The Philanthropy Reader

Section 1: What is Philanthropy?

Editors' Introduction to Section 1

1.1 Why Philanthropy Matters

? Robert Payton and Michael Moody, "Taking Philanthropy Seriously"

? Philanthropy New York, "Key Contributions to Society by Philanthropic Foundations"

? Nathan Chappell, Brian Crimmins, and Michael Ashley, "What Would Happen if Everyone Stopped Giving?"

1.2 Complex Definitions

? Marty Sulek, "On the Classical and Modern Meanings of Philanthropy"

? Peter Frumkin, "Instrumental and Expressive Philanthropy"

? Elizabeth Lynn and D. Susan Wisely, "Four Traditions of Philanthropy"

? Alexis de Tocqueville, "Self-Interest Rightly Understood"

1.3 Debates Over Definitions

? Siobhan Daly, "Philanthropy as an Essentially Contested Concept"

? Dwight F. Burlingame, "Philanthropy is Not the Same as Altruism"

? Shariq Siddiqui, Rafeel Wasif, and Afshan Paarlberg, "A More Inclusive Definition in Muslim Philanthropic Traditions"

1.4 Different Lenses for Studying and Explaining Philanthropy

? James Andreoni, "The Economic Explanation of Philanthropy"

? Theodore M. Lechterman, Emma Saunders-Hastings, and Rob Reich, "Politics of Giving"

? Robert Wuthnow, "A Cultural Explanation of Compassion"

? Rene Bekkers and Pamala Wiepking, "Eight Mechanisms That Drive Charitable Giving"

? Shawn A. Rhoads and Abigail A. Marsh, "Doing Good and Feeling Good: Relationships Between Altruism and Well-being"

? Samir Okasha, "Biological Altruism"

Section 2: Philanthropy Across Time and Place

Editors' Introduction to Section 2

2.1 Complex history



Hugh Cunningham, "The Contentious and contended history of Western philanthropy"
Kevin C. Robbins, "Philanthropy in historical perspective"
Rhodri Davies, "Philanthropy or charity?: Models of giving from Ancient Greece to Silicon Valley"

2.2 Contested history



Frank Prochaska, "Philanthropy as the history of organised kindness"
Olivier Zunz, "Philanthropy as a quintessential part of being American"
Thomas Adam, "Philanthropy was not invented in the USA"
Anne O'Brien, "Colonialism and the development of philanthropy"

2.3 Variety and similarities across time and space



Marco H. D. Van Leeuwen, "Giving by rich and poor during the Amsterdam Golden Age"
Gertrude Himmelfarb, "Lessons from the 19th century: from Victorian virtues to modern values"
Shauna Mottiar and Mvuselelo Ngcoya, "Philanthropy as sharing: Indigenous philanthropy challenging Western preconceptions"
Pushpa Sundar, "Philanthropy in the building of modern India"
Beth Breeze, "Philanthropy is always a product of its time"

2.4 Understanding philanthropy in a global context



Tim Brodhead, Philanthropy in the era of globalisation

? Pamala Wiepking and Femida Handy, "What promotes giving across the globe? Eight facilitating factors"

2.5 The Role of religion, race, gender, and geography

? Henrietta Groenlund & Anne Birgitta Pessi, "The influence of religion on philanthropy "

? Tamala Spicer, "Giving by donors of color in the US"



Joan Marie Johnson, "Coercive philanthropy: why wealthy women funded feminism"

? Young-joo Lee, Payton Goodman, and Yue Ming, "Why and how women give"

? John R. Bryson, Mark McGuinness, and Robert J. Ford, "The geography of philanthropy is not the same as the geography of need

Section 3: Being a Philanthropist - Callings and Critiques

Editors' Introduction to Section 3

3.1 Why Should People Give - Religious and Secular Calls



Pope Benedict XVI, "Charity as a Responsibility of the Church"
Dalai Lama, "The Ethic of Compassion"
Peter Singer, "The Life You Can Save"
Michael Ignatieff, "The Needs of Strangers"

3.2 Classic Gospels of Giving



Andrew Carnegie, "The Gospel of Wealth"
John D. Rockefeller, "The Difficult Art of Giving"
Tyrone McKinley Freeman, "Madam C. J. Walker's Gospel of Giving"

3.3. How Contemporary Donors Describe Their Journey



Paul G. Schervish, "Why the Wealthy Give"
Bill Gates, "Caring and Complexity"
David Velez and Mariel Reyes, "The Simple Logic of Using Wealth to Improve People's Lives"
James Chen, "Becoming a Moonshot Philanthropist"
Sara Ojjeh, "A Next Gen Donor Finds Her Voice"

3.4 Critiques of Elite Donors



Francie Ostrower,"Philanthropy, Prestige, and Status"
Emma Saunders-Hastings, "Philanthropic Paternalism"
Benjamin Soskis, "The Importance of Criticizing Philanthropy"

