Psychology

About the Authors List of Contributors To the Instructor To the Student CHAPTER 1 Psychology: Yesterday and Today What Is Psychology? Psychology?s Roots in Philosophy The Founding of Psychology Psychology in the 21st Century: Cognitive Psychology, Neuroscience and Evolution The Diversity of Psychology and Psychological Literacy Summary Key Terms CHAPTER 2 Psychology as a Science What Is a Science? Is Psychology a Science? How Do Psychologists Conduct Research? How Do Psychologists Make Sense of Research Results? What Ethical Research Guidelines Do Psychologists Follow? Summary Key Terms CHAPTER 3 Biological and Cognitive Development Understanding How We Develop How Is Developmental Psychology Investigated? Before We Are Born Infancy Early and Middle Childhood Adolescence Adulthood Summary TYING IT TOGETHER Key Terms CHAPTER 4 Social and Emotional Development Before We Are Born Infancy Childhood Adolescence Adulthood and Old Age Atypical Development Summary TYING IT TOGETHER Key Terms CHAPTER 5 Behavioural Neuroscience How Do Scientists Study the Nervous System and the Brain? How Does the Nervous System Work? The Brain?s Structural and Functional Organization Neurons and the Communication Systems of the Brain, Nervous System and Body Building the Brain Brain Side and Brain Size Neurological Diseases Summary TYING IT TOGETHER Key Terms CHAPTER 6 Genes, Environment and Evolution The History of Evolutionary Approaches to Psychology The Principles Behind Evolutionary Psychology Main Areas of Research in Evolutionary Psychology Criticisms and Misunderstandings of Evolutionary Approaches to Human Behaviour The Future of Evolutionary Psychology Summary TYING IT TOGETHER Key Terms CHAPTER 7 Perception and the Senses Introducing Perception: Common Features of the Senses The Chemical Senses: Smell and Taste The Tactile Senses: Touch, Pressure, Pain, Vibration The Auditory Sense: Hearing The Visual Sense: Sight Summary TYING IT TOGETHER Key Terms CHAPTER 8 Consciousness PART 1: THE PHILOSOPHY OF CONSCIOUSNESS Defining Consciousness Is Consciousness ?Mysterious?? What?s in the World? Part 1: Material Stuff or Mental Stuff What?s in the World? Part 2: Material Stuff and Mental Stuff Summary of Part 1 PART 2: STUDYING CONSCIOUS STATES When We Are Awake: Conscious Awareness Preconscious and Unconscious States Hypnosis When We Are Asleep Psychoactive Drugs Summary TYING IT TOGETHER Key Terms CHAPTER 9 Learning What Is Learning? Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Observational Learning Factors that Facilitate Learning When We Learn Prenatal and Postnatal Learning Learning and Gender Learning Difficulties Summary TYING IT TOGETHER Key Terms CHAPTER 10 Memory What Is Memory? How Do We Encode Information into Memory? How Do We Store Memories? How Do We Retrieve Memories? Why Do We Forget and Misremember? Memory and the Brain Memories in the Young and Old Disorders of Memory Summary TYING IT TOGETHER Key Terms CHAPTER 11 Language and Thought Language Language and Thought Thought Summary TYING IT TOGETHER Key Terms CHAPTER 12 Intelligence What Do We Mean by Intelligence? Additional Types of Intelligence How Do We Measure Intelligence? Is Intelligence Governed by Genetic or Environmental Factors? The Brain and Intelligence Extremes in Intelligence Summary TYING IT TOGETHER Key Terms CHAPTER 13 Motivation Theories of Motivation Biological Motivations: Hunger Biological Motivations: Sex Psychological Motivations: Affiliation and Achievement Summary TYING IT TOGETHER Key Terms CHAPTER 14 Emotion What Is Emotion? Where Do Emotions Come From? The Range of Emotional Experiences Summary TYING IT TOGETHER Key Terms CHAPTER 15 Personality The Psychodynamic Perspective The Humanistic Perspective The Trait Perspective The Situationist and Interactionist Perspectives Biological Foundations of Personality Personality and Group Differences Personality Disorders Personality Assessment Summary TYING IT TOGETHER Key Terms CHAPTER 16 Social Cognition, Social Relations and Social Functioning Social Cognition: Attitudes Social Cognition: Attributions Social Relations Social Functioning Summary TYING IT TOGETHER Key Terms CHAPTER 17 Social Forces, Group Processes and Language Social Forces Intragroup Processes Intergroup Relations Language and Social Groups Summary TYING IT TOGETHER Key Terms CHAPTER 18 Stress, Coping and Health What Is Stress? Responding to and Coping with Stress Stress and Health Summary TYING IT TOGETHER Key Terms CHAPTER 19 Psychological Disorders Defining, Classifying and Diagnosing Psychological Disorders Models of Psychological Disorder Mood Disorders Anxiety Disorders Schizophrenia Other Psychological Disorders Summary TYING IT TOGETHER Key Terms CHAPTER 20 Treatment of Psychological Disorders Treatment in the Modern Context Biological Treatments Behavioural Therapies Cognitive-Behavioural Therapies Non-Empirical Therapies Humanistic and Existential Therapies Psychodynamic Approaches Formats of Therapy Does Therapy Work? Some Final Thoughts about the Field of Psychology Summary TYING IT TOGETHER Key Terms Glossary References Name Index Subject Index