The Making of a World City

About the Author ix Foreword by Martin Simmons xi Preface by Rosemary Feenan and Robert Gordon Clark xiii Acknowledgements xv Section I London in 1991 - Setting the scene 1 Introduction: Honor Chapman and London:World City 3 2 London prior to 1991: The back story 11 Planning for a new world city 12 The rise of finance and a new rationale for post-industrial London 13 A hiatus of government 16 The LDDC and a new era of pragmatism 16 3 The 1991 London:World City report and its message about London 19 Old rivals, new rivals 22 An agenda for metropolitan governance 24 Brand new: The promotion of London 26 The future knowledge economy 29 Section II The evolution of London, 1991 to 2015 4 The internationalisation of London's economy 35 Internationalisation of London's labour force 39 The global financial crisis and after 43 5 Leadership, governance and policy 47 1997 and a new direction for metropolitan government 52 The London Plan: A global city strategy 56 London boroughs 59 Promoting London 60 London's governance today 66 6 Re-investment and urban regeneration 69 Cultural revitalisation of the South Bank: Lambeth, Southwark and Greenwich 72 New regeneration powers from 2000 74 Regeneration in perspective 77 From de-industrial to post-industrial: Building a new experience for markets, leisure and commerce 80 7 Corporate hub, officemarket and real estate 87 The rise and rise of tall buildings 88 The diffusion of London's office geography 89 The transformative impact of foreign capital 93 8 Homes and housing in London 99 Consensus but complacency in the 1990s 100 The London Plan and a new agenda for housing 101 London's housing predicament: Prospects and solutions 107 9 London's evolving infrastructure platform 111 The impact of TfL and citywide government on transport 113 From incrementalism to integration? 117 Section III London today and in the future 10 World cities today 121 Measuring world cities in 2015 125 Emerging world cities 128 Insights from benchmarks about short- and long-term city success 132 11 London in the next decade: Implications of the rise of other world cities 135 Finance and business: Global leadership in a new context 138 Culture, diversity and destination 143 Higher education, technology and new sectors 145 Sustainability and liveability: Aspiration or reality? 149 Infrastructure, housing and skills 151 12 Investment in London: Challenges and solutions 159 London's relationship with the UK 160 London's constrained investment scene 162 The financial and investment capacity of London's five principal rivals 166 London's fiscal position in perspective 169 13 Eight imperatives for London 175 14 Lessons from London for other cities 187 Appendix 195 Bibliography 197 Index 219