Architectural Formulas Pocket Reference

CHAPTER 1: STRUCTURAL BASICS Dead Loads Live Load Reduction, Floors Live Load Reduction, Roofs Live Load Reduction, Snow Impact Loads, Equivalent Weight Impact Loads, Structural Design Inertial Loads Torque or Torsion Loads Wind Velocity vs. Pressure Wind Velocity vs. Glazing Thickness Wind Load Amplification Wind Height Adjustment Wind Facade Force Wind Seam Shear Wind Pier Rigidity Wind Uplift Force Wind Overturning Force Structural Systems Beam Vertical and Horizontal Shear Beam Bending Moment Maximum Beam Moment, Multiple Loads Beam Deflection Beam Camber Design Moment of Inertia Moment of Inertia of Built-Up Sections Beam Bearing Area, Allowable Load Columns Column Eccentric Loads P-Delta Effect Structural Bracing Structural Bracing Design, Braced Frames Structural Bracing Design, Rigid Frames Structural Bracing Design, Infilled Frames Horizontal Thrust of Oblique Load Vectors Tie Rod Design Flat Plate Design CHAPTER 2: WOOD Wood Moisture Content vs. Dimensions Vertical Shear Horizontal Shear Notched Column Design Bending Moment Design, Single Loads Bending Moment Design, Multiple Loads Depth Reduction Factor Deflection Design, Beams & Girders Deflection Design, Decking Bearing Area Lateral Support Lateral Bracing Design Single-Tapered Beam Design Double-Tapered Beam Design Two-Hinged Timber Arch Design Three-Hinged Arch Design Lightweight Wood i-Joist Design Gluelam Design Timber Dome Design Wood Hypar Design Wood Column Design Tapered Wood Column Design Spaced Wood Column Design Bracketed Column Design Pole Frame Structure Design Wood Bracing Design Wood Shear Wall Design Safe Spacing of Nails in Wood Framing Withdrawal strength of Nails in Framing Screw and Lag Bolt Design Screw Holding or Tensile Strength Corbel Design Sheet Metal Fastener Design Hinge Design Oblique Loads CHAPTER 3: STEEL Beam Shear Bending Moment Deflection Lateral Bracing Design Width-Thickness Ratios of Steel Members Lateral Bracing Design, Eccentric Loads Bearing Plate Design Beam Web Stiffener Design Column Web Stiffener Design Built-Up Beam Design Flange Stiffener Design Pratt or Warren Truss Design Truss Chord Design Metal Decking Design Composite Design Open-Web Steel Joist Design Steel Staircase Design Space Frame Design Light Metal Framing Design Light Metal Framing Fastener Design Steel Column Design Central Axis of Built-Up Steel Sections Column Pedestals, Small-Moment Design Column Pedestals, Bi-Axial Moment Loads Column Pedestals, Large-Moment Design Bracing Connections Bolt or Rivet Connections, Unit Strength Bolt or Unit Connection Design Bolt Plate Design, Block Shear Bolt Plate Design, Critical Net Section Bolted Splice Plate Design Bolted Framed Beam Connection Design Bolted Seated Beam Connection Design Bolted Stiffened Beam Connection Design Bolted One-Sided Beam Connection Design Brackets, Pedestal Bracket Design Brackets, True Bracket Design Hanger Design Bolted Column Splice Design Butt or Fillet Weld Design Welded Framed Beam Connection Design Welded Seated Beam Connection Design Welded Stiffened Beam Connection Design Welded Moment Beam Connection Design Welded One-Sided Beam Connection Design Square and Rectangular Knee Design Curved and Tapered Knee Design Welded Column Splice Design Highly Eccentric Plate Loads Bolted/Welded Moment Beam Connection Design Bolted/Welded End-Plate Beam Connection Design Pinned Connection Design Eyebar Design Steel Cable Design CHAPTER 4: CONCRETE Development Length of Tensile Reinforcement Beam Bending Moment Beam Shear Diagonal Tension Beam Deflection Bond Shear Location of Neutral Axis of Connection Beam T-Beam Design Steel Beams Encased in Concrete Design Ribbed Slab Design One-Way Slab Design Two-Way Slab Design Flat-Slab Floor Design Flat-Plate Floor Slab Design Waffle Slab Design Slab Punching Shear Reinforced Concrete Staircase Design Spandrels & Openings in Slabs Concrete Hypar Design Reinforced Concrete Columns Total Column Design Load Biaxial Bending Moment on Columns Round Column Design Rectangular Column Design Reinforced Concrete Walls Bearing Wall Design Basement or Multiloaded Wall Design Retaining Wall Design Bracing Design Reinforced Concrete Dowel Connection Design Rebar Hook Design Expansion Bolt Connection Design Anchor Bolt Connection Design Reinforced Concrete Shelf Design Soil-Bearing Capacity Under Footing Subsoil Stress Below