The Netter Collection of Medical Illustrations: Cardiovascular System

Section 1 - Anatomy





Thorax: Lungs In Situ: Anterior View
Thorax: Heart In Situ
Thorax: Mediastinum: Cross Section
Thorax: Pericardial Sac
Exposure of the Heart: Anterior Exposure
Exposure of the Heart: Base and Diaphragmatic Surfaces
Atria and Ventricles: Right Atrium and Right Ventricle
Atria and Ventricles: Left Atrium and Left Ventricle
Atria and Ventricles: Atria, Ventricles and Interventricular Septum
Valves: Cardiac Valves Open and Closed
Valves: Valves and Fibrous Skeleton of Heart
Specialized Conduction System of Heart
Coronary Arteries and Cardiac Veins: Sternocostal and Diaphragmatic Surfaces
Coronary Arteries and Cardiac Veins: Arteriovenous Variations
Innervation of Heart: Nerves of Heart
Innervation of Heart: Schema of Innervation


Section 2 - Physiology





Cardiovascular Examination: Events in the Cardiac Cycle: Left Ventricle
Cardiovascular Examination: Important Components of Cardiac Examination
Cardiovascular Examination: Positions for Cardiac Auscultation
Cardiovascular Examination: Areas of Cardiac Auscultation
Cardiovascular Examination: Murmurs
Neural and Humoral Regulation of Cardiac Function
Physiologic Changes During Pregnancy
Cardiac Catheterization: Vascular Access
Cardiac Catheterization: Left-Sided Heart Catheterization
Cardiac Catheterization: Normal Saturations (O2) and Pressure
Cardiac Catheterizations: Examples of O2 and Pressure Findings and Pressure Tracings in Heart Diseases
Cardiac Catheterizations: Normal Cardiac Blood Flow During Inspiration and Expiration
Specialized Conduction System: Physiology of Specialized Conduction System
Specialized Conduction System: Electrical Activity of the Heart
Electrocardiogram
Electrocardiographic Leads and Reference Lines
Cardiac Depolarization and Repolarization and Mean Instantaneous Vectors: Progression of Depolarization
Cardiac Depolarization and Repolarization and Mean Instantaneous Vectors: End of Depolarization Followed by Repolarization
Axis Deviation in Normal Electrocardiogram
Atrial Enlargement
Ventricular Hypertrophy
Bundle Branch Block
Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome
Sinus and Atrial Arrhythmias
Premature Contraction
Sinus Arrest, Sinus Block, and Atrioventricular Block
Tachycardia, Fibrillation, and Atrial Flutter
Effect of Digitalis and Calcium/Potassium Levels on Electrocardiograms
Cardiac Pacing: Dual Chamber and Biventricular


Section 3 - Imaging





Radiology: Frontal Projection
Radiology: Right Anterior Oblique Projection
Radiology: Left Anterior Oblique Projection
Radiology: Lateral Projection
Angiocardiography: Anteroposterior Projection of Right-Sided Heart Structures
Angiocardiography: Lateral Projection of Right-Sided Heart Structures
Angiocardiography: Anteroposterior Projection of Left-Sided Heart Structures
Angiocardiography: Lateral Projection of Left-Sided Heart Structures
Catheter-Based Coronary Angiography: Right Coronary Artery: Arteriographic Views
Catheter-Based Coronary Angiography: Left Coronary Artery: Arteriographic Views
Intravascular Ultrasound
Transthoracic Cardiac Ultrasound
Doppler Echocardiography
Transesophageal Echocardiography
Exercise and Contrast Echocardiography
Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
Ventriculography
Computed Tomographic Angiography: Cardiac Cycle and Calcium Contrast Studies
Computed Topographic Angiography: Interpretation
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Continued)


