The Kidney

Section 1: Elements of Normal Renal Structure and Function. Anatomy of the Kidney, Development and Maturation of the Kidney, Biology of Renal Cells in Culture, Cell-Cell and Cell-Matrix Interactions, Metabolic Basis of Ion Transport, Molecular Biology of Solute Transport, The Renal Circulations, Glomerular Ultrafiltration, Renal Transport of Glucose, Amino Acids, Sodium, Chloride, and Water, Control of Renal Potassium Excretion, Renal Acidification Mechanisms, Renal Transport of Calcium, Magnesium, and Phosphate, Cell Biology of Vasopressin, Urine Concentration and Dilution, Urea and the Kidney, Renal Handling of Organic Anions and Cations and Renal Excretion of Uric Acid, Vasoactive Peptides and the Kidney, Reactive Nitrogen and Oxygen Intermediates and the Kidney, Arachidonate Acid Metabolites and the Kidney. Section 2: Disturbances in Control of Body Fluid and Composition. Control of Extracellular Fluid Volume and Pathophysiology of Edema Formation, Pathophysiology of Water Metabolism, Acid-Base Disorders, Disorders of Potassium Balance, Disturbances of Calcium Metabolism, Disturbances of Magnesium Metabolism, Hypophosphatemia and Hyperphosphatemia. Section 3: Pathogenesis of Renal Disease. Approach to the Patient with Renal Disease, Laboratory Assessment of Renal Disease: Clearance, Urinalysis, and Renal Biopsy, Radiologic Assessment of the Kidney, Acute Renal Failure, Primary Glomerular Diseases, Secondary Glomerular Diseases, Urinary Tract Infection, Pyelonephritis, and Reflux Nephropathy, Tubulointerstitial Diseases, Thrombo-occlusive Diseases of the Renal Arteries and Veins, Toxic Nephropathies, Microvascular Diseases of the Kidney, The Kidney and Hypertension in Pregnancy, Inherited Disorders of the Renal Tubule, Cystic Diseases of the Kidney, Diabetic Nephropathy, Nephrolithiasis, Urinary Tract Obstruction, Renal Neoplasia. Section 4: Pathophysiology of Renal Disease. Renal and Systemic Manifestations of Glomerular Disease, Nephron Adaptation to Renal Injury, Biology of the Vascular Wall in Hypertension, Essential Hypertension, Renovascular Hypertension and Ischemic Nephropathy, Hypertension in Renal Parenchymal Disease, Pathophysiology of Uremia, Hematologic Consequences of Renal Failure, Renal Osteodystrophies, Effect of Aging on Renal Function and Disease. Section 5: Management of the Patient with Renal Failure. Diuretics, Antihypertensive Drugs, Nutritional Therapy in Renal Disease, Specific Pharmacologic Approaches to Renoprotection, Hemodialysis, Peritoneal Dialysis, Immunobiology of Transplantation, Clinical Aspects of Renal Transplantation, Prescribing Drugs in Renal Disease.