IPng
Internet Protocol Next Generation: Internet Protocol Next Generation
Published on 11. October 1995
Book
Paperback/Softback
352 pages
978-0-201-63395-5 (ISBN)
Description
The development of the next generation of the Internet Protocol, which will allow for the continued expansion of the Internet, is one of the most significant developments in the history of the communications industry. This book is written by members of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and others to explain the history and outcome of their efforts in developing the IPng technology. Delivered in a narrative style, the book offers an inside view of the rationale behind IPng and reveals its ramifications across a wide array of industries. You will find reviews of the IPng proposals and an overview of the technical criteria and the resulting current IPv6 protocol. In addition, industry and technical perspectives explore the impact of IPng on such areas as military applications, cable TV, large corporate networking, and more. Required reading for anyone in data communications, as well as corporate managers and technical professionals in nearly every field, this book will give you a broad perspective on the forces shaping the Internet and a fascinating glimpse into the coming era of communication technology.
More details
Content
Foreword.
Preface.
Contributors' Biographies.
I. THE NEED FOR IPNG.
II. DEFINING THE IPNG PROCESS.
The First Step.
Consensus, Charges, and Challenges (Phill Gross, MCI).
A New Direction.
The Process.
Issues Toward IPng Resolution.
The IPng Directorate.
III. HOW LONG DO WE HAVE?
IPv4 Address Lifetime Expectations (Frank Solensky, FTP Software, Inc.).
IV. THE ROLE OF IPNG IN COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY.
Internetworking in the Navy (R. Brian Adamson, Naval Research Laboratory).
Naval Research Efforts.
NATO Communication System Network Interoperability Project.
Naval Research Laboratory's Data/Voice Integration Advanced Technology Demonstration.
Navy Communication Support System Architecture Development.
IPng Requirements and RFC-1550.
Supporting ATM Services in IPng (Christina Brazdziunas, Evolving Systems, Inc.).
ATM Virtual Circuits.
Terminology.
Characteristics of ATM Service.
ATM User-Network Interface (UNI).
Parameters Required to Map IPng to ATM.
IPng in Large Corporate Networks (Edward Britton, John Tavs, IBM Corporation).
Robust Service.
Transition.
Secure Operation.
Heterogeneity.
Additional Requirements.
Summary.
Evolutionary Possibilities for the Internetwork Layer (J. Noel Chiappa).
Background and Context.
Basic Principles of Large-Scale System Design.
The Internetwork Layer Service Model.
State and Flow in the Internetwork Layer.
User and Service State.
Flows.
Practical Details of Flows.
Flows and State.
Ramifications of Flows.
Conclusion.
Market Viability as an IPng Criteria (John Curran, BBN Planet Corporation).
"Pushing" Internetworking Technology.
Can IPng Compete Against IPv4?
Summary.
IPng and Corporate Resistance to Change (Eric Fleischman, Boeing Computer Services).
The Internet and TCP/IP Protocols Are Not Identical.
Secure Operation.
Networking.
Address Depletion Doesn't Resonate with Users.
User's IPv4 "Itches" Need Scratching.
Motivations for Users to Deploy IPng.
User-based IPng Requirements.
Summary.
High Performance Networking in the Navy (Dan Green, Phil Irey, Dave Marlow, Karen O'Donoghue, Naval Surface Warfare Center - Dahlgren Division).
Services.
Assumptions.
Application Area.
Accommodation of Current Functionality.
Commercial Viability.
Transition Plan.
General Requirements.
Additional Considerations.
Summary.
Lessons From Other Transition Experiences (Denise Heagerty, CERN, European Laboratory for Particle Physics).
Timescales.
Transition and Deployment.
Configuration, Administration, and Operation.
IPng Transition in Science Internetworking (Davide Salomoni, Antonia Ghiselli, Cristina Vistoli, INFN).
Application and Transport Level.
Datagram Service.
Routing Protocols.
Layer 2 or Communication Infrastructure.
Media Support.
Transition and Deployment.