Section 4 - Embryology





Early Embryonic Development
Early Intraembryonic Vasculogenesis
Formation of the Heart Tube: One-Somite and Two-Somite Stages
Formation of the Heart Tube: Four-Somite and Seven-Somite Stages
Formation of the Heart Loop: 10-Somite and 14-Somite Stages
Formation of the Heart Loop: 20-Somite Stage
Formation of Cardiac Septa: Development of Ventricles and Atrioventricular Valves
Formation of the Cardiac Septa: 27 and 29 Days
Formation of the Cardiac Septa: 31 and 33 Days
Formation of the Cardiac Septa: 37 and 55 Days
Formation of the Cardiac Septa: Heart Tube Derivatives
Formation of the Cardiac Septa: Partitioning of the Heart Tube: Atrial Septation
Formation of the Cardiac: Embryonic Origins, Right and Left Sides
Development of Major Blood Vessels: 3, 4, and 10mm
Development of Major Blood Vessels: 14mm, 17mm, and at Term
Development of Major Blood Vessels: 4, 10, and 14mm
Development of Major Blood Vessels: 7mm, 24mm, and at Term
Fetal Circulation Pattern and Changes at Birth
Three Early Vascular Systems


Section 5 - Congenital Heart Disease





Physical Examination: Diagnostic Clues to Congenital Heart Disease
Cardiac Vein Anomalies
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection
Surgery for Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return
Anomalies of the Atria
Defects of the Atrial Septum: Anatomy
Defects of the Atrial Septum: Surgery
Defects of the Atrial Septum: Septal Occluder Device
Endocardial Cushion Defects: Anatomy and Embryology
Endocardial Cushion Defects: Surgery for Ostium Primum and Cleft Mitral Valve
Anomalies of the Tricuspid Valve: Tricuspid Atresia
Anomalies of the Tricuspid Valve: Glenn Surgery for Tricuspid Atresia
Anomalies of the Tricuspid Valve: Ebstein's Anomaly
Anomalies of the Tricuspid Valve: Types of Ebstein's Anomaly
Anomalies of the Ventricular Septum
Anomalies of the Ventricular Septum (Continued)
Anomalies of the Ventricular Septum: Transatrial Repair of Ventricular Septal Defect
Anomalies of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract: Tetralogy of Fallot
Anomalies of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract: Pathophysiology and Blalock-Taussig Operation for Tetralogy of Fallot
Anomalies of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract: Corrective Operation for Tetralogy of Fallot
Anomalies of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract: Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot
Anomalies of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract: Eisenmenger Complex and Double-Outlet Right Ventricle
Anomalies of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract: Pulmonary Valvular Stenosis and Atresia
Anomalies of Left Ventricular Outlfow Tract: Aortic Atresia, Bicuspid Aortic Valve, and Aortic Vavular Stenosis
Anomalies of Left Ventricular Outlfow Tract: Fibrous and Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenoses
Anomalies of Left Ventricular Outlfow Tract: Norwood Correction of Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
Transposition of the Great Vessels
Transposition of the Great Vessels: Mustard and Blalock-Hanlon Operations
Transposition of the Great Vessels: Balloon Atrial Septostomy and Arterial Repair of Transpoistion of the Great Arteries
Transposition of the Great Vessels With Inversion of the Ventricles
Anomalies of the Truncus Septum
Anomalous Left Coronary Artery and Aneurysm of the Sinus of Valsalva
Anomalous Coronary Arteries Seen in Adult Patients
Anomalies of the Aortic Arch System: Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Anomalies of the Aortic Arch System: Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery
Anomalies of the Aortic Arch System: Double Aortic Arch and Right Aortic Arch Anomalies
Anomalies of the Aortic Arch System: Anomalous Origins of the Pulmonary Artery
Anomalies of the Aortic Arch System: Anatomic Features of Aortic Coarctation in Older Children and Neonates
Anomalies of the Aortic Arch System: Coarctation of Aorta
Endocardial Fibroelastosis and Glycogen Storage Disease


Section 6 - Acquired Heart Disease

ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE





Structure of Coronary Arteries
Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis
Risk Factors in Etiology of Atherosclerosis
Pathologic Changes in Coronary Artery Disease
End-Organ Damage by Vascular Disease
Unstable Plaque Formation
Angiogenesis and Arteriogenesis
CHRONIC ANGINA

