FAST: Faceted Application of Subject Terminology
Principles and Application
Published on 26. July 2010
Book
Paperback/Softback
354 pages
978-1-59158-722-4 (ISBN)
Description
While The Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) is perhaps the best known bibliographic control system in existence, it is cumbersome and not always user friendly. Faceted Application of Subject Terminology (or FAST) is designed to rework LCSH's authority rules, so that they are easier to use, understand, and apply. The result is a schema designed to handle a large volume of materials with less effort and cost. To this end, two members of the original design team have put together numerous examples of FAST-driven projects including traditional monographs, special collections (archives, business records), electronic resources, and websites. The result is a prototype designed to be used not just by experienced catalogers but people with minimal training and experience.
More details
Language
English
Place of publication
United States
Publishing group
Bloomsbury Publishing Plc
Target group
Professional and scholarly
College/higher education
Illustrations
40 Illustrations
Dimensions
Height: 254 mm
Width: 178 mm
Thickness: 20 mm
Weight
706 gr
ISBN-13
978-1-59158-722-4 (9781591587224)
Copyright in bibliographic data and cover images is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or by the publishers or by their respective licensors: all rights reserved.
Schweitzer Classification
Persons
Lois Mai Chan is professor of library and information science at the University of Kentucky.
Edward T. O'Neill is a consulting research scientist at OCLC.
Edward T. O'Neill is a consulting research scientist at OCLC.
Content
Preface
Part I: Introduction
1 Information Organization: Approaches and Principles
Introduction
Information Searching Environments
The Internet
Online Databases
Library Catalogs and Bibliographies
Subject Access to Information
Keyword Searching
Controlled Vocabulary Access
Keyword and Controlled Vocabulary Search Results
Classification
Principles of Controlled Vocabulary
Uniform and Unique Headings
Consistent and Current Terminology
Specific Entry
Terminological Control and Term Relationships
Representation of Complex Subjects
Characteristics of Indexing Languages
Subdivision Practice
Enumerative versus Synthetic Languages
Faceting
Precoordination versus Postcoordination
From Cards to Computers
Card Catalogs
Online Catalogs and Databases
Controlled Vocabulary Systems
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH)
Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
FAST (Faceted Application of Subject Terminology)
Selecting an Indexing/Classification Schema
Compatibility with Existing Metadata
Ease of Assignment
Retrieval Effectiveness
Cost of Maintenance
Conclusion
2 Metadata Encoding
Bibliographic Data
Print Representation
Book Catalogs
Card Catalogs
Digital Representation
The MARC Bibliographic Formats
MARC 21
MARC Record Structure
UNIMARC
XML (Extensible Markup Language)
MARCXML
MODS
Dublin Core
Authority Data
Print Representation
Digital Representation
MARC 21
Other MARC Authority Formats
SKOS
Conclusion
Part II: FAST Headings
3 Introduction to FAST
Impact of the Internet and the World Wide Web
The History of FAST
Sources of FAST Headings
Principles
Semantics
Common and Current Usage
Literary Warrant
Uniform Heading
Unique Heading
Syntax of Headings
Faceting
Enumeration versus Synthesis
Precoordination versus Postcoordination
Precoordination
Postcoordination
Heading Structure
Main Headings
Subdivisions
Qualifiers
Modular Approach
Conclusion
4 Topical Headings
Introduction
Functions of Topical Headings
Forms of Topical Headings
Single-Concept Headings
Single-Word Headings
Multiple-Word Headings
Adjectival Phrase Headings
Prepositional Phrase Headings
Multiple-Concept Headings
Compound Phrase Headings
Prepositional Phrase Headings
Headings with Subdivisions
Types of Topical Headings
Headings Representing Concepts and Objects
Form/Genre as Subjects
Fictitious, Legendary, and Mythological Characters
Named Animals
Imaginary Places and Organizations
Geologic Periods
Other Entities Bearing Proper Names
Inverted Headings
5 Geographic Headings
Introduction
Types of Geographic Headings
Jurisdictional Headings
Nonjurisdictional Headings
Changes of Name
Linear Name Changes
Mergers or Splits
Mergers
Splits
Language and Form of Geographic Headings
Language
Abbreviations
Grammatical Form
Qualifiers
Place Qualifiers
Type Qualifiers
Place and Type Qualifiers
Levels of Geographic Headings
First-Level Geographic Headings
Second-Level Geographic Headings
Third-Level Geographic Headings
City Sections and Neighborhoods
New York City Boroughs
London Boroughs
Areas Associated with Cities
Entities within Cities
Bridges and Tunnels
Special Cases
Extinct Cities and Ancient Kingdoms
Archaeological Sites
Bodies of Water
Islands
Interstates/Highways/Freeway Interchanges
Disputed Territories
Language-Based Territories
Parks, Reserves, and so Forth
Other Man-Made Structures Associated with Places Larger Than a City
Extraterrestrial Bodies
Latitude, Longitude, and Feature Type
6 Chronological Headings
Introduction
Forms of Chronological Headings
B.C./A.D.
