Distance Sampling

This study concerns the use of distance sampling to estimate the density or abundance of biological populations. Line and point transect sampling are the primary distance methods. Here, lines or points are surveyed in the field and the observer records a distance to those objects of interest that are detected. The sample data are the set of distances of detected objects and any relevant covariates; however, many objects may remain undetected during the course of the survey. Distance sampling provides a way to obtain reliable estimates of density of objects under fairly mild assumptions. Distance sampling is an extension of plot sampling methods where it is assumed that all objects within sample plots are counted. The objective of this book is to provide a comprehensive treatment of distance sampling theory and application. It covers the theory and application of distance sampling with emphasis on line and point transects. Specialized applications are noted briefly, such as trapping webs and cue counts. General considerations are given to the design of distance sampling surveys.