Bone Marrow and Bone Tissue

The clinical significance of histopathology of marrow-containing bone.- a) From a viewpoint of practical diagnosis.- b) From a scientific viewpoint.- Technical requirements of histobiopsy of marrow-containing bone.- a) Biopsy (myelotomy).- b) Histologic preparation.- c) Microtomy.- d) Staining.- e) Microscopy.- Indications for histobiopsy (myelotomy) of marrow-containing bone.- General histomorphology and pathology.- a) Preliminary remarks to histogenesis, morphogenesis, topography and physiology.- b) Normal values.- Illustrations Preliminary remarks.- I. General histopathology of bone marrow and bone.- Cancellous bone of the iliac crest - Normal and abnormal structure.- Persisting individual structure.- Variations due to age.- Pathologic variations.- Structural elements of normal bone growth.- Epiphyseal growth.- Remodelling of bone by tunnelling.- Bone remodelling by apposition.- Enhanced osseous remodelling.- Periosteum and lamina corticalis.- Osteoclast and endothelial cells.- Blood vessels and muscle insertions on periosteum.- Muscle insertions and veins on periosteum.- Endosteum, sinus endothelium and reticulum.- Endosteum and sinus endothelium.- Endosteal cells.- Endosteum and osteoblasts.- Osteoblasts and osteocytes.- Osteocytes.- Osteoblasts and osteoid.- Osteoblasts and matrix formation.- Osteoclasts.- Osteoclast within trabeculae.- Granulopoiesis originating in endosteum.- Proerythroblasts at endosteum.- Tissue mast cells at endosteum.- Megakaryocytes at endosteum.- Vascularization of bone and marrow.- Periosteal arteries and veins.- Perforating artery.- Subcortical artery.- Subcortical arteriole.- Branching of artery-arteriole.- Small marrow artery, cut transversely.- Marrow artery, longitudinally.- Marrow artery, transverse, relaxed.- Marrow artery, transverse, contracted.- Branching marrow artery-arteriole.- Branching arteriole-arterial capillary.- Branching artery-arteriole.- Transition arteriole-capillary sinuses.- Branching small artery-arteriole.- Branching arterial capillaries.- Arterial capillary flowing into sinus.- Comparison of arterial and venous capillary length.- Arterial capillary with increased plasma cells at border.- Sinus with loss of endothelium.- Transverse sections of vessels, comparison.- Capillary sinus flowing into marrow sinus.- Capillary sinuses.- Small marrow sinus.- Medium-sized marrow sinus.- Terminal marrow sinus.- Vessels in lamina corticalis and on periosteum.- Transition of sinus in vein.- Pathological changes of blood vessels.- Oedema of arterial wall and sclerosis of adventitia.- Swelling of arterial wall.- Arteriosclerosis.- Arteriosclerosis and arteriolonecrosis.- Paraprotein deposits and necrosis of vessel wall.- Hyaline degeneration.- Amyloidosis.- Hyaline degeneration in periartetitis.- Chronic arteritis.- Arteritis.- Arteriolitis.- Necrotizing angiitis.- Necrosis of capillary and sinus wall.- Necrotizing capillaritis.- Sclerosis of sinus wall.- Fibrinoid within sinus.- Thrombosis.- Platelet adhesion on endothelium.- Intravascular platelet conglomeration.- Thrombus formation.- Recanalized arterial thrombosis.- Reticular parenchyma and interstices.- Sinus endothelium, reticulum and interstices, normal.- Connexion of sinus and endothelium.- Sinus endothelia.- Reticulum cells.- Reticulum cells and histiocytes.- Storage histiocytes.- Storage histiocytes and phagocytosis.- Monocytes.- Tissue mast cells.- Plasma cells,.- Plasmocytoma cells.- Lymphocytes.- Bone marrow lymphnode with germ centre.- Lymphnode with increased mast cells.- Focal lymphocytic infiltration in suspected lymphatic leukaemia.- Monocytoid cells in Boeck's disease.- Cells in lymphatic neoplasia.- Normal haemosiderin.- Pathological haemosiderin deposits.- Oedema.- Oedema with diffuse necrosis of marrow cells.- Fibrinoid necrosis of marrow cells.- Fibrinoid and fibrin within sinus lumina.- Interstitial amyloidosis.- Interstitial paramyloid in plasmocytoma.- Marrow necrosis in infarction.- Reactive fibrosclerosis in chronic myelitis.- Reactive fibrosclerosis in immunoreactive myelitis.- Reactive fibrosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis.- Reactive fibrosclerosis in tuberculosis.- Fibrosclerosis in polycythaemia vera.- Giant cells of bone marrow.- Megakaryocyte.- Megakaryocyte with inclusions.- Hodgkin cell.