Geologic Periods
Headings for Named Historical Periods
Chronological Headings Containing Dates Only
7 Headings for Events
Introduction
Forms of Event Headings
Language
Qualifiers
Types of Event Headings
Headings for Military Conflicts
Headings for Meetings
Headings for Sporting Events
Headings for Other Events
Chronological and Geographic Headings for Events
8 Proper Names as Subject Headings
Headings for Persons
Principles
Names of Individual Persons
Names of Families
Names of Dynasties, Royal Houses, and so Forth
Headings for Corporate Bodies
Principles
Forms of Headings for Corporate Bodies
Language
Qualifiers
Headings for Main Corporate Bodies
Governments
Nongovernment Bodies
Headings for Subordinate Bodies
Corporate Name Changes
Headings for Titles
Principles
Forms of Headings for Titles
Language
Qualifiers
Types of Headings for Titles
Anonymous Works
Works of Known Authorship
Works from Corporate Bodies, Conferences, Meetings, Etc.
9 Form and Genre Headings
Introduction
Principles
Forms of Form and Genre Headings
Main Heading
Subdivision
Examples of FAST Form and Genre Headings
General Form Headings
Audiovisual Materials
Art
Cartography
Law
Literature
Music
Religion
10 Cross-References
Introduction
Equivalence Relationship
Synonymous Terms
Variant Spellings
Abbreviations, Acronyms, Initials, and so Forth
Different Language Terms
Popular and Scientific Terms
Alternative Forms
Different Entry Elements
Narrow Terms Not Used as Headings
Ambiguous Relationships
Hierarchical Relationships
Genus/Species (or Class/Class Member) Relationship
Instance Relationship
Whole/Part Relationship
Compound and Complex Relationship
Associative Relationships
Cross-References for Proper Name Headings
Personal Names
Names of Individual Persons
Family Names
Names of Fictitious and Mythological Characters
Dynasties
Houses of Dukes, Counts, or Earls
Corporate Names
Geographic Names
Jurisdictional Names
Nonjurisdictional Names
Changes in Geographic Names
Headings for Other Named Entities
Headings for Events
Headings for Titles
Conclusion
Part III: Application of FAST
11 The FAST Database
Indexing Overview
Queries
Searching
Keywords in Headings
Advanced Searching
Phrase Searching
Keyword Searching
Geographic Indexes
Other Indexes
Index View
12 Application of FAST Headings
Introduction
Coding for FAST Headings in Bibliographic Records
MARC Records
Dublin Core Records
Exhaustivity in Cataloging or Indexing
Assigning FAST Headings
Identifying Concepts and Facets within the Topic
Selecting Form/Genre Headings
Selecting Subject Headings
Topical Headings
Works on a Single Topic
Works on Multiple Topics
Works on Complex Topics
Topics with Multiple Concepts
Geographic Headings
Chronological Headings
Name Headings
Title Headings
Topics with Multiple Facets
Subject Relations
FAST Application Examples
Example 1: People and Predators: from Conflict to Coexistence
Example 2: Daily Life in Colonial New England
Example 3: Style and the Nineteenth-century British Critic: Sincere Mannerisms
Example 4: Fife and Tayside
Example 5: Anne Frank: Reflections on Her Life and Legacy
Example 6: 2005 Hydrographic Survey of South San Francisco Bay, California [Web site]
Example 7: Shakespeare in the Victorian Periodicals
Example 8: Portrait of an Unknown Woman
Example 9: The Pretender
Example 10: First Emperor of China [DVD]