An Electric Power Industry View of IPng (Ron Skelton, Electric Power Research Institute).
Utility Industry Infrastructure Needs.
National Information Infrastructure (NII) Potential.
Strategic Technology Assessment.
Engineering Considerations-Mandatory Requirements.
Engineering Considerations-Basic Requirements.
Key Engineering Considerations.
Use of IPng in Combat Simulation (Susan Symington, David Wood, MITRE Corporation; J. Mark Pullen, George Mason University).
Introduction.
Overview of Distributed Interactive Simulation.
Specific Requirements.
A Cellular Industry View of IPng (Mark Taylor, McCaw Cellular Communications, Inc.).
Support for Mobility.
Scalability.
Route Selectivity.
Addressability.
Security.
Accountability.
Data Efficiency.
Transition Capability.
A Cable TV Industry View of IPng (Mario P. Vecchi, Time Warner Cable).
Cable Television Industry Overview.
Engineering Considerations.
Technology Pull.
Summary.
V. FEATURES, TECHNOLOGIES, AND ISSUES FOR IPNG.
The Advantages of Many Addresses per Host (Steven M. Bellovin, AT&T Bell Laboratories).
Encoding Services.
Accounting and Billing.
Addresses per User.
Low-grade Mobility.
Merging Subnets.
How Many Addresses Do We Need?
Security Implications for IPng (Steven M. Bellovin, AT&T Bell Laboratories).
Firewalls.
Encryption and Authentication.
Source Routing and Address-based Authentication.
Accounting.
Implementing IPng on a BSD Host (Jim Bound, Digital Equipment Corporation).
Network Software Architecture.
Interprocess Communications Facility.
Network Communications Subsystem.
Network Protocols.
Network Software Alterations.
Applications Embedding IPv4 Addresses.
Transport Interfaces and Network APIs.
Socket Layer and Structures.
Transport Layer.
Network Layer Components.
Link-dependent Layer.
Extended Capabilities with IPng.
Autoconfiguration and Autoregistration.
Network Management.
Transition Software.
Transition and Other Critical Issues for IPng (Brian E. Carpenter, CERN).
Transition and Deployment.
Interworking at Every Stage and Every Layer.
Harmful Header Translation.
Coexistence.
IPv4 to IPng Address Mapping.
Dual-Stack Hosts.
Domain Name Service (DNS).
Smart Dual-Stack Code.
Smart Management Tools.
Multicasts, High and Low.
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM).
Policy Routing and Accounting.
Security Considerations.
Nimrod IPng Technical Requirements (J. Noel Chiappa).
Overview of Nimrod.
The Nimrod Subsystems of the Internetwork Layer.
Specific Interaction Issues.
General Principles for Packet Formats.
Packet Format Fields.
Addition Methods.
The Future of Routing.
Routing Implications for IPng (Deborah Estrin, University of Southern California; Tony Li, Yakov Rekhter, Cisco Systems, Inc.).
Motivation.
Overview of the Unified Architecture.
Hierarchical Routing.
Summary.
Topological Flexibility and Support for Mobility.
IPng Mobility Considerations (William Allen Simpson, Daydreamer, Independent Consultant).
Terminology.
Unique Addressing.
Communication.
Bandwidth.
Processing.
VI. TECHNICAL CRITERIA FOR IPNNG.
Technical Criteria for Choosing IP The Next Generation (IPng) (Craig Partridge, BBN Systems and Technologies; Frank Kastenholz, FTP Software, Inc.).
Criteria Priority.
Vision.
Architectural Simplicity.
One Protocol to Bind Them All.
Live Long.
Live Long and Prosper.
Cooperative Anarchy.
Criteria.
Things We Chose Not to Require.
Routing.
VII. IETF IPNG PROPOSALS.
The Proposals.
Common Architecture for the Internet (CATNIP).
TCP/UDP over CLNP-Addressed Networks (TUBA).
Simple Internet Protocol Plus (SIPP).
Proposal Reviews.
CATNIP Reviews.
TUBA Reviews.
