Pathophysiology
Published on 6. December 1979
Book
Hardback
978-0-387-90370-5 (ISBN)
Description
No doubt, there are many ways to practice "good" medicine, whatever this may be. Forty years ago the history, observation, and clinical examina- tion of a patient led to diagnosis and therapy. Since then, we have learned a great deal about the biochemical and physiologic processes in the human body and about the pathogenetic mechanisms by which they are disturbed and lead to disease. Today, the basis of clinical judgment and patient management is the understanding of pathogenetic mechanisms of disease. This concise and basic text of pathophysiology introduces the medical student to the basic pathophysiologic mechanisms. Each chapter begins with a short outline of the general physiologic and biochemical principles of an organ, a system, or a metabolic process; their possible derangements are described, with empha- sis on the more important and more frequently occurring diseases. Although the primary purpose is to convey a basic understanding of clinical medicine to first-year medical students, many students have used this book as a convenient reference up to and after graduation.
More details
Language
English
Place of publication
New York, NY
United States
Target group
Professional and scholarly
Illustrations
biography
Weight
850 gr
ISBN-13
978-0-387-90370-5 (9780387903705)
Copyright in bibliographic data and cover images is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or by the publishers or by their respective licensors: all rights reserved.
Schweitzer Classification
Persons
Content
1 The Lungs and Respiration.- Physiology.- Regulation of Breathing.- Pulmonary Volumes and Distensibility of Lungs and Thorax.- Resistance to Flow; Ventilatory Reserves.- Ventilation and Circulation.- Gas Exchange.- Alveolar Ventilation; Dead-Space Ventilation.- Alveolar Ventilation and Pulmonary Perfusion.- Pulmonary Gas Diffusion.- Gas Transport in Blood.- Pathophysiology.- Abnormal Atmospheric Conditions.- Hypoxia.- Hyperoxia.- Hyperbaric Conditions.- CO2 Enrichment of Inspiratory Air.- Acceleration.- Pathophysiologic Syndromes.- Periodic Breathing.- Restriction and Obstruction.- Hyperventilation.- Nonuniform Ventilation-Nonuniform Perfusion.- Alveolar Hypoventilation.- Impairment of Diffusion.- Dead-Space Hyperventilation.- Increased Venous Admixture (Right-to-Left Shunt).- Pulmonary Vascular Obstruction.- Increased Pulmonary Perfusion (Left-to-Right Shunt).- Reduction of Cardiac Output.- Pulmonary Congestion; Alveolar and Interstitial Pulmonary Edema.- 2 The Heart and Circulation.- Physiology.- The Heart.- Regulation of Myocardial Contraction.- Pressure Changes in Heart and Vessels; Cardiac Valves.- Blood Volume, Cardiac Output, Vascular Resistances, and Cardiac Work.- Myocardial Energy Metabolism.- Peripheral Circulation.- Coronary Circulation.- Peripheral Arteries and Veins.- Regulation of Circulation.- Circulation during Pregnancy.- Effects of Regular Vigorous Exercise ("Athletic Heart").- Pathophysiology.- The Heart.- Heart Failure; Disturbances in Myocardial Function.- Congestion in the Systemic and Pulmonary Circulation.- Shock.- Congenital Cardiovascular Anomalies.- Acquired Heart Diseases.- Disturbances of Cardiac Rhythm.- Peripheral Circulation.- Coronary Insufficiency.- Hypertension.- 3 Temperature Regulation and Heat Balance.- Physiology.- Pathophysiology.- Hyperthermia.- Hypothermia.- Burning and Freezing.- Fever.- 4 Blood.