Example 11: Japan: Economic, Political and Social Issues
Example 12: Detours [Audio CD]
Part IV: Authority Control and Implementation
13 Derivation of FAST Headings
Background
Topical Headings
Enumeration of Assigned Headings
Validation
Recoding of Forms
Normalization
LCSH Authority File
Subdivisions
Geographic Headings
Event Headings
Event Headings Derived from Topical Headings
Event Headings Derived from Period Subdivisions
Event Headings Derived from LCSH Conferences and Meetings Names
Headings for Names of Persons and Families
Headings for Names of Corporate Bodies
Headings for Titles
Works of Anonymous Authorship
Works of Personal Authorship
Works of Corporate Bodies
Works from Conferences and Meetings
Chronological Headings
Form Headings
14 FAST Authority Records
Introduction
Authority Data
Authority Records
MARC Record Structure for Authorities
Creation of FAST Authority Records
Example 1. Vestischer Kuenstlerbund Recklinghausen
Example 2. David D. Smyers
Example 3. Battle of Agincourt
Example 4. Ferryboat Captains
Example 5. Columbus Dispatch
Example 6. McConnelsville
Example 7. Infants-Diseases-Patients
Additional Examples of FAST Authority Records
Topical Headings
Geographic Headings
Chronological Headings
Personal Name Headings
Corporate Headings
Event Headings
Title Headings
Form/Genre Headings
Normalization
Conflicts
Additional Validation
Obsolete Authority Records
15 Authority Control
Definition
Need for Authority Control
Validation
Correction
Stylistic
Tagging and Subfield Coding
Cross-References
Typographical Errors
Obsolete Headings
Conclusion
16 Faceting LCSH into FAST
Introduction
Identification and Recoding of Form Subdivisions
Algorithmic Faceting of LCSH to FAST
Faceting of Forms
Faceting of Titles
Titles of Anonymous Works
Titles for Works of Known Authorship
Faceting of Events
Faceting of Geographic Names
Main Headings
Subdivisions
Faceting of Personal Names
Faceting of Corporate Names
Faceting of Chronologicals
Faceting of Topicals
Reference Records
Validation
Conclusion
Appendixes
Appendix A: FAST Authority Records Structure
Appendix B: Geologic Periods
Appendix C: Geographic Names
Appendix D: Musical Instruments
Glossary
Bibliography
Index
About the Authors
Part I: Introduction
1 Information Organization: Approaches and Principles
Introduction
Information Searching Environments
The Internet
Online Databases
Library Catalogs and Bibliographies
Subject Access to Information
Keyword Searching
Controlled Vocabulary Access
Keyword and Controlled Vocabulary Search Results
Classification
Principles of Controlled Vocabulary
Uniform and Unique Headings
Consistent and Current Terminology
Specific Entry
Terminological Control and Term Relationships
Representation of Complex Subjects
Characteristics of Indexing Languages
Subdivision Practice
Enumerative versus Synthetic Languages
Faceting
Precoordination versus Postcoordination
From Cards to Computers
Card Catalogs
Online Catalogs and Databases
Controlled Vocabulary Systems
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH)
Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
FAST (Faceted Application of Subject Terminology)
Selecting an Indexing/Classification Schema
Compatibility with Existing Metadata
Ease of Assignment
Retrieval Effectiveness
Cost of Maintenance
Conclusion
2 Metadata Encoding