SIPP Reviews.
Summary of Proposal Reviews.
A Revised Proposal.
The Question of Address Size.
Address Length in Global Networks (J. Noel Chiappa).
Address Assignment Efficiency (Christian Huitema, INRIA).
Efficiency of Address Assignment.
Estimating Reasonable Values for the H Ratio.
The H Ratio for the Present Internet.
Evaluating Proposed Address Plans for IPng.
The IPng Recommendation.
Timing of the Recommendation.
Addressing Architecture Issues.
IPng Recommendation.
IPng Criteria Document and IPv6.
VIII. IPV6.
IPv6 Technical Overview (Robert Hinden, Ipsilon Networks; Steven E. Deering, Xerox Corporation).
Introduction.
Summary of Capabilities.
Overview of Features.
Header Format.
Extension Headers.
Addressing.
Unicast Addresses.
Multicast Addresses.
Routing.
Quality-of-Service Capabilities.
Security Address Autoconfiguration (Susan Thomson, Bellcore).
IPv6 Transition Mechanisms Overview (Robert E. Gilligan, Sun Microsystems, Inc.; Ross Callon, Bay Networks, Inc.).
Introduction to Transition.
Overview of Dual-IP Layer Networks.
Addressing in a Dual-IP Layer Network.
Updating the Domain Name System.
Application Issues.
Routing and Dual-IP Layer Networks.
Structuring Dual-IP Layer Networks.
Overview of Tunneling.
Automatic versus Configured Tunneling.
Applied Tunneling.
Default Configured Tunnel.
Tunneling and DNS.
Tunneling Implementation Issues.
Tunneling and Routing in Depth.
Router-to-Router Tunnels.
Host-to-Host Automatic Tunneling.
Host-to-Router Tunnels.
Reachability for Host-to-Router Tunnels.
Router-to-Host Automatic Tunneling.
IX. SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS.
Network Security and IPv6.
Security on the Internet.
IAB Security Workshop.
Security in IPv6.
Problems Resulting from Supporting Security.
Firewalls.
Other Security Issues.
Summary.
X. THE ONGOING PROCESS.
The Ongoing IETF Process.
Address Autoconfiguration.
Transition.
Other Address Families.
Impact on Other IETF Families.
Impact on Non IETF Standards and on Products.
Application Program Interfaces (APIs).
Afterword.
Appendices.
A: IPng Proposal Overviews.
B: RFC-1550 White Papers.
C: References.
D: Glossary of Terms.
Index. 0201633957T04062001
Preface.
Contributors' Biographies.
I. THE NEED FOR IPNG.
II. DEFINING THE IPNG PROCESS.
The First Step.
Consensus, Charges, and Challenges (Phill Gross, MCI).
A New Direction.
The Process.
Issues Toward IPng Resolution.
The IPng Directorate.
III. HOW LONG DO WE HAVE?
IPv4 Address Lifetime Expectations (Frank Solensky, FTP Software, Inc.).
IV. THE ROLE OF IPNG IN COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY.
Internetworking in the Navy (R. Brian Adamson, Naval Research Laboratory).
Naval Research Efforts.
NATO Communication System Network Interoperability Project.
Naval Research Laboratory's Data/Voice Integration Advanced Technology Demonstration.
Navy Communication Support System Architecture Development.
IPng Requirements and RFC-1550.
Supporting ATM Services in IPng (Christina Brazdziunas, Evolving Systems, Inc.).
ATM Virtual Circuits.
Terminology.
Characteristics of ATM Service.
ATM User-Network Interface (UNI).
Parameters Required to Map IPng to ATM.
IPng in Large Corporate Networks (Edward Britton, John Tavs, IBM Corporation).
Robust Service.
Transition.
Secure Operation.
Heterogeneity.
Additional Requirements.
Summary.
Evolutionary Possibilities for the Internetwork Layer (J. Noel Chiappa).
Background and Context.
Basic Principles of Large-Scale System Design.
The Internetwork Layer Service Model.
State and Flow in the Internetwork Layer.
