's the Newborn!
Becoming a Family: Psychological Adjustments to Having a Newborn
The Transition to Parenthood
Becoming the Big Brother or Sister
Conclusion
Part Two: Infants and Toddlers: The First Years (Birth through 2 years)
Chapter 4: Physical Development in Infants and Toddlers
Infants at Risk: Prematurity and Infant Mortality
What Is Prematurity?
Infant Mortality
Prenatal Care: Having a Healthy Baby
Growth of the Body and Brain
Physical Growth, Sleep Patterns, and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Physical Growth
Sleep Patterns
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Feeding and Nutrition
Structure of the Brain and Nervous System
Forming the Brain and Nervous System
Sensory Capabilities
Basic Components of Vision
How Clear is Their Vision?
Can They See Different Colors?
How Deep is that Drop? Early Depth Perception
How Well Do Infants Hear?
Smell and Taste
Motor Development
Reflexes: The Infant's First Coordinated Movements
Voluntary Movements: The Motor Milestones
Cultural Differences in Early Experience
Toilet Training
Chapter 5: Cognitive Development in Infants and Toddlers
Perceptual Development
Robert Fantz and the Early Work in Testing Visual Preferences
Habituation-Dishabituation Research
Intermodal Perception: Putting It All Together
Explaining Cognitive Development: Piaget's Constructivist View
Piaget as a Child Prodigy
Constructivism and Interaction with the Environment
Piaget's Stage 1: Sensorimotor Thought (Birth to 2 Years)
Learning to Communicate
What Is Language?
Learning Theory: Language as a Learned Skill
Nativist Theory: Born to Talk
Is Language Innate?
Do All Humans Develop Language?
Can Nonhumans Develop Language?
Are There Physical Structures That Are Specialized for Language?
Are There Sensitive Periods for Language Development?
Criticisms of Nativist Theory
Interaction Theories: Cognitive and Social Interactionist Approaches
Cognitive Approach: Language Depends on Cognition
Social Interactionist Theory
Early Communication: How Language Starts
Perceptual Skills
Social Interactions
From Crying to Words: Speech Production in Infancy
Semantics: Words and Their Meanings
How Are Early Words Acquired?
What is the Function of Early Words?
Toddler Grammar: Rules for Putting Words Together
Chapter 6: Socioemotional Development in Infants and Toddlers
Attachment
The History of Attachment Research
John Bowlby's Ethological Theory
Harry Harlow's Research with Rhesus Monkeys
Mary Ainsworth and the Strange Situation
Factors Related to Attachment
Parent Factors
Infant Factors
Cultural Factors
Attachments with Fathers
Day Care and Attachments
Early Attachment and Long-Term Outcomes
Temperament and Emotion
Types of Temperaments
How Do Different Temperaments Form?
Goodness of Fit
Consistency over Time
Other Approaches to Temperament
Infant Responses to Emotions
Toddler Self-Conscious Emotions
Social Relations and Play
Infant Social Interactions and Sensorimotor Play
Toddler Friends
Toddler Conflicts and Symbolic Play
Part Three: Early Childhood: The Playful Years (3 through 6 years )
Chapter 7: Physical Development in Early Childhood
Growth of the Body and Brain
Physical Growth and Nutrition
Growth and Development of the Brain
The Role of Experience in Brain Development
Larger Developmental Patterns in the Brain
Motor Development and Physical Activity
Gross-Motor and Fine-Motor Development
Physical Activity and Exercise
Cerebral Palsy
Health and Safety Issues
Childhood Deaths and Safety Issues
Child Maltreatment: Abuse and Neglect
Effects of Abuse and Neglect
Chapter 8: Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
Piaget's Stage 2: Preoperational Thought
Flourishing Mental Representations
Symbols in Language
Symbols in Art
Symbols in Play
Emergence of Intuitive Thought: "It Seems Like..."
Conservation Problems
Piaget's and Education
Vygotsky's Sociocultural View of Cognitive Development
Vygotsky's Background: The Sociocultural Context for a New Theory
The Role of Speech and Language
Mediation: With a Little Help from Your Friends
The Zone of Proximal Development
Scaffolding and Collaborative Learning
Information Processing
What Is the Information-Processing Approach?