3.5 Debates about Relying on Philanthropists Versus Business or Government



Jim Lacey, "Business is Better than Endowed Foundations"
Karl Zinsmeister, "Fixing Problems via Philanthropy vs. Government"
Polly Toynbee, "Thank Goodness the Poor Don't Rely on Philanthropy"
Sarah Reckhow, "When Philanthropists Fill a Government Vacuum"

Section 4: Philanthropists and Beneficiaries - A Complex Relationship

Editor's Introduction to Section 4

4.1 Giving and receiving



Aristotle, "On benefactors and beneficiaries"
James S. Romm, "What Seneca said about giving and receiving"
Moses Maimonides, "Eight levels of tzedakah (giving)"
Emma Tieffenbach, "The gifting puzzle"

4.2 Philanthropy as gift or justice?



David H. Smith, "Gifts are closer to the self than the demands of justice"
Darren Walker, "From generosity to justice"

4.3 When philanthropic gifts go wrong



Michael Moody, "Seek to do good, but do no harm"
Jane Addams, "The subtle problems of charity"
Halima Mahomed and Bhekinkosi Moyo, "Power and philanthropy in Africa"

4.4 Being a giver, being a recipient



Susan A. Ostrander and Paul G. Schervish "Giving and getting"
Julie Salamon, "A human exchange of equals in New York"
Joanne B. Ciulla, "Can tainted money harm recipients?"

4.5 What is the right relationship between those who give and those who get?



MacKenzie Scott, "Seeding by ceding"
Marie-Stephane Maradeix, Arthur Gautier, and Anne-Claire Pache, "Trust Based Philanthropy"
Cynthia Gibson, Chris Cardona, Jasmine McGinnis Johnson, and David Suarez, "Participatory grantmaking"
Alan Fowler and Susan Wilkinson-Maposa, "Horizontal philanthropy in southern Africa"

Section 5: Philanthropic Practices and Institutions

Editors' Introduction to Section 5

5.1 The Practice of Asking, The Practice of Granting

? Henry A. Rosso, "A Philosophy of Fundraising"

? Booker T. Washington, "I Am Not a Beggar"

? Joel J. Orosz, "Humane Grantmaking"

5.2 Foundations - Roles and Critiques

? Joel L. Fleishman, "What Foundations Do"

? Helmut K. Anheier and Diana Leat, "The Creative Value of Foundations in a Democracy"

? Rob Reich, "Foundations as Oddities in a Democratic Society"

? Julius Rosenwald, "Against perpetual endowments"

5.3 New Models and Methods

? Lucy Bernholz, "Our Diverse Givingscape"

? Lester M. Salamon, "The Revolution on the Frontiers of Philanthropy"

? Mark R. Kramer, "Catalytic Philanthropy"

? Christina Daniken and Anna Pruitt, "Millennials and Gen Z Are Giving in Distinctive Ways"

? Adriana Loson-Ceballos and Michael Layton, "Collective Giving is Democratizing and Diversifying Philanthropy"

? Bertram Lang, "The Internet Philanthropy Boom in China"

? Ravit Dotan, "Responsible AI and Philanthropy"

5.4 Blurring Boundaries with Business

? Emily Barman, "Caring Capitalism"

? Thomas W. Dunfee, "The Legitimacy of Corporate Philanthropy"

? Emily Rosenman, "A Critical Perspective on Global Impact Investing"

? Dana Brakman Reiser and Steven A. Dean, "The Danger of For-Profit Philanthropy"

Section 6: Debates About Making Philanthropy Better

Editors' Introduction to Section 6

6.1 Debates on the role, purpose, and impact of philanthropy



David A. Campbell, Susan Appe and Matthew J. Rozansky, "Debates on the role of philanthropy in civic life"
Beth Breeze, "The need to defend philanthropy"
Edgar Villanueva, "Money as medicine: seven steps to healing"

6.2 On philanthropic decision making



Charles Bronfman and Jeffrey Solomon, "To Give is to Choose"
Paul M. Connolly, "Balancing the Head and Heart in Philanthropy"

6.3 The right relationship between capitalism and philanthropy



Matthew Bishop and Michael Green, "How philanthrocapitalists can solve big problems"
Michael Edwards, "Businesslike philanthropy is the Emperor's new clothes"
Amy Schiller, "Philanthropy offsets the ruthlessness of the market"

6.4 How do we know if philanthropy does any good?



Michael Hobbes, "The Problem with Big Ideas"
William MacAskill, "Effective altruism helps us work out how to do the most good"
William Schambra, "The Emerging Threat of Effective Altruism"

6.5 Thinking about doing good better



Eric Friedman, "Philanthropy is Broken - Here's How to Fix It"
Phil Buchanan, "An optimist's guide to doing giving right"
Thomas J. Tierney and Joel L. Fleishman, "From Aspirations to Impact"
Carmen Rojas, "Engaging with race, class, and gender to seed a more just future"

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Index