User and Service State.
Flows.
Practical Details of Flows.
Flows and State.
Ramifications of Flows.
Conclusion.
Market Viability as an IPng Criteria (John Curran, BBN Planet Corporation).
"Pushing" Internetworking Technology.
Can IPng Compete Against IPv4?
Summary.
IPng and Corporate Resistance to Change (Eric Fleischman, Boeing Computer Services).
The Internet and TCP/IP Protocols Are Not Identical.
Secure Operation.
Networking.
Address Depletion Doesn't Resonate with Users.
User's IPv4 "Itches" Need Scratching.
Motivations for Users to Deploy IPng.
User-based IPng Requirements.
Summary.
High Performance Networking in the Navy (Dan Green, Phil Irey, Dave Marlow, Karen O'Donoghue, Naval Surface Warfare Center - Dahlgren Division).
Services.
Assumptions.
Application Area.
Accommodation of Current Functionality.
Commercial Viability.
Transition Plan.
General Requirements.
Additional Considerations.
Summary.
Lessons From Other Transition Experiences (Denise Heagerty, CERN, European Laboratory for Particle Physics).
Timescales.
Transition and Deployment.
Configuration, Administration, and Operation.
IPng Transition in Science Internetworking (Davide Salomoni, Antonia Ghiselli, Cristina Vistoli, INFN).
Application and Transport Level.
Datagram Service.
Routing Protocols.
Layer 2 or Communication Infrastructure.
Media Support.
Transition and Deployment.
An Electric Power Industry View of IPng (Ron Skelton, Electric Power Research Institute).
Utility Industry Infrastructure Needs.
National Information Infrastructure (NII) Potential.
Strategic Technology Assessment.
Engineering Considerations-Mandatory Requirements.
Engineering Considerations-Basic Requirements.
Key Engineering Considerations.
Use of IPng in Combat Simulation (Susan Symington, David Wood, MITRE Corporation; J. Mark Pullen, George Mason University).
Introduction.
Overview of Distributed Interactive Simulation.
Specific Requirements.
A Cellular Industry View of IPng (Mark Taylor, McCaw Cellular Communications, Inc.).
Support for Mobility.
Scalability.
Route Selectivity.
Addressability.
Security.
Accountability.
Data Efficiency.
Transition Capability.
A Cable TV Industry View of IPng (Mario P. Vecchi, Time Warner Cable).
Cable Television Industry Overview.
Engineering Considerations.
Technology Pull.
Summary.
V. FEATURES, TECHNOLOGIES, AND ISSUES FOR IPNG.
The Advantages of Many Addresses per Host (Steven M. Bellovin, AT&T Bell Laboratories).
Encoding Services.
Accounting and Billing.
Addresses per User.
Low-grade Mobility.
Merging Subnets.
How Many Addresses Do We Need?
Security Implications for IPng (Steven M. Bellovin, AT&T Bell Laboratories).
Firewalls.
Encryption and Authentication.
Source Routing and Address-based Authentication.
Accounting.
Implementing IPng on a BSD Host (Jim Bound, Digital Equipment Corporation).
Network Software Architecture.
Interprocess Communications Facility.
Network Communications Subsystem.
Network Protocols.
Network Software Alterations.
Applications Embedding IPv4 Addresses.
Transport Interfaces and Network APIs.
Socket Layer and Structures.
Transport Layer.
Network Layer Components.
Link-dependent Layer.
Extended Capabilities with IPng.
Autoconfiguration and Autoregistration.
Network Management.
Transition Software.
Transition and Other Critical Issues for IPng (Brian E. Carpenter, CERN).
Transition and Deployment.
Interworking at Every Stage and Every Layer.
Harmful Header Translation.
Coexistence.
IPv4 to IPng Address Mapping.
Dual-Stack Hosts.
Domain Name Service (DNS).
Smart Dual-Stack Code.
Smart Management Tools.
Multicasts, High and Low.
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM).
Policy Routing and Accounting.
Security Considerations.