Bibliographic Data
Print Representation
Book Catalogs
Card Catalogs
Digital Representation
The MARC Bibliographic Formats
MARC 21
MARC Record Structure
UNIMARC
XML (Extensible Markup Language)
MARCXML
MODS
Dublin Core
Authority Data
Print Representation
Digital Representation
MARC 21
Other MARC Authority Formats
SKOS
Conclusion
Part II: FAST Headings
3 Introduction to FAST
Impact of the Internet and the World Wide Web
The History of FAST
Sources of FAST Headings
Principles
Semantics
Common and Current Usage
Literary Warrant
Uniform Heading
Unique Heading
Syntax of Headings
Faceting
Enumeration versus Synthesis
Precoordination versus Postcoordination
Precoordination
Postcoordination
Heading Structure
Main Headings
Subdivisions
Qualifiers
Modular Approach
Conclusion
4 Topical Headings
Introduction
Functions of Topical Headings
Forms of Topical Headings
Single-Concept Headings
Single-Word Headings
Multiple-Word Headings
Adjectival Phrase Headings
Prepositional Phrase Headings
Multiple-Concept Headings
Compound Phrase Headings
Prepositional Phrase Headings
Headings with Subdivisions
Types of Topical Headings
Headings Representing Concepts and Objects
Form/Genre as Subjects
Fictitious, Legendary, and Mythological Characters
Named Animals
Imaginary Places and Organizations
Geologic Periods
Other Entities Bearing Proper Names
Inverted Headings
5 Geographic Headings
Introduction
Types of Geographic Headings
Jurisdictional Headings
Nonjurisdictional Headings
Changes of Name
Linear Name Changes
Mergers or Splits
Mergers
Splits
Language and Form of Geographic Headings
Language
Abbreviations
Grammatical Form
Qualifiers
Place Qualifiers
Type Qualifiers
Place and Type Qualifiers
Levels of Geographic Headings
First-Level Geographic Headings
Second-Level Geographic Headings
Third-Level Geographic Headings
City Sections and Neighborhoods
New York City Boroughs
London Boroughs
Areas Associated with Cities
Entities within Cities
Bridges and Tunnels
Special Cases
Extinct Cities and Ancient Kingdoms
Archaeological Sites
Bodies of Water
Islands
Interstates/Highways/Freeway Interchanges
Disputed Territories
Language-Based Territories
Parks, Reserves, and so Forth
Other Man-Made Structures Associated with Places Larger Than a City
Extraterrestrial Bodies
Latitude, Longitude, and Feature Type
6 Chronological Headings
Introduction
Forms of Chronological Headings
B.C./A.D.
Geologic Periods
Headings for Named Historical Periods
Chronological Headings Containing Dates Only
7 Headings for Events
Introduction
Forms of Event Headings
Language
Qualifiers
Types of Event Headings
Headings for Military Conflicts
Headings for Meetings
Headings for Sporting Events
Headings for Other Events
Chronological and Geographic Headings for Events
8 Proper Names as Subject Headings
Headings for Persons
Principles
Names of Individual Persons
Names of Families
Names of Dynasties, Royal Houses, and so Forth
Headings for Corporate Bodies
Principles
Forms of Headings for Corporate Bodies
Language
Qualifiers
Headings for Main Corporate Bodies
Governments
Nongovernment Bodies
Headings for Subordinate Bodies
Corporate Name Changes
Headings for Titles
Principles
Forms of Headings for Titles
Language
Qualifiers
Types of Headings for Titles
Anonymous Works
Works of Known Authorship
Works from Corporate Bodies, Conferences, Meetings, Etc.
