The Cervical Spine

Section 1. Anatomy, Physiology, Biomechanics, and Basic Science of Bone Healing Anatomy of the Cervical Spine Developmental Anatomy of the Normal Cervical Spine Functional Anatomy of Joints, Ligaments, and Discs Cervical Spine Kinematics and Clinical Instability Mechanisms of Injury in the Cervical Spine: Basic Concepts, Biomechanical Modeling, Experimental Evidence and Clinical Applications Biomechanics of Nonacute Cervical Spine Trauma Cervical Orthoses and Cranioskeletal Traction Pain Mechanisms Treatment possibilities in chronic pain patients Section 2. Neurological and Functional Evaluation Evaluation of Patients with Cervical Spine Lesions Neurological Examination of the Cervical Spine Anatomical Localization Neurological Examination: Grading Scales Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Cervical Radioculopathy Myelopathy: Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis Diagnosis of Cervical Spine Disorders: Neurophysiological Tests Intraoperative Electrophysiological Monitoring Techniques Neurophysiological Monitoring During Cervical Spine Surgery The Wake Up Test Non Paralytic Anesthesia and Real-time Monitoring Diagnostic Blocks Cervical Discography Outcome Assessment Tools in Cervical Spine Surgery Section 3. Radiographic Evaluation Plain Radiographic Evaluation of Cervical Spine Injury Computed Tomography and Myelography of the Cervical Spine Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Cervical Spine and Spinal Cord Nuclear Medicine Evaluation of the Cervical Spine Angiography of the Cervical Spine and Spinal Cord Clearing the Cervical Spine in Trauma Patients Section 4. Pediatric Conditions Cervical Orthoses, Halo Devices and Traction in Children Evaluation of the Cervical Spine in Children Congenital Malformations of the Base of the Skull, the Atlas and the Dens Cervical Spine Instability in the Pediatric Patient: Treatment Klippel-Feil Syndrome The Cervical Spine and Skeletal Dysplasias Miscellaneous Conditions of the Cervical Spine: Neurofibromatosis, Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis and Rickets Cervical Spine Injuries in Children Pediatric Spinal Cord Injury Discitis, Osteomyelities and Intervertebral Disc Calcification in Children Torticollis in Children Section 5. Trauma: Fractures/Dislocations Soft Tissue Neck Injuries Cervical Spine Injuries in Athletes Injuries to the Atlanto-Occipital Articulation Fractures of the Ring of the Atlas Dens Fractures Traumatic Spondylolisthesis of the Axis "Hangman's Fracture" Classification of Lower C-Spine Injuries Flexion Injuries Extension Injuries Subaxial Cervical Spine Burst Fractures Cervical Instrumentation for Traumatic Injuries Section 6. Spinal Cord Injury Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathophysiologcal Mechanisms, and Experimental Therapy Acute Injuries to the Spine and Spinal Cord: Evaluation and Early Treatment Medical Rehabilitation of Patients After Spinal Cord Injury Non-traumatic Syringomelia Post-traumatic Syringomyelia Spinal Cord/Nerve Regeneration