Nimrod IPng Technical Requirements (J. Noel Chiappa).
Overview of Nimrod.
The Nimrod Subsystems of the Internetwork Layer.
Specific Interaction Issues.
General Principles for Packet Formats.
Packet Format Fields.
Addition Methods.
The Future of Routing.
Routing Implications for IPng (Deborah Estrin, University of Southern California; Tony Li, Yakov Rekhter, Cisco Systems, Inc.).
Motivation.
Overview of the Unified Architecture.
Hierarchical Routing.
Summary.
Topological Flexibility and Support for Mobility.
IPng Mobility Considerations (William Allen Simpson, Daydreamer, Independent Consultant).
Terminology.
Unique Addressing.
Communication.
Bandwidth.
Processing.
VI. TECHNICAL CRITERIA FOR IPNNG.
Technical Criteria for Choosing IP The Next Generation (IPng) (Craig Partridge, BBN Systems and Technologies; Frank Kastenholz, FTP Software, Inc.).
Criteria Priority.
Vision.
Architectural Simplicity.
One Protocol to Bind Them All.
Live Long.
Live Long and Prosper.
Cooperative Anarchy.
Criteria.
Things We Chose Not to Require.
Routing.
VII. IETF IPNG PROPOSALS.
The Proposals.
Common Architecture for the Internet (CATNIP).
TCP/UDP over CLNP-Addressed Networks (TUBA).
Simple Internet Protocol Plus (SIPP).
Proposal Reviews.
CATNIP Reviews.
TUBA Reviews.
SIPP Reviews.
Summary of Proposal Reviews.
A Revised Proposal.
The Question of Address Size.
Address Length in Global Networks (J. Noel Chiappa).
Address Assignment Efficiency (Christian Huitema, INRIA).
Efficiency of Address Assignment.
Estimating Reasonable Values for the H Ratio.
The H Ratio for the Present Internet.
Evaluating Proposed Address Plans for IPng.
The IPng Recommendation.
Timing of the Recommendation.
Addressing Architecture Issues.
IPng Recommendation.
IPng Criteria Document and IPv6.
VIII. IPV6.
IPv6 Technical Overview (Robert Hinden, Ipsilon Networks; Steven E. Deering, Xerox Corporation).
Introduction.
Summary of Capabilities.
Overview of Features.
Header Format.
Extension Headers.
Addressing.
Unicast Addresses.
Multicast Addresses.
Routing.
Quality-of-Service Capabilities.
Security Address Autoconfiguration (Susan Thomson, Bellcore).
IPv6 Transition Mechanisms Overview (Robert E. Gilligan, Sun Microsystems, Inc.; Ross Callon, Bay Networks, Inc.).
Introduction to Transition.
Overview of Dual-IP Layer Networks.
Addressing in a Dual-IP Layer Network.
Updating the Domain Name System.
Application Issues.
Routing and Dual-IP Layer Networks.
Structuring Dual-IP Layer Networks.
Overview of Tunneling.
Automatic versus Configured Tunneling.
Applied Tunneling.
Default Configured Tunnel.
Tunneling and DNS.
Tunneling Implementation Issues.
Tunneling and Routing in Depth.
Router-to-Router Tunnels.
Host-to-Host Automatic Tunneling.
Host-to-Router Tunnels.
Reachability for Host-to-Router Tunnels.
Router-to-Host Automatic Tunneling.
IX. SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS.
Network Security and IPv6.
Security on the Internet.
IAB Security Workshop.
Security in IPv6.
Problems Resulting from Supporting Security.
Firewalls.
Other Security Issues.
Summary.
X. THE ONGOING PROCESS.
The Ongoing IETF Process.
Address Autoconfiguration.
Transition.
Other Address Families.
Impact on Other IETF Families.
Impact on Non IETF Standards and on Products.
Application Program Interfaces (APIs).
Afterword.
Appendices.
A: IPng Proposal Overviews.
B: RFC-1550 White Papers.
C: References.
D: Glossary of Terms.
Index. 0201633957T04062001