The Development of Basic Cognitive Processes
Changes in Processing Capacity
Changes in Processing Efficiency
Changes in Attention
Metacognition and the Child's Developing Theory of Mind
Theory of Mind
Language Development
An Expanding Vocabulary
Learning Grammar and the Social Rules of Discourse
Bilingual Children: Learning Two Languages
Early Childhood Education and Kindergarten Readiness
Early Childhood Education
Kindergarten Readiness
Chapter 9: Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood
The Social and Emotional Self
The Self, Self-Regulation, and Emotions
The Self
Self-Regulation
Emotions
Developing Ideas about Gender
Moral Development
Parenting
Dimensions of Parenting
Parenting Styles
Discipline: What's a Parent to Do?
A Caution about Punishment
Positive Discipline
Friends and Play
Gender Segregation
Types of Play
Parten's Classic Study of Play
Sociodramatic Play
Cultural Differences in Play
Part Four: Middle Childhood: The School Years (7 through 11 Years)
Chapter 10: Physical Development in Middle Childhood
Growth of the Body and Brain
Physical Growth and Problems with Being Overweight
Growth and Maturation of the Brain
Motor Development and Physical Activity
Motor Development
Physical Activity and Exercise
Organized Sports
Health and Safety Issues
Childhood Injuries and Safety Issues
Child Sexual Abuse
Who's at Risk?
What are the Effects of Child Abuse?
Children with Exceptional Needs
What Is Developmental Psychopathology?
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Communication and Learning Disorders
Autism Spectrum Disorders
Chapter 11: Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
Piaget's Stage 3: Concrete Operational Thought (Ages 7 through 11)
What Is Concrete Operational Thinking?
Class Inclusion, Seriation, and Transitive Inference Skills
Information Processing: Memory Development
Two Models of Memory: Stores and Networks
Working Memory
Long-Term Memory
Other Characteristics of Memory Development
Reconstructive Memory
Autobiographical Memory
Information Processing: Knowledge, Strategies, and New Approaches
Knowledge Base
Strategy Development
Newer Approaches to Understanding Cognitive Development
Computational Models of Thought
Fuzzy Trace Theory
Information Processing: Where Does It Stand?
Learning to Communicate: Language in Middle Childhood
Experts in the Basics
Metalinguistic Awareness
Changes in How Language Is Used
Connectionist Models of Language Development
Cognition in Context
Development of Mathematical Skills
Laying the foundation for Mathematical Skills
Mathematical Skills during the Elementary Years
Development of Reading Skills
Development of Writing Skills
Inventive Spelling
Mechanics and Intermediate Writing
Planning and Revising
Chapter 12: Socioemotional Development in Middle Childhood
The Social and Emotional Self
Self-Evaluations
Emotional Development
Gender Differences
Moral and Prosocial Reasoning
Moral Reasoning
Prosocial Reasoning
Aggression, Conduct Problems, and Resilient Children
Aggression
Conduct Problems
Resilient Children
Families
Children and Divorce
What Factors Explain the Effects of Divorce?
Positive Outcomes of Divorce
Never-Married Households and Stepfamilies
Never-Married Households
Stepfamilies
Play, Friends, and Peer Popularity
Play and Best Friends
Peer Popularity
A Social Cognition Model of Peer Relations, and Helping Rejected Children
Schools and the Media
Children's Beliefs and Teachers' Expectations about Schooling
Children's Beliefs
Teacher's Expectations
Classroom Climate and Grouping Practices in Schools
Classroom Climate
Grouping Practices
Children and the Media
Children and Television
TV and Aggression
Positive Effects of TV
Video Games, Computers, and the Internet
Video Games
Computer Games and the Internet
Part Five: Adolescence: The Transition toward Adulthood (12 Years and beyond)
Chapter 13: Physical Development in Adolescence
Growth of the Body and Brain during Adolescence
Puberty
Early and Late Maturation
Brain Development
Sexual Activity during Adolescence
Patterns of Sexual Activity
Contraceptive Use in Adolescence
Sexual Knowledge and Sex Education
Special Concerns about Teenage Sexual Activity
Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Adolescents
Teenage Pregnancy
Who is at Risk for Teenage Parenthood?
The Impact of Teenage Parenthood
Forced Sexual Behavior
Adolescent Health Issues
Nutrition and Exercise
Eating Disorders
Substance Use and Abuse
Risk Factors for Drug Use
Other Health Issues during the Adolescent Years
Adolescents Need More Sleep.
Depression
Causes of Death
Adolescent Drivers
Suicide
Chapter 14: Cognitive Development in Adolescence
Piaget's Stage 4: Formal Operational Thought (12 Years and Above)
What Is Formal Operational Thought?