- Sternberg cell.- Langhans cell.- Osteoclast.- Atypical megakaryocytes.- Multinuclear megakaryoblast.- Megakaryocyte in mitosis.- Myeloid parenchyma.- Marrow and bony trabeculae, normal findings.- Elements of granulopoiesis.- Marrow parenchyma and capillaries, normal aspect.- Other elements of granulopoiesis.- Elements of erythropoiesis.- Elements of thrombopoiesis.- II. Special histopathology of bone marrow and bone.- Panmyelopathy: acute and subacute myelitis.- Allergic myelitis.- Allergic myelitis due to drugs.- Allergic myelitis in rheumatic fever.- Agranulocytosis due to drugs.- Differential diagnosis: maturation arrest - Pelger anomaly of nuclei.- Myelitis in miliary tuberculosis and staphylococcal sepsis.- Myelitis in florid tuberculosis of lungs.- Myelitis in syphilis.- Myelitis with fibrosclerosis.- Myelitis after radiotherapy.- Myelitis in rheumatic fever.- Panmyelopathy: subacute and chronic myelitis.- Chronic myelitis in rheumatic fever.- Subacute myelitis in rheumatic fever.- Chronic myelitis of obscure (?pathergic) pathogenesis.- Chronic myelitis with fibrosclerosis and marrow atrophy.- Chronic myelitis with marrow atrophy.- Panmyelopathy: hyperergic myelitis in rheumatoid arthritis..- Of long duration.- Of short duration and low activity.- Of short duration and marked activity.- Of short duration with progressive osteoporosis.- Panmyelopathy: hyperergic myelitis.- Disseminated lupus erythematosus.- Wegener's granulomatosis.- Still's disease.- Felty's syndrome.- Panmyelopathy: nephrogenic myelopathy.- In acute interstitial nephritis.- In subacute nephritis.- In hypersensitivity angiitis.- In chronic nephritis.- Panmyelopathy: hepatogenic myelopathy.- In acute hepatitis.- Marrow atrophy after hepatitis.- In cirrhosis of the liver.- Other panmyelopathies.- Hepatogenic myelopathy in pigment cirrhosis.- Tumour myelopathy.- Myelopathy in malignant tertian malaria.- Granulomatous myelitis.- Follicular lymphatic hyperplasia in rheumatoid arthritis.- Follicular lymphatic hyperplasia in splenic pancytopenia.- In Boeck's sarcoidosis.- Tuberculous granuloma.- Granuloma of unknown origin.- Gaucher's disease.- Pathological erythropoiesis.- Chronic iron deficiency.- Haemorrhagic anaemia.- Sideroachrestic anaemia.- Pernicious anaemia.- Lead poisoning.- Thalassaemia minor.- Microspherocytosis.- Chloramphenicol lesion.- Acquired haemolytic disease.- Pathological thrombopoiesis.- Erythrocytosis.- Werlhof's disease.- Allergic toxic thrombopenia.- Combined disorders of myelopoiesis.- Marrow arrest in Band's syndrome.- Marrow arrest in hypersplenism.- Differentiated myeloid haemoblastoses.- Thrombocythaemia.- Polycythaemia vera, early stage.- Polycythaemia vera, fully developed.- Polycythaemia vera, tendency to fibrosclerosis.- Polycythaemia vera with eosinophilic granuloma.- Acute myelofibrosis in polycythaemia.- Megakaryocytic myelosis (leukaemia) with myelofibrosis following polycythaemia.- Megakaryocytic granulocytic myelosis (leukaemia) following polycythaemia.- Differentiated erythroblastic myelosis (leukaemia) (Heilmeyer-Schöner).- Erythroleukaemic myelosis (leukaemia).- Differentiated granulocytic myelosis (granulocytic leukaemia), untreated.- Differentiated neutrophil granulocytic meylosis (neutrophil granulocytic leukaemia), untreated.- Differentiated granulocytic myelosis (leukaemia) during chemotherapy.- Eosinophil myelosis (leukaemia).- Eosinophil myelosis (leukaemia) with fibrosis.- Promyelocytic myelosis (leukaemia), early stage.- Promyelocytic metamyelocytic myelosis (leukaemia) with eosinophilia.- Promyelocytic myelosis (leukaemia).- Megakaryocytic myelosis (leukaemia).- Megakaryocytic myelosis (leukaemia) with commencing myelofibrosis.- Megakaryocytic promyelocytic myelosis (leukaemia) (? after polycythaemia).- Megakaryocytic eosinophil myelosis (leukaemia).- Immature megakaryocytic myelosis (leukaemia) with myelofibrosis.- Immature megakaryocytic promyelocytic myelosis (leukaemia).- Immature megakaryocytic promyelocytic myelosis (leukaemia) with commencing myelofibrosis.- "Megakaryoblastoma" in granulocytic myelosis (leukaemia).- "Osteoclastoma" in granulocytic myelosis (leukaemia).- The syndrome of myelofibrosis and ostemyelosclerosis.- Myelofibrosis, early stage.- Myelofibrosis, late stage.- Osteomyelosclerosis in childhood.- Osteomyelosclerosis, late stage.