The Cellular Basis of Morphogenesis

I. The Cytoskeleton in Morphogenesis.- 1 Cytoskeletal Dynamics in Animal Morphogenesis.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Organization of the Cytoskeleton.- 3. The Cytoskeleton of Adult Cells.- 4. Models of Function.- 5. Conclusions.- References.- 2 Microtubules and the Cellular Morphogenesis of Plants.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Patterns of Cell Growth and Division.- 3. Microtubules during Interphase.- 4. Microtubules in Dividing Cells.- 5. Cells into Tissues.- References.- 3 The Egg Cortex in Early Development of Sea Urchins and Starfish.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Surface Topography in Sea Urchin Embryogenesis.- 3. Topography of Maturing Starfish Oocytes.- 4. Submicrovillar Cortex in Situ.- 5. The Isolated Cortex.- 6. Cortical Contractility.- 7. The Cortex and the Integration of Embryogenesis.- References.- II. Cell-Cell Interactions in Development.- 4 The Cellular Basis of Epithelial Morphogenesis.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Maintenance and Development of Epithelial Continuity.- 3. Intercellular Communication.- 4. Epithelial Polarity.- 5. Reshaping the Epithelium.- 6. Summary.- References.- 5 Endogenous Lectins and Cell Adhesion in Embryonic Cells.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Strategies for the Detection of Lectin Activity.- 3. Animal Lectins: General Overview.- 4. Cellular Adhesion.- 5. What Do We Know about the Involvement of Lectins in Cell Adhesion?.- 6. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 6 Cell-Cell Interactions during Sea Urchin Morphogenesis.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Morphological Studies of Cell Reaggregation.- 3. The Internal Clock of Embryonic Development in Sea Urchins.- 4. The Extracellular Matrix in Development.- 5. The Biochemistry of Cell Adhesion.- 6. Junction Formation during Development.- 7. Conclusions.- References.- 7 The Cellular Basis of Amphibian Gastrulation.- 1. Introduction to Amphibian Gastrulation.- 2. Blastula Structure and Organization.- 3. Prospective Germ Layers and Major Morphogenetic Movements.- 4. Mechanism and Function of Epiboly in Gastrulation.- 5. Mechanism and Function of Convergent Extension.- 6. Migration of Involuted Mesodermal Cells.- 7. Bottle Cell Function in Gastrulation.- 8. Cell and Tissue Behavior as Related to Gastrulation.- 9. Analysis of Abnormal Gastrulation.- 10. The Diversity of Amphibian Gastrulation.- 11. Prospectus.- References.- 8 Cell-Cell Interactions in Mammalian Preimplantation Development.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Morphology of the Embryo Surface.- 3. Molecules at the Cell Surface.- 4. Synthesis and Expression of Surface Glycoproteins.- 5. Developmental Processes Mediated by Cell-Cell Interaction.- 6. Conclusions and Future Directions.- References.- 9 Molecular Basis for Teratocarcinoma Cell-Cell Adhesion.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Recent Progress in Studies on Cell Adhesion Molecules.- 3. Cell Adhesion Molecules of Teratocarcinoma.- 4. Molecular Mechanisms of Cell-Cell Adhesion by E-Cadherin.- 5. The Role of E-Cadherin in Early Embryonic Development.- 6. Concluding Remarks.- References.- III. Cell Migration.- 10 Migration of Sea Urchin Primary Mesenchyme Cells.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Origins of the Primary Mesenchyme.- 3. Migration of the Primary Mesenchyme.- 4. Patterning of the Primary Mesenchyme Cells.- 5. Conclusions and Summary.- References.- 11 Primordial Germ Cell Migration.- 1. Introduction-PGCs and Their Migratory Properties.- 2. The Migratory Route.- 3. Germ-Line Markers in the Study of PGC Migration.- 4. The Migratory Phenotype.- 5. Guidance of PGC Migration.- 6. Conclusions.- References.- 12 Mesoderm Migration in the Early Chick Embryo.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Gastrulation.- 3. Intermediate Mesoderm and Area Vasculosa.- 4. Somitogenesis.- 5. Sclerotome.- 6. Somitic Contribution to Limb Bud Mesenchyme.- 7. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 13 Morphogenesis of the Neural Crest.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Appearance of Crest Population and Initiation of Migration.- 3. Pathways of Migration.- 4. Crest Migratory Ability.- 5. Directionality of Migration.- 6. Cell Localization.- 7. Conclusions.- References.- IV. Cellular Dynamics in Morphogenesis.- 14 On the Formation of Somites.- 1. History.- 2. Somite Origin and Sequence of Formation.- 3. The Stages of Somite Formation.- 4. The Mechanism of Somite Formation.- 5. The Fate of the Somite.- 6. Projections.- References.- 15 Mechanisms of Axonal Guidance: The Problem of Intersecting Fiber Systems.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Historical Perspectives and Guidance Theories.- 3. Modern Synthetic Guidance Theories.- 4. Intersecting Fiber Systems.- 5. Corticoseptal Barricade and Intersection.- 6. Callosal Fiber Topography and the Subependymal Pathway.- 7. Conclusions.- References.- 16 Formation of the Vertebrate Neuromuscular Junction.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Development of the Morphological Characteristics of the Neuromuscular Junction.- 3. Development of the Functional Neuromuscular Junction.- 4. Summary.- References.