Hypothetico-Deductive Reasoning
Abstract Thought
Separating Reality from Possibilities
Combinational Logic
Reflective Thinking
Adolescent Egocentrism
Evaluating Piaget's Theory
Piaget's Legacy
Recent Sociocultural Views of Cognitive Development
Situated Cognition
Guided Participation and Communities of Practice
Thinking as Socially Shared Cognition: Two Heads Are Better Than One
Intelligence
Theories of Intelligence
Psychometric Approaches
Sternberg's Triarchic Theory
Gardener's Theory of Multiple Intelligences
Assessing Intelligence
Intelligence Testing Today
New Assessment Approaches
Extremes of Intelligence: Intellectual Disability and Giftedness
Intellectual Disability
Gifted and Talented Children
Ethnic Differences and Questions about Cultural Bias
Learning to Communicate: Language in Adolescence
The Adolescent Register
Social and Cultural Dialects
Cognition in Context: Adolescents Making Decisions
How Well Do Adolescents Make Decisions?
Making Vocational Choices
The Forgotten Third: Improving the Transition from School to Work
Chapter 15: Socioemotional Development in Adolescence
Who Am I? Adolescents' Understanding of Themselves
Identity
Identity Status
Development of Ethnic Identity
Sexual Orientation
The Development of a Homosexual Identity
Causes of Sexual Orientation
The Experience of Being Gay
Morality
Kohlberg's Level III
Later Work and Research on Kohlberg's Theory
Other Moral Orientations and Moral Domains
Social Relationships: Family
Teens Developing Autonomy: Conflict with Parents
Conflict between Teens and Parents
Dealing Effectively with Adolescent-Parent Conflict
Family Structures
Adopted Adolescents
Families with Lesbian or Gay Parents
Ethnically Diverse Families
Social Relationships: Peers
Friends and Peers in Adolescence
Cliques and Crowds
From Gender Segregation to Dating
Peer Pressure, Delinquent Behavior, and Aggression
Leisure Time in Adolescence
Contexts of Development
Adolescents in School
School Climate and Structure
Differences in Academic Performance
How Can We Prevent Problems in Schooling?
Cultural Contexts for Development
Cultural Orientations: Individualism and Collectivism
What's the Neighborhood Like? Urban and Rural Poverty
Poverty: A Culture of Economics
The Inner City
Rural Poverty
Coming to America: Immigration and Acculturation
Explaining Culture's Influence
Part One: Beginnings
Chapter 1: Exploring Child Development
Chapter 2: Heredity and the Environment
Chapter 3: Prenatal Development and Birth
Part Two: Infants and Toddlers: The First Years (Birth through 2 years)
Chapter 4: Physical Development in Infants and Toddlers
Chapter 5: Cognitive Development in Infants and Toddlers
Chapter 6: Socioemotional Development in Infants and Toddlers
Part Three: Early Childhood: The Playful Years (3 through 6 Years)
Chapter 7: Physical Development in Early Childhood
Chapter 8: Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
Chapter 9: Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood
Part Four: Middle Childhood: The School Years (7 through 11 Years)
Chapter 10: Physical Development in Middle Childhood
Chapter 11: Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
Chapter 12: Socioemotional Development in Middle Childhood
Part Five: Adolescence: The Transition toward Adulthood (12 Years and beyond)
Chapter 13: Physical Development in Adolescence
Chapter 14: Cognitive Development in Adolescence
Chapter 15: Socioemotional Development in Adolescence
DETAILED TOC
Part One: Beginnings
Chapter 1: Exploring Child Development
Defining the Field
What Develops?
Nature and Nurture
The Role of Neuroscience
Diversity and Multiculturalism
Positive Development and Resilience
General Themes in Modern Child Development
Theories of Child Development
What Is a Theory, and Why Are Theories Useful?