- Osteomyelosclerosis, fully developed.- Osteomyelosclerosis, dislodged thrombopoiesis.- Myelofibrosis and osteomyelosclerosis during therapy.- Osteomyelosclerosis before and after therapy.- Myelofibrosis before and after therapy.- Undifferentiated myeloid haemoblastoses.- Megakaryoblastic myelosis (leukaemia).- Undifferentiated erythroblastic myelosis (leukaemia) (Di Guglielmo).- Myeloblastosis (myeloblastic leukaemia) following granulocytic myelosis (leukaemia).- Myeloblastosis (myeloblastic leukaemia) before therapy.- Myeloblastosis (myeloblastic leukaemia) after therapy.- Paramyeloblastosis (paramyeloblastic leukaemia), early stage.- Paramyeloblastosis (paramyeloblastic leukaemia), after treatment.- Paramyeloblastosis (paramyeloblastic leukaemia) with subperiosteal infiltration.- Paramyeloblastosis (paramyeloblastic leukaemia) following granulocytic myelosis.- Large cell paramyeloblastosis (paramyeloblastic leukaemia).- Paramyeloblastosis (paramyeloblastic leukaemia) in childhood.- Monocytoblastosis (monocytoblastic leukaemia).- Atypical small cell haemoblastosis.- Atypical small cell haemoblastosis, remission.- Atypical small cell haemoblastosis, fully developed.- Atypical small cell haemoblastosis, relapse.- Atypical small cell haemoblastosis prior to therapy.- Atypical small cell haemoblastosis, developing into megakaryocytic myelosis (leukaemia).- Atypical polymorphic haemoblastosis.- Differentiated lymphatic haemoblastoses.- Differentiated lymphadenosis (lymphocytic leukaemia), focal type..- Differentiated lymphadenosis (lymphocytic leukaemia), diffuse type..- Differentiated lymphadenosis (lymphocytic leukaemia), medullary type.- Differentiated lymphadenosis (lymphocytic leukaemia) with periosteal infiltration.- Differentiated lymphadenosis (lymphocytic leukaemia) with increase of plasma cells.- Predominantly differentiated lymphadenosis (lymphocytic leukaemia) in childhood.- Lymphoreticulosis in childhood.- Lymphatic and lymphoreticular neoplasias.- Lymphoblastosis (lymphoblastic leukaemia), before therapy.- Lymphoblastosis (lymphoblastic leukaemia), remission.- Mast cell reticulosis.- Lymphosarcomatosis.- Lymphoreticulosis.- Lymphoreticulosis with occasional giant cells.- Waldenstrom's disease.- Plasmocytoma.- Differentiated plasmocytoma, diffuse spread.- Differentiated plasmocytoma, focal spread.- Polymorph plasmocytoma, changes due to therapy and giant cells..- Anaplastic plasmocytoma.- Large cell plasmocytoma.- Plasma cell leukaemia.- Hodgkin's disease.- Paragranuloma.- Hodgkin's granuloma.- Hodgkin's sarcoma.- Reticular neoplasia.- Reticulosarcomatosis.- Ewing's sarcoma.- Letterer-Siwe disease.- Hand-Schüller-Christian disease.- Osteopathies.- Osteoporosis and arteriosclerosis.- Osteomalacia.- Osteomalacia, stage of repair.- Osteomalacia, hypertrophic form.- Osteitis fibrosa generalisata, initial stage.- Osteitis fibrosa generalisata, fully developed, before therapy.- Osteitis fibrosa generalisata, after operation for parathyroid adenoma.- Osteitis fibrosa generalisata, severe changes.- Osteitis deformans (Paget).- Osteitis deformans (Paget), sclerosing type.- Osteitis deformans (Paget), rarefying type.- Osteitis deformans (Paget), senile type.- Osteosclerosis and erythrocytosis.- Marble bone disease.- Fibrous dysplasia of bone, fibrosarcomatous degeneration.- Thyrotoxicosis of adult skeleton.- Thyrotoxicosis of senile skeleton.- Hypothyroidism of senile skeleton.- Hypothyroidism of juvenile skeleton.- Hypoparathyroidism.- Primary hypogenitalism, suspected Klinefelter's syndrome.- Cushing's syndrome.- Secondary hypogonadism.- Osteogenesis imperfecta.- Chondrodysplasia.- Bony remodelling in margin of infarct.- Osteoma-like proliferation in plasmocytoma.- Cancellous bone remodelling in plasmocytoma.- Myxochondroma.- Tumour metastases.- Carcinoma of breast, diffuse small cell type.- Carcinoma of breast, solid growth.- Carcinoma of breast, trabecular growth.- Carcinoma of breast with endophytic osteoplasia.- Carcinoma of breast with osteoclasia.- Carcinoma of breast with trabecular stroma.- Carcinoma of breast with tumour-like bony reaction.- Small cell carcinoma, ?bronchial Ca.- Adenocarcinoma (?thyroid).- Hürthle cell carcinoma.- Carcinoma of stomach.- Mucous carcinoma.- Carcinoma of colon.- Hypernephroma.- Carcinoma of prostate.- Adenocarcinoma.