Offshore Structures

4 Marine Structural Analysis.- 4.1 Time-Independent Elastic Problems.- 4.1.1 Frameworks.- 4.1.2 Membranes.- 4.1.3 Plates.- 4.1.4 Cylindrical Shells.- 4.2 Stability and Second-Order Stress Theory.- 4.3 Time-Dependent Elastic Problems.- 4.3.1 Natural Frequencies of Beams and Plates.- 4.3.2 Forced Oscillations.- 4.4 Ultimate Load Analysis.- 4.4.1 Plastic Capacity under Combined Loading.- 4.4.2 Ultimate Loads of Simple Structures.- 4.5 Numerical Methods.- 4.5.1 Finite Element Method.- 4.5.2 Structural Modelling with Finite Elements.- 4.6 List of Symbols.- 5 Environmental Conditions Affecting Marine Structures.- 5.1 Evaluating Stochastic Processes.- 5.1.1 Stationary Random Processes.- 5.1.2 Stationary Gaussian Random Processes.- 5.1.3 Stationary Poisson Random Processes and Markov Chains.- 5.1.3.1 The Poisson Random Process.- 5.1.3.2 Markov Chains.- 5.1.4 Linear Systems with One Degree of Freedom.- 5.2 Evaluating Random Processes in the Marine Environment.- 5.2.1 Probabilistic Description of the Stationary Seaway.- 5.2.1.1 The Superposition Model of the Seaway.- 5.2.1.2 The State Space Model of the Seaway.- 5.2.1.3 Probabilistic Seaway Parameters.- 5.2.2 Statistical Analysis of the Seaway.- 5.2.2.1 Short-Term Statistics.- 5.2.2.2 Long-Term Statistics.- 5.2.3 Wind and Sea Currents.- 5.2.3.1 Wind.- 5.2.3.2 Sea Currents.- 5.3 List of Symbols.- 6 Evaluation of Marine Structures.- 6.1 Classical Methods of Short-Term Evaluation.- 6.1.1 Floating Structures.- 6.1.2 Flexible Mooring of Floating Structures.- 6.1.3 Fixed Structures.- 6.1.3.1 Monopod Platforms in a Stationary Seaway.- 6.1.3.2 Linearly Elastic Structures with more than One Degree of Freedom.- 6.2 Classical Methods of Long-Term Evaluation.- 6.2.1 Design Values for Environmental Loads.- 6.2.1.1 Design Value of an Individual Wave Load.- 6.2.1.2 Comparative Evaluation of Wave Loads.- 6.2.1.3 Superposition of Load Processes.- 6.2.2 Fatigue Strength Models.- 6.2.2.1 Fatigue Strength Modelling.- 6.2.2.2 Crack Propagation Modelling.- 6.2.2.3 Stochastic Evaluation of Fatigue Strength.- 6.2.3 Fatigue Strength under Seaway Loads.- 6.2.3.1 Deterministic Method of Analysis.- 6.2.3.2 Spectral Analysis Method.- 6.2.3.3 Simulation.- 6.2.3.4 Design for Fatigue Strength.- 6.3 Modern Methods of Reliability Analysis.- 6.3.1 Reliability of Load-Bearing Structural Elements.- 6.3.2 Reliability of Load-Bearing Structural Systems.- 6.3.2.1 Structures Behaving Like Series or Parallel Systems.- 6.3.2.2 Structures Behaving Like Redundant Systems.- 6.3.3 Reliability and Risk as Functions of Time.- 6.3.3.1 Fatigue Failure Probability Modelling with Stress and Strength being Functions of Time.- 6.3.3.2 Hydrodynamic and Structural Analysis.- 6.3.3.3 Multi-Dimensional Response Surfaces for Spectral Moments.- 6.3.3.4 Stochastic Models of Basic Parameters and Data.- 6.3.3.5 Numerical Estimation of Fatigue Failure Probability as a Function of Time.- 6.3.3.6 Adaptive Inspection Planning.- 6.4 List of Symbols.- 7 Dimensioning of Marine Steel Structures.- 7.1 Fabrication and Materials.- 7.2 Dimensioning in Accordance with Regulations.- 7.2.1 Dimensioning of Slender Stiffeners for Plates Subject to Pressure.- 7.2.2 Dimensioning of Cylindrical Structures.- 7.2.3 Tube Joints.- 7.3 Fatigue Strength Evaluation on the Basis of Regulations.- 7.3.1 Fatique Design on the Basis of GL Requirements.- 7.3.2 Fatigue Design on the Basis of API-RP2A Recommendations.- 7.3.3 Fatigue Analysis Based on API-RP2A Recommendations.- 7.4 Development of Modern Regulations.- 7.4.1 Development of Regulations Based on Reliability Technology.- 7.4.2 Principles of Quality Assurance and Classification.- 7.5 Examples of Structural Components.- 7.6 List of Symbols.- A1 Selected Principles of Probability Theory.- A2 Selected Principles of Matrix Calculus.