Psychoanalytic, Behavioral, and Social Learning Theories
Psychoanalytical Theories
Behavioral Theories
Social Learning Theory
Cognitive, Biological, and the Contextual and Systems Theories
Cognitive Theories
Biological Theories
Contextual and Systems Theories
Using the Scientific Method: Research in Child Development
Descriptive Research Methods
Correlational Research Methods: Measuring Associations
Experimental Research Methods: Determining Cause and Effect
Methods for Assessing Development
Ethics in Research with Children
Applications of Child Development Research and Careers Related to Children
Practical Applications of Child Development Research
Family and Parenting
Social Policy
Careers Related to Children
Chapter 2: Heredity and the Environment
Genes and Human Reproduction
Genes and the Magical Four-Letter Code
Human Reproduction and Cell Division
How Traits and Genetic Abnormalities Are Inherited
Dominant-Recessive Traits
Dominant Gene Diseases
Recessive Gene Diseases
X-Linked Traits
Chromosome Abnormalities
Prenatal Screening and Genetic Testing
How Genes and Environments Interact
Range of Reaction, Canalization, and Niche-Picking
Rangeof Reaction
Canalization
Niche-Picking: I Gotta Be Me...
Probabilistic Epigenesis: Activating Your Genes
Behavior Genetics: Measuring the Heritability of Traits
Behavior Genetics, Heritability, and Shared and Nonshared Environments
How Is Heritability Estimated?
Heritability of Complex Characteristics
Heritability of Cognitive Skills
Heritability of Personality and Temperament
Chapter 3: Prenatal Development and Birth
Prenatal Development
Conception
Stages of Prenatal Development
The Germinal Stage: Conception through 2 Weeks
The Embryonic Stage: Weeks 3 through 8
The Fetal Stage: Week 9 through birth (38 to 40 weeks)
Teratogens: Health Risks for the Baby
Alcohol, Cocaine, and Cigarette Smoking During Pregnancy
Alcohol
Cocaine
Cigarette Smoking
The Mother's Health and Age
Mother's Health
Herpes
Syphilis
HIV/AIDS
Mother's Age
Critical Periods
The Role of Fathers
The Process of Birth
Stages of Birth
Cultural Differences Surrounding Birth
Modern Birthing Practices in the United States: Choices and Alternatives
Birth Attendants
Prepared Childbirth
Pain Relief during Labor and Delivery
Birthing Complications: Something Isn't Right
Malpresentation
Fetal Distress
Here's the Newborn!
Becoming a Family: Psychological Adjustments to Having a Newborn
The Transition to Parenthood
Becoming the Big Brother or Sister
Conclusion
Part Two: Infants and Toddlers: The First Years (Birth through 2 years)
Chapter 4: Physical Development in Infants and Toddlers
Infants at Risk: Prematurity and Infant Mortality
What Is Prematurity?
Infant Mortality
Prenatal Care: Having a Healthy Baby
Growth of the Body and Brain
Physical Growth, Sleep Patterns, and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Physical Growth
Sleep Patterns
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Feeding and Nutrition
Structure of the Brain and Nervous System
Forming the Brain and Nervous System
Sensory Capabilities
Basic Components of Vision
How Clear is Their Vision?
Can They See Different Colors?
How Deep is that Drop? Early Depth Perception
How Well Do Infants Hear?
Smell and Taste
Motor Development
Reflexes: The Infant's First Coordinated Movements
Voluntary Movements: The Motor Milestones
Cultural Differences in Early Experience
Toilet Training
Chapter 5: Cognitive Development in Infants and Toddlers
Perceptual Development
Robert Fantz and the Early Work in Testing Visual Preferences
Habituation-Dishabituation Research
Intermodal Perception: Putting It All Together
Explaining Cognitive Development: Piaget's Constructivist View
Piaget as a Child Prodigy
Constructivism and Interaction with the Environment
Piaget's Stage 1: Sensorimotor Thought (Birth to 2 Years)
Learning to Communicate
What Is Language?
Learning Theory: Language as a Learned Skill
Nativist Theory: Born to Talk
Is Language Innate?
Do All Humans Develop Language?
Can Nonhumans Develop Language?
Are There Physical Structures That Are Specialized for Language?
Are There Sensitive Periods for Language Development?
Criticisms of Nativist Theory
Interaction Theories: Cognitive and Social Interactionist Approaches
Cognitive Approach: Language Depends on Cognition
Social Interactionist Theory
Early Communication: How Language Starts
Perceptual Skills
Social Interactions
From Crying to Words: Speech Production in Infancy
Semantics: Words and Their Meanings
How Are Early Words Acquired?
What is the Function of Early Words?
Toddler Grammar: Rules for Putting Words Together
Chapter 6: Socioemotional Development in Infants and Toddlers
Attachment
The History of Attachment Research
John Bowlby's Ethological Theory
Harry Harlow's Research with Rhesus Monkeys
Mary Ainsworth and the Strange Situation
Factors Related to Attachment
Parent Factors
Infant Factors
Cultural Factors
Attachments with Fathers
Day Care and Attachments
Early Attachment and Long-Term Outcomes
Temperament and Emotion
Types of Temperaments
How Do Different Temperaments Form?