Overview of Myocardial Ischemia
Angina Pectoris
Detection of Myocardial Ischemia
Degree of Flow-Limiting Stenoses
Left-Sided Heart Angiography
Fractional Flow Reserve
Chronic Angina Revascularization Procedures: Stent Deployment
Chronic Angina Revascularization Procedures: Rotational Atherectomy and Distal Protection Device
ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES

Pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndromes
Myocardial Infarction: Changes in the Heart
Myocardial Infarction: Changes in the Heart (Continued)
Myocardial Infarction: Changes in the Heart (Continued)
Myocardial Infarction: Changes in the Heart (Continued)
Manifestations of Myocardial Infarction: First Day to Several Weeks
Manifestations of Myocardial Infarction: Effects of Myocardial Ischemia, Injury and Infarction on ECG
Recanalization of Occluded Coronary Artery in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Intra-aortic Balloon Counterpulsation
ACUTE RHEUMATIC FEVER AND RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE

Rheumatic Fever in Sydenham's Chorea: Infection, Disease Course, and Heart Muscle
Rheumatic Fever in Sydenham's Chorea: Noncardiac Manifestations
Rheumatic Heart Disease: Acute Pericarditis and Myocarditis
Rheumatic Heart Disease: Acute Valvular Involvement
Rheumatic Heart Disease: Residual Changes of Acute Rheumatic Carditis
Rheumatic Heart Disease: Mitral Stenosis: Pathologic Anatomy
Rheumatic Heart Disease: Mitral Stenosis: Pathophysiology and Clinical Aspects
Rheumatic Heart Disease: Mitral Stenosis: Secondary Anatomic Effects
Rheumatic Heart Disease: Mitral Stenosis: Secondary Pulmonary Effects
Rheumatic Heart Disease: Mitral Stenosis: Thromboembolic Complications
Rheumatic Heart Disease: Mitral Stenosis: Thromboembolic Complications: Principal Sites of Embolism from Left Artial Thrombosis
Rheumatic Heart Disease: Mitral Stenosis: Thromboembolic Complications: Mitral Balloon Valvuloplasty
Rheumatic Heart Disease: Mitral Regurgitation
Rheumatic Heart Disease: Mitral Regurgitation: Pathophysiology and Clinical Aspects
Mitral Valve Clip
Mitral Valve Repair
Mitral Valve Prolapse
AORTIC AND VASCULAR DISEASE

Aortic Stenosis: Rheumatic and Nonrheumatic Causes
Aortic Stenosis: Rheumatic and Nonrheumatic Causes (Continued)
Aortic Regurgitation: Pathology
Aortic Regurgitation: Pathology (Continued)
Transcutaneous Aortic Valve Replacement
Cystic Medial Necrosis of Aorta
Cystic Medial Necrosis of Aorta: Surgical Management
Syphilitic Aortic Disease
PROSTHETIC VALVE SURGERY

First Generation of Synthetic Prosthetic Valves
Second Generation of Synthetic Prosthetic Valves and Biologic Valves
Mitral Valve Replacement
Aortic Valve Replacement
Excision of Aortic Aneurysm and Replacement of Aortic Valve for Cystic Medial Necrosis
Multiple Valve Replacement
Insertion of Trileaflet Aortic Valve
Aortic Valve Biologic Grafts
TRICUSPID VALVE DISEASE

Tricuspid Stenosis and Regurgitation and Multivalvular Disease
Tricuspid Stenosis and/or Insufficiency
MYOCARDITIS, AMYLOID, AND OTHER CARDIOMYOPATHIES

Amyloidosis
Septic Myocarditis
Diphtheritic and Viral Myocarditis
Myocarditis in Sarcoidosis and Scleroderma
Idiopathic Myocarditis
Endomyocardial Fibrosis
Loeffler's Endocarditis
Becker's Disease
Beriberi
Cardiomyopathies
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and the Heart
Substance Abuse and the Heart
PERICARDIAL DISEASE

Presentation and Treatment of Pericarditis
Etiologies of Pericarditis
Constrictive Pericarditis
ACUTE AND CHRONIC COR PULMONALE AND PULMONARY EMBOLISM