9 Form and Genre Headings
Introduction
Principles
Forms of Form and Genre Headings
Main Heading
Subdivision
Examples of FAST Form and Genre Headings
General Form Headings
Audiovisual Materials
Art
Cartography
Law
Literature
Music
Religion
10 Cross-References
Introduction
Equivalence Relationship
Synonymous Terms
Variant Spellings
Abbreviations, Acronyms, Initials, and so Forth
Different Language Terms
Popular and Scientific Terms
Alternative Forms
Different Entry Elements
Narrow Terms Not Used as Headings
Ambiguous Relationships
Hierarchical Relationships
Genus/Species (or Class/Class Member) Relationship
Instance Relationship
Whole/Part Relationship
Compound and Complex Relationship
Associative Relationships
Cross-References for Proper Name Headings
Personal Names
Names of Individual Persons
Family Names
Names of Fictitious and Mythological Characters
Dynasties
Houses of Dukes, Counts, or Earls
Corporate Names
Geographic Names
Jurisdictional Names
Nonjurisdictional Names
Changes in Geographic Names
Headings for Other Named Entities
Headings for Events
Headings for Titles
Conclusion
Part III: Application of FAST
11 The FAST Database
Indexing Overview
Queries
Searching
Keywords in Headings
Advanced Searching
Phrase Searching
Keyword Searching
Geographic Indexes
Other Indexes
Index View
12 Application of FAST Headings
Introduction
Coding for FAST Headings in Bibliographic Records
MARC Records
Dublin Core Records
Exhaustivity in Cataloging or Indexing
Assigning FAST Headings
Identifying Concepts and Facets within the Topic
Selecting Form/Genre Headings
Selecting Subject Headings
Topical Headings
Works on a Single Topic
Works on Multiple Topics
Works on Complex Topics
Topics with Multiple Concepts
Geographic Headings
Chronological Headings
Name Headings
Title Headings
Topics with Multiple Facets
Subject Relations
FAST Application Examples
Example 1: People and Predators: from Conflict to Coexistence
Example 2: Daily Life in Colonial New England
Example 3: Style and the Nineteenth-century British Critic: Sincere Mannerisms
Example 4: Fife and Tayside
Example 5: Anne Frank: Reflections on Her Life and Legacy
Example 6: 2005 Hydrographic Survey of South San Francisco Bay, California [Web site]
Example 7: Shakespeare in the Victorian Periodicals
Example 8: Portrait of an Unknown Woman
Example 9: The Pretender
Example 10: First Emperor of China [DVD]
Example 11: Japan: Economic, Political and Social Issues
Example 12: Detours [Audio CD]
Part IV: Authority Control and Implementation
13 Derivation of FAST Headings
Background
Topical Headings
Enumeration of Assigned Headings
Validation
Recoding of Forms
Normalization
LCSH Authority File
Subdivisions
Geographic Headings
Event Headings
Event Headings Derived from Topical Headings
Event Headings Derived from Period Subdivisions
Event Headings Derived from LCSH Conferences and Meetings Names
Headings for Names of Persons and Families
Headings for Names of Corporate Bodies
Headings for Titles
Works of Anonymous Authorship
Works of Personal Authorship
Works of Corporate Bodies
Works from Conferences and Meetings
Chronological Headings
Form Headings
14 FAST Authority Records
Introduction
Authority Data
Authority Records
MARC Record Structure for Authorities
Creation of FAST Authority Records
Example 1. Vestischer Kuenstlerbund Recklinghausen
Example 2. David D. Smyers
Example 3. Battle of Agincourt
Example 4. Ferryboat Captains
Example 5. Columbus Dispatch
Example 6. McConnelsville
Example 7. Infants-Diseases-Patients
Additional Examples of FAST Authority Records
Topical Headings
Geographic Headings
Chronological Headings
Personal Name Headings
Corporate Headings
Event Headings
Title Headings
Form/Genre Headings
Normalization
Conflicts
Additional Validation
Obsolete Authority Records
15 Authority Control
Definition
Need for Authority Control
Validation
Correction
Stylistic
Tagging and Subfield Coding
Cross-References
Typographical Errors
Obsolete Headings
Conclusion
16 Faceting LCSH into FAST
Introduction
Identification and Recoding of Form Subdivisions
Algorithmic Faceting of LCSH to FAST
Faceting of Forms
Faceting of Titles
Titles of Anonymous Works
Titles for Works of Known Authorship
Faceting of Events
Faceting of Geographic Names
Main Headings
Subdivisions
Faceting of Personal Names
Faceting of Corporate Names
Faceting of Chronologicals
Faceting of Topicals
Reference Records
Validation
Conclusion
Appendixes
Appendix A: FAST Authority Records Structure
Appendix B: Geologic Periods
Appendix C: Geographic Names
Appendix D: Musical Instruments
Glossary
Bibliography
Index
About the Authors