Goodness of Fit
Consistency over Time
Other Approaches to Temperament
Infant Responses to Emotions
Toddler Self-Conscious Emotions
Social Relations and Play
Infant Social Interactions and Sensorimotor Play
Toddler Friends
Toddler Conflicts and Symbolic Play
Part Three: Early Childhood: The Playful Years (3 through 6 years )
Chapter 7: Physical Development in Early Childhood
Growth of the Body and Brain
Physical Growth and Nutrition
Growth and Development of the Brain
The Role of Experience in Brain Development
Larger Developmental Patterns in the Brain
Motor Development and Physical Activity
Gross-Motor and Fine-Motor Development
Physical Activity and Exercise
Cerebral Palsy
Health and Safety Issues
Childhood Deaths and Safety Issues
Child Maltreatment: Abuse and Neglect
Effects of Abuse and Neglect
Chapter 8: Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
Piaget's Stage 2: Preoperational Thought
Flourishing Mental Representations
Symbols in Language
Symbols in Art
Symbols in Play
Emergence of Intuitive Thought: "It Seems Like..."
Conservation Problems
Piaget's and Education
Vygotsky's Sociocultural View of Cognitive Development
Vygotsky's Background: The Sociocultural Context for a New Theory
The Role of Speech and Language
Mediation: With a Little Help from Your Friends
The Zone of Proximal Development
Scaffolding and Collaborative Learning
Information Processing
What Is the Information-Processing Approach?
The Development of Basic Cognitive Processes
Changes in Processing Capacity
Changes in Processing Efficiency
Changes in Attention
Metacognition and the Child's Developing Theory of Mind
Theory of Mind
Language Development
An Expanding Vocabulary
Learning Grammar and the Social Rules of Discourse
Bilingual Children: Learning Two Languages
Early Childhood Education and Kindergarten Readiness
Early Childhood Education
Kindergarten Readiness
Chapter 9: Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood
The Social and Emotional Self
The Self, Self-Regulation, and Emotions
The Self
Self-Regulation
Emotions
Developing Ideas about Gender
Moral Development
Parenting
Dimensions of Parenting
Parenting Styles
Discipline: What's a Parent to Do?
A Caution about Punishment
Positive Discipline
Friends and Play
Gender Segregation
Types of Play
Parten's Classic Study of Play
Sociodramatic Play
Cultural Differences in Play
Part Four: Middle Childhood: The School Years (7 through 11 Years)
Chapter 10: Physical Development in Middle Childhood
Growth of the Body and Brain
Physical Growth and Problems with Being Overweight
Growth and Maturation of the Brain
Motor Development and Physical Activity
Motor Development
Physical Activity and Exercise
Organized Sports
Health and Safety Issues
Childhood Injuries and Safety Issues
Child Sexual Abuse
Who's at Risk?
What are the Effects of Child Abuse?
Children with Exceptional Needs
What Is Developmental Psychopathology?
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Communication and Learning Disorders
Autism Spectrum Disorders
Chapter 11: Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
Piaget's Stage 3: Concrete Operational Thought (Ages 7 through 11)
What Is Concrete Operational Thinking?
Class Inclusion, Seriation, and Transitive Inference Skills
Information Processing: Memory Development
Two Models of Memory: Stores and Networks
Working Memory
Long-Term Memory
Other Characteristics of Memory Development
Reconstructive Memory
Autobiographical Memory
Information Processing: Knowledge, Strategies, and New Approaches
Knowledge Base
Strategy Development
Newer Approaches to Understanding Cognitive Development
Computational Models of Thought
Fuzzy Trace Theory
Information Processing: Where Does It Stand?
Learning to Communicate: Language in Middle Childhood
Experts in the Basics
Metalinguistic Awareness
Changes in How Language Is Used
Connectionist Models of Language Development
Cognition in Context
Development of Mathematical Skills
Laying the foundation for Mathematical Skills
Mathematical Skills during the Elementary Years
Development of Reading Skills
Development of Writing Skills
Inventive Spelling
Mechanics and Intermediate Writing
Planning and Revising
Chapter 12: Socioemotional Development in Middle Childhood
The Social and Emotional Self
Self-Evaluations
Emotional Development
Gender Differences
Moral and Prosocial Reasoning
Moral Reasoning
Prosocial Reasoning
Aggression, Conduct Problems, and Resilient Children
Aggression
Conduct Problems
Resilient Children
Families
Children and Divorce
What Factors Explain the Effects of Divorce?