Acute Cor Pulmonale and Pulmonary Embolism: Massive Embolization
Acute Cor Pulmonale and Pulmonary Embolism: Embolism of Lesser Degree Without Infarction
Lesions That May Cause Pulmonary Hypertension and Chronic Cor Pulmonale
Chronic Cor Pulmonale
Deep Vein Thrombosis
INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS

Infective Endocarditis: Portals of Entry and Predisposing Lesion
Early Lesions of Infective Endocarditis
Advanced Lesions of Infective Endocarditis
Right-Side Heart Involvement in Infective Endocarditis
Cardiac Sequelae of Infective Endocarditis
Mycotic Aneurysms and Emboli in the Heart
Remote Embolic Effects of Infective Endocarditis
Nonbacterial Thrombotic (Marantic) Endocarditis
CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION AND HYPOTHERMIA THERAPY

External Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Internal Cardiac Massage
Defibrillation
CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASE

Rheumatoid Arthritis
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Polymyositis and Dermatomyocytis
Scleroderma (Progressive Systemic Sclerosis)
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
ENDOCRINE DISORDERS AND CARDIAC DISEASE

Acromegaly
Hyperthyroidism: Thyrotoxicosis
Hypothyroidism: Myxedema
Cushing's Syndrome
Primary Hyperaldosteronism: Mineralocorticoid Hypertension
Pheochromocytoma
HEART TUMORS

Myxoma and Rhabdomyoma
Metastatic Tumors of the Heart
HYPERTENSION

Hypertension Regulation: Interdependent and Interacting Factors in Blood Pressure Regulation
Etiology of Hypertension
Hypertension Regulation: Renin-Angiotensin System
Hypertension Regulation: Wave Reflection and Isolated Systolic Hypertension
Causes of Secondary Hypertension Possibly Amenable to Surgery
Retinal Changes in Hypertension
Occlusive Disease of Main Renal Artery
Occlusive Disease of Main Renal Artery (Continued)
Kidneys and Hypertension
Heart Disease in Hypertension
Heart Disease in Hypertension (Continued)
Hypertension and Congestive Heart Failure Disease
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Hypertension
NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDERS

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Myotonic Dystrophy
Friedreich's Ataxia
Disorders of Potassium Metabolism
PENETRATING AND NONPENETRATING HEART TRAUMA

Cardiac Tamponade in Penetrating Heart Wounds
Relative Distribution of Penetrating Heart Wounds
Variable Course of Penetrating Heart Wounds
Thoracotomy and Cardiorrhaphy
Thoracotomy and Cardiorrhaphy (Continued)
Nonpenetrating Heart Wounds: Pathogeneis and Variable Course of Cardiac Contusion
Nonpenetrating Heart Wounds: Myocardial Rupture and Valvular Injuries
Nonpenetrating Heart Wounds: Mechanism of Sudden Cardiac Death in Commotio Cordis
PERCUTANEOUS INTERVENTION PROCEDURES

Percutaneous Approaches to Reduce Cerebral Emboli
Cerebrovascular Emboli Protection Device
Interventional Approaches to Peripheral Arterial Disease
HEART FAILURE

Right-Sided and Left-Sided Heart Failure and Systemic Congestion: Physical Examination
Right-Sided and Left-Sided Heart Failure in Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Pulmonary Congestion
Pulmonary Congestion or Edema of Cardiac and Other Origins
Causes and Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Edema
Cardiac Origins of Peripheral or Systemic Congestion or Edema
Therapy for Pulmonary Edema and Paroxysmal Dyspnea
Biventricular Pacing and Intracardiac Defibrillator: Benefit of Biventricular Pacing
Biventricular Pacing and Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator
Diastolic Heart Failure
Heart Transplantation: Orthotopic Biatrial Cardiac Transplantation
Heart Transplantation: Bicaval Cardiac Transplantation
Heart Transplantation: HeartMate XVE and II Left Ventricular Assist Systems
SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH IN YOUNG ATHLETES

Sudden Death in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
SYNCOPE

Management of Syncope
PARASITIC DISEASE AND THE HEART

Trichinosis
Chagas Disease (Trypanosomiasis)
Amebic Pericarditis
Echinococcus Infection and Hydatid Pericarditis