- Erythrocytes and Hemoglobin.- Physiology and Biochemistry.- Pathophysiology.- Anemias.- Polycythemia and Erythrocytosis.- Leukocytes.- Physiology.- Pathophysiology.- Leukocytosis and Leukopenia.- Eosinophilia.- Lymphocytosis.- Leukemia.- Plasmocytoma or Multiple Myeloma.- Macroglobulinemia (Waldenstrom's Disease).- Malignant Lymphomas.- The Immune System.- Physiology.- The Cellular Basis of Immunologic Processes.- Pathophysiology.- Immunologic Deficiencies.- Plasma Proteins.- Physiology and Biochemistry.- Pathophysiology.- Hypoproteinemia.- Dysproteinemia.- Paraproteinemia.- Selective Protein Deficiencies.- Porphyria.- Physiology and Biochemistry.- Pathophysiology.- Blood Coagulation and Hemostasis.- Normal Hemostasis.- Pathophysiology.- Abnormalities of Hemostasis.- Thrombosis.- 5 The Kidney.- Physiology.- Renal Blood Flow.- Glomerular Filtration.- Tubular Function.- The Concentration of Urine and Its Disorders.- Tests for Renal Function.- Acidification of the Urine.- Diuretics.- Pathophysiology.- Acute Renal Failure.- Renal Parenchymal Lesions.- Prerenal Disturbances.- Postrenal Causes.- Chronic Renal Insufficiency.- Kidney Function.- Uremia; Extrarenal Complications.- Tubular Syndromes.- Water Reabsorption.- Amino Acid Reabsorption.- Phosphate Reabsorption.- Glucose Reabsorption (Renal Glucosuria).- H+ Ion Excretion.- Nephrotic Syndrome.- Edema in Renal Disease.- The Kidneys and Hypertension.- Renovascular Hypertension.- Hypertension in Chronic Renal Insufficiency.- Hypertension in Acute Glomerulonephritis.- 6 Water and Electrolyte Balance.- Physiology.- Water Balance.- Electrolyte Balance.- Capillaries-Interstitium Fluid Transfer.- Regulation of Water and Electrolyte Balance.- Pathophysiology.- Overhydration and Dehydration.- Isotonic Overhydration: Excess of Extracellular Water and Sodium.- Isotonic Dehydration: Lack of Extracellular Water and Sodium.- Hypertonic Overhydration: Sodium Excess.- Hypertonic Dehydration: Water Deficiency.- Hypotonic Overhydration: Water Excess.- Hypotonic Dehydration: Sodium and Water Deficiency.- Disturbances of Electrolyte Balance.- Sodium, Potassium, and Chloride.- 7 Acid-Base Balance.- Physiology.- Disturbances of Acid-Base Balance.- Respiratory Acidosis and Alkalosis.- Metabolic Acidosis and Alkalosis.- 8 Bone, Calcium, and Phosphate Metabolism.- Physiology.- Disturbances of Bone Metabolism.- Osteoporosis.- Hypoparathyroidism.- Primary Hyperparathyroidism.- Secondary Hyperparathyroidism.- Osteomalacia.- 9 Endocrinology.- Physiology.- The Concept of Hormones.- Biosynthesis, Storage, and Secretion of Hormones.- Hormone Transport in Blood.- Mode of Action of Hormones.- Breakdown, Half-Life, and Excretion of Hormones.- Regulation of Hormone Secretion.- Pathophysiology of Endocrine Disorders.- Congenital Disorders of Hormone Biosynthesis and Secretion.- Storage and Secretion of Hormones.- Abnormalities of Hormone Transport.- Disturbances of Hormone Actions.- Disturbances in Breakdown and Excretion of Hormones.- Disturbances of the Control Mechanism.- Autonomous Hormone Production by Endocrine Gland Tumors.- Autonomous Ectopic Hormone Production.- Endocrine Hyperfunction Syndromes due to Endocrine Gland Destruction.- Endocrine Disorders and the Brain.- Special Pathophysiology of Endocrine Glands.- Hypofunction of Endocrine Glands.- Growth and Development.- Pituitary Dwarfism.- Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism.- Combined Lack of Various Anterior Pituitary Hormones.