Positive Outcomes of Divorce
Never-Married Households and Stepfamilies
Never-Married Households
Stepfamilies
Play, Friends, and Peer Popularity
Play and Best Friends
Peer Popularity
A Social Cognition Model of Peer Relations, and Helping Rejected Children
Schools and the Media
Children's Beliefs and Teachers' Expectations about Schooling
Children's Beliefs
Teacher's Expectations
Classroom Climate and Grouping Practices in Schools
Classroom Climate
Grouping Practices
Children and the Media
Children and Television
TV and Aggression
Positive Effects of TV
Video Games, Computers, and the Internet
Video Games
Computer Games and the Internet
Part Five: Adolescence: The Transition toward Adulthood (12 Years and beyond)
Chapter 13: Physical Development in Adolescence
Growth of the Body and Brain during Adolescence
Puberty
Early and Late Maturation
Brain Development
Sexual Activity during Adolescence
Patterns of Sexual Activity
Contraceptive Use in Adolescence
Sexual Knowledge and Sex Education
Special Concerns about Teenage Sexual Activity
Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Adolescents
Teenage Pregnancy
Who is at Risk for Teenage Parenthood?
The Impact of Teenage Parenthood
Forced Sexual Behavior
Adolescent Health Issues
Nutrition and Exercise
Eating Disorders
Substance Use and Abuse
Risk Factors for Drug Use
Other Health Issues during the Adolescent Years
Adolescents Need More Sleep.
Depression
Causes of Death
Adolescent Drivers
Suicide
Chapter 14: Cognitive Development in Adolescence
Piaget's Stage 4: Formal Operational Thought (12 Years and Above)
What Is Formal Operational Thought?
Hypothetico-Deductive Reasoning
Abstract Thought
Separating Reality from Possibilities
Combinational Logic
Reflective Thinking
Adolescent Egocentrism
Evaluating Piaget's Theory
Piaget's Legacy
Recent Sociocultural Views of Cognitive Development
Situated Cognition
Guided Participation and Communities of Practice
Thinking as Socially Shared Cognition: Two Heads Are Better Than One
Intelligence
Theories of Intelligence
Psychometric Approaches
Sternberg's Triarchic Theory
Gardener's Theory of Multiple Intelligences
Assessing Intelligence
Intelligence Testing Today
New Assessment Approaches
Extremes of Intelligence: Intellectual Disability and Giftedness
Intellectual Disability
Gifted and Talented Children
Ethnic Differences and Questions about Cultural Bias
Learning to Communicate: Language in Adolescence
The Adolescent Register
Social and Cultural Dialects
Cognition in Context: Adolescents Making Decisions
How Well Do Adolescents Make Decisions?
Making Vocational Choices
The Forgotten Third: Improving the Transition from School to Work
Chapter 15: Socioemotional Development in Adolescence
Who Am I? Adolescents' Understanding of Themselves
Identity
Identity Status
Development of Ethnic Identity
Sexual Orientation
The Development of a Homosexual Identity
Causes of Sexual Orientation
The Experience of Being Gay
Morality
Kohlberg's Level III
Later Work and Research on Kohlberg's Theory
Other Moral Orientations and Moral Domains
Social Relationships: Family
Teens Developing Autonomy: Conflict with Parents
Conflict between Teens and Parents
Dealing Effectively with Adolescent-Parent Conflict
Family Structures
Adopted Adolescents
Families with Lesbian or Gay Parents
Ethnically Diverse Families
Social Relationships: Peers
Friends and Peers in Adolescence
Cliques and Crowds
From Gender Segregation to Dating
Peer Pressure, Delinquent Behavior, and Aggression
Leisure Time in Adolescence
Contexts of Development
Adolescents in School
School Climate and Structure
Differences in Academic Performance
How Can We Prevent Problems in Schooling?
Cultural Contexts for Development
Cultural Orientations: Individualism and Collectivism
What's the Neighborhood Like? Urban and Rural Poverty
Poverty: A Culture of Economics
The Inner City
Rural Poverty
Coming to America: Immigration and Acculturation
Explaining Culture's Influence