Cell and Tissue Culture in Forestry

1. Introduction.- 2. Conifer Protoplasts.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Starting Material.- 3. Protoplast Isolation.- 4. Protoplast Culture.- 5. Conclusion.- 3. Protoplast Culture of Hardwoods.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Requirements of a Successful Protoplast System.- 3. Concluding Remarks.- 4. Biochemistry of Forest Tree Species in Culture.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Biochemistry.- 3. Conclusion.- 5. Somatic Embryogenesis in Woody Perennials.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Methods.- 3. Somatic Embryo Development.- 4. Plant Development.- 5. Physiology.- 6. Discussion.- 7. Conclusion.- 6. Ammohia: its Analogues, Metabolic Products and Site of Action in Somatic Embryogenesis.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Localization of Ammonia Assimilation.- 3. Ports of Entry for Reduced Nitrogen.- 4. Genetic Regulation.- 5. Effects of Ammonia.- 6. Other Pivotal Products.- 7. N Transfers and Release in Embryogenesis: Internal Sources of Ammonia.- 8. Need For Diagnostic Specificity.- 7. Embryo Culture.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Historical Background.- 3. Embryo Culture.- 4. Embryo Rescue.- 5. in Ovulo Embryo Culture.- 6. in Vitro Pollination and Fertilization.- 7. Concluding Remarks.- 8. in vitro Control of Morphogenesis in Conifers.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Regeneration of Plantlets from Tissues of Mature Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga Menziesii (Mirb.) Franco).- 3. Male and Female Cone Production in Sequoia Semperv1Rens Explants.- 4. Conclusions.- 9. Morphogenesis (Cytochemistry).- 1. Introduction.- 2. General Methods for Tissue Preparation for Cytochemical Staining.- 3. Cytochemical Staining Procedures.- 4. Enzyme Histochemistry.- 5. Applications of Histo- and Cytochemical Techniques in Tissue Culture.- 6. Conclusions.- 10. Root Formation.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Biological, Physical and Chemical Factors Affecting Rhizogenesis. their Putative Roles.- 3. Metabolic Changes Associated with Root Formation.- 4. Factors Influencing Root Formation in vitro.- 5. Concluding Remarks.- 11. Correlations Within the Tree.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Consequences of Tree Physiology.- 3. Juvenility and Topophysis.- 4. Mother Tree Pretreatments.- 5. Case Study: Douglas Fir.- 12. Haploids (Gymnosperms).- 1. Introduction.- 2. Sources Of Haploid Cells.- 3. Behavior of Gametophytestn vitro.- 4. Ploidy of Tissues and Organs Derived from Gametophytes.- 5. Conclusion.- 13. Induction of Androgenesis in Hardwood Trees.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Prospects of Improvement of Woody Plants by Using Haploids.- 3. Morphogenesis in Anther Culture.- 4. Androgenesis and Culture Medium.- 5. Variation of Chromosome Number.- 6. Methodology for Evaluation of Pollen Trees.- 14. Triploids.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Endosperm.- 3. In vitro Culture.- 4. Applications.- 15. Cold Storage of Tissue Cultures.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Methodology of Cold Storage.- 3. Factors Affecting Cold Storage.- 4. Ultrastructure of Cold-Stored Cells.- 5. Uses for Cold Storage.- 6. Conclusions.- 16. Cryopreservation of Woody Species.- 1. Introduction.- 2. General Procedure.- 3. Examples of Cryopreservation of Woody Plant Material.- 4. Potential Application of Cryopreservation in Tree Improvement.- 17. Nursery Handling of Propagules.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Commercial Nursery Needs Vs. Laboratory Practice.- 3. Seasonality of Growth and Production Cycles.- 4. Micropropagation Options.- 5. Factors Affecting Survival and Growth.- 18. Mycorrhizae.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Role of Mycorrhizae in Tree Growth and Development.- 3. Production and Application of Ectomycorrhizal Fungus Inoculum.- 4. Field Trials With Ectomycorrhizal Planting Stock.- 5. Production and Application of Endomycorrhizal Inoculum.- 6. Field Trials with Endomycorrhizal.- 7. Research Opportunities.- 8. Summary.- 19. Tissue Culture Application to Forest Pathology and Pest Control.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Host and Pathogen: Culture and Challenge.- 3. Somaclonal Variation.- 4. Virus and Mycoplasma Elimination.- 5. Genetic Vectors.- 6. Conclusion.- 20. Tumors.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Tumors of Fungal Origin.- 3. Tumors op Bacterial Origin.- 4. Viral Tumors.- 5. Genetic Tumors.- 6. Tumors Caused by Insects.- 7. Tumors of Unknown Origin.- 8. In vitro Culture.- 9. Conclusion.- 21. Cell Suspension Cultures for the Study of Plant Cell Senescence.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Terminology and Cotext.- 3. Senescence of Cultured Pear Fruit Cells.- 4. Discussion.- 5. Conclusions.- 22. Physiological States and Metabolic Phenotypes in Embryonic Development.- 1. Introduction.- 2. State Network Maps.- 3. Map Features.- 4. Process Control.- 5. Some Implications and Uses.- 6 Conclusions.- Tree species index.- General index.