- Diabetes Insipidus.- Decreased Function of the Thyroid Gland.- Hypofunction of the Adrenal Cortex.- Hypofunction of the Adrenal Medulla.- Insufficiency of the Gonads.- Endocrine Hyperfunction Syndromes.- Gigantism and Acromegaly.- Hyperthyroidism.- Adrenal Cortex.- Adrenal Medulla.- 10 Metabolism.- Regulation of Glucose and Fat Metabolism.- Metabolism and Food Ingestion : Substrate Storage and Anabolic Processes.- Transition from Energy Storage to Mobilization.- Regulation of Insulin Secretion.- Pathophysiology.- Diabetes Mellitus.- Acute Metabolic Disorders in Diabetes.- Water and Electrolyte Disturbances in Acute Diabetic Metabolic Derangement.- Clinical Symptoms of Diabetic Precoma and Coma.- Diagnosis of Diabetic Coma.- Treatment of Diabetic Coma.- Etiology of Insulin Deficiency.- Definition of Diabetic Stages.- Late Complications.- Treatment.- Nondiabetic Melliturias.- Renal Glucosuria.- Other Melliturias.- Hypoglycemia.- Reactive Hypoglycemia with Hyperinsulinism.- Reactive Hypoglycemia without Hyperinsulinism.- Fasting Hypoglycemia with Hyperinsulinism.- Fasting Hypoglycemia without Hyperinsulinism.- Tumor Hypoglycemia.- Fat Metabolism and Its Disorders.- Physiology of Blood Lipids.- Essential Familial Hyperlipidemias.- Secondary Hyperlipidemias.- A-?-Lipoproteinemia.- Lipidoses of the Central Nervous System.- Disturbances of Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism.- Primary Gout.- Secondary Forms of Gout.- 11 Digestive Organs.- The Gastrointestinal Tract (M. Schmid).- The Esophagus.- Physiology.- Methods of Investigation.- Pathophysiology.- The Stomach.- Physiology.- Investigation of the Stomach.- Pathophysiology.- The Intestine.- Physiology.- Pathophysiology.- Tests for Absorption in and Function of the Small Intestine.- The Colon.- Physiology.- Pathophysiology.- The Liver.- General Physiology and Structure.- Bile and Bile Acids.- Physiology.- Pathophysiology.- Bilirubin Metabolism.- Physiology.- Pathophysiology.- Hepatic Blood Flow.- Physiology.- Pathophysiology.- Ascites.- Hepatic Insufficiency.- The Bile Ducts.- Physiology and Anatomy.- Pathophysiology.- The Exocrine Pancreas.- Physiology and Anatomy.- Pathophysiology.- 12 The Nervous System.- General Remarks.- Membrane Potential; Action Potential.- Signal Conduction.- Axonal Flow.- Signal Transmission.- Data Processing.- Motoneuron, Muscle Spindle, Muscular Contraction, and Stretch Reflex.- Pathophysiology.- Motor Disturbances.- General Motor Concept.- Neuromuscular Diseases.- Supranuclear Paresis.- Lesions of Basal Ganglia.- Lesions of the Cerebellum.- Motor Disturbances due to Afferent Nerve Lesions.- Sensory Disturbances.- Afferent Control.- Superficial and Proprioceptive Sensation.- Pain.- Disturbances of Special Sensory Systems.- Vision.- Vestibulo-Oculomotor System.- Hearing.- Epileptic Seizures.- Neuronal Mechanisms.- Causes of Epileptic Seizure.- Focal and Generalized Seizures.- Neuropsychology.- General Organization of the Cortex.- Asymmetry of Hemispheric Functions.- Speech and Higher Cortical Functions.- Memory and Its Disturbances.- Consciousness.- Sleep.- Disturbances due to Brain Diseases and Metabolic Disorders.- Trauma-Induced Disturbances of Consciousness.- Disturbances of Autonomic Innervation.- Sweat Secretion.- Neurogenic Bladder Disturbances.- Disturbances of Energy Metabolism, Cerebral Blood Flow, and Cerebrospinal Fluid.- Energy Metabolism.- Cerebral Blood Flow.- Cerebrospinal Fluid and Intracranial Pressure.- Literature.