Footing Lateral Bearing Load on Footing Footing on Stronger-over-Weaker Soil Reinforced Concrete Wall Footing Design Reinforced Concrete Column Footing Design Combined Footing Design Grilled Footing Design Foundations Under Heavy Machinery Reinforced Concrete Footing Piles Reinforced Concrete Footing Pile Cap Design CHAPTER 5: MASONRY Nonreinforced Masonry Pillar and Pier Design Nonreinforced Masonry Bearing Wall Design Nonreinforced Masonry Nonbearing Wall Design Arch Design Arches, Height of Masonry Above Crown Fireplace and Chimney Design Reinforced Masonry Pillar and Pier Design Reinforced Masonry Cavity Wall Design Concrete Block Wall Design Concrete Block Shear Wall Design CHAPTER 6: OTHER STRUCTURE Aluminum Fabric Structures Seismic Design Seismic Anchorage of Mechanical Systems Chapter 7: CLIMATE CONTROL Air Density vs. Pressure (in.Hg) Air Density vs. Pressure (psi) Solar Altitude Solar Azimuth Solar Trajectory or Sunpath Formulas Sun's Angle of Incidence on a Surface Overhang Design Hydrostatic Head Channel Flow (Hydraulic Radius) Formulas Gutter Design Vertical Gutter Leader Design Sloping Leader Design Foundation Drain Design Storm Drain Design Formulas Drywell Design Thermal Expansion Joint Design Heat Flow Cond.-Infiltration Design Heating Load Cond.-Infiltration Design Cooling Load Cond.-Infiltration Energy Audit Auxiliary Heat Gain Heat Loss or Gain Through Ducting or Piping Energy Payback Span of Insulation Pickup Heating Load Solar Heat Gain Thermal Mossing Design Total Solar Energy Savings Summary of Total Heating Loads Summary of Total Cooling Loads Climate Control System Design Parameters Heat Content Equations Thermal Energy Storage System Design Heat Recovery from Building Systems Electric Heating Unit Design Electric Baseboard Heating Unit Design Electric Heat Tracing Cable Design Electric Heating Cable for Radiant Slabs Radiant Floor Heating System Design Hydronic Snow-Melting System Design Radiant Ceiling Heating System Design Electric Heating/Cooling System Design Hot Water Heating System Design Steam Heating System Design Air Heating System Design Air Cooling System Design Static Air Pressure (s.a.p.) Loss Formulas for HVAC Ducting Air Heating/Cooling System Design Low-Velocity Air Ducting Systems Low-Velocity Systems, Preliminary Design Low-Velocity HVAC System Design Structural Weight of Ducting High-Velocity HVAC System Design Return Duct Design Air-Water Heating/Cooling System Design Heat Pump Design Water Cooling Systems Humidification System Design Dehumidification System Design Ventilation Ventilation Through Double-Hung Windows Ventilation Airflow Through Casement Window Ventilation Airflow Through Belvedere Ventilation Airflow Through Solar Chimney' Ventilation Design Formulas Ventilation Design, Supply Duct Size Ventilation Design, Exhaust Fan Size Ventilation Design, Exhaust Duct Size Required Ventilation Based on CO2 Concentration Ventilation Design, Indoor Parking Areas Air Filtration Air Filter Design Chapter 8: PLUMBING Waterflow Rate, Gal/min vs. Diameter Required Number of Plumbing Fixtures Plumbing Fixture Unit Requirements Initial Estimate of Building Water Demands Pressure of Base of Water Supply Pipe Contained Weight of Piping Equivalent Length of Piping Elbows Equivalent Length of Piping Gate Valves Supply Piping Design Pipe Length Change due to Temporary Change Pipe Chase Size due to Thermal Expansion Water Hammer Arrester Design Pump Design, Net Actual Head of System Pump Design, Required Horsepower Pressure Relief Valve Design, Cavitation Water Supply Delivery Rate of Drilled Well Small Water Supply Tanks Volume of Cylindrical Tank or Pipe Water Pressure Tank Design Large Water Supply Tanks Gravity Tank Design, Tank Capacity Gravity Tank Design, Pump Capacity Suction Tank Design, Tank Volume Suction Tank Design, Required Pump Capacity Suction Tank Design, Required Pump Power Suction or Surge Tank Design Surge Tank or Emergency Reserve Size Booster Pump Design, Required Power Water Softener Design Water Heater Design Solar Water Heating Design Irrigation System Design Swimming Pool Design Nonwater Plumbing System Design Pipe Liquid or Gas Flow, cfm vs. fps Gas Piping, Storage vs. Outlet Volume Gas Piping Design, Supply Pipe Diameter Compressed Air System Design Gas Piping Pressure, Acfm vs. Scfm Vacuum Air System Design Vacuum Air Pump & Compressor Design Pressure Change of Gas, Vertical Piping Fuel Gas Piping Design Waste Plumbing, Sanitary Drain Design Waste Floor Drain Design Food Waste Grease Separator Design Generic Grease Separator Design Sump Tank & Elector Design Plumbing Vent Design Septic Tank Design Leaching Field Design Water Reclamation System Design Fire Suppression Systems Fire Standpipe System Design Fire Standpipe Water Pressure vs. Head Fire Standpipe Diameter Fire Standpipe Weight Fire Standpipe Expansion Loop Size Fire Standpipe Reservoir Design Fire Sprinkler System Design Fire Sprinkler Floor Drain Design Chapter 9: ELECTRICAL Relation Between Amps, Volts, and Watts Initial Estimate of Building Electric Load Electric Convenience Circuit Design Electric Lighting Circuit Design Electric Motor Design, Required Horsepower & Circuitry Load Electric Motor Design, Energy Savings of Compared Units Electric Motor Design, Required Cooling Airflow Electric Fan Design, Required Horsepower & Circuitry Load Electric Conductor Cable Design Electric Conductor Junction Box Design Electric Busway Chase Design Electric Rigid Conduit Enclosure Design Electric Pull Box Design Electric Wireway Enclosure Design Electric Cable Tray Enclosure Design Electric Manhole Design Transformer Design, Optimal Capacity Transformer Design, Amps vs. Volts Transformer Design, Required Floor Area Onsite Electric Generator Design, Required Engine Airflow Onsite Electric Generator Design, Engine Fuel Tank Capacity Electric Generation from Natural Sources Wind Electric Power System Design Water Electric Power System Design Photovoltaic Electric System Design Electric Battery Storage Design Chapter 10: ILLUMINATION Basic Lighting Formula Near vs. Far Field Ray Concentration Luminaire Coefficient of Utilization Light Depreciation Room Coefficient of Utilization Surface or Task Reflectance Occupancy Factors Lighting Contrast Daylighting Comparative Cost of Light Sources Energy Cost of Light Sources Energy Efficiency of Light Sources Programmed Lighting Controls Design Design of Illuminated Vertical Surfaces Optimal Floor Area per Light Fixture Optimal Number of Fixtures in Ceiling Area Spacing Criteria Lighting Environments Lighting Environment Design, Canopies & Soffits Lighting Environment Design, Ceiling Systems Lighting Environment Design, Coffers Lighting Environment Design, Cornices Lighting Environment Design, Coves Lighting Environment Design, Fiber Optics Lighting Environment Design, Fixed Luminaires Lighting Environment Design, Floods & Spots Lighting Environment Design, Light Pipes Lighting Environment Design, Light Ribbons Lighting Environment Design, Plug-In Buses Lighting Environment Design, Portable Luminaires Lighting Environment Design, Sconces Lighting Environment Design, Valences Outdoor Lighting Systems Landmark Outdoor Lighting Design Landscape Outdoor Lighting Design Chapter 11: ACOUSTICS Property of Sound, Velocity Property of Sound, Frequency Property of Sound, Intensity Property of Sound, Adding Intensities Property of Sound, Relative Intensities Property of Sound, Diffuse Noise Loudness of Airborne Sound Intensity of Electrically Produced Sound Sound Amplification Design Sound Reverberation in Enclosed Spaces Sound Absorption in Enclosed Spaces Sound Transmission Class Acoustic Barrier Construction Design Impact Isolation Class Loudness Limits Masking of Unwanted Sound Sound Leakage Through Openings in Otherwise Solid Construction Isolation Efficiency of Resilient Mounts for Noise-Producing Machinery Outdoor Sound Design Chapter 12: DESIGN Catchments Market Potential Market Penetration Rate Access Roads, Roadway Design Access Roads, Length vs. Incline Parking Area Design Sidewalk Design Signage Design Excavation Cuts & Fills Slope and Ramp Design Length of Curved Ramp or Incline Staircase Design, Risers & Treads Staircase Design, Total Length Escalator Design Moving Walk and Ramp Design Elevators, General Design Traction Elevator Design Bucket Elevator Design Occupancy Loads Seating Capacity of Assembly Area Waste Handling Area Design Opening Areas in Buildings Plan Geometry APPENDIX A: USEFUL FORMULAS Expontial Relations Quadratic Equation Logarithms Angles All Triangles Any Triangle Right-Angle Triangles Equilateral Triangles Isosceles Triangles Four-Sided Figures (Quadrilaterals) Squares Rectangles Parallelograms Trapezoids Regular Polygons Circles Ellipses Rectangular Solids Pyramids Cylinders