Design, Operation and Economics of Large Wastewater Treatment Plants

The 8th Large Wastewater Treatment Plants conference was the first to mention economics explicitly in its title. This was to underline the fact that wastewater treatment issues cannot be addressed solely as scientific-technical problems, but are deeply embedded in a socio-economic context. This need for a holistic approach was stressed by many participants, to whom the idea of dealing with either technology or economics in isolation made no sense. Thirty-seven papers have been selected for these proceedings; they focus on the following areas: wastewater treatment in Hungary; large projects and case studies; planning, treatment processes and modelling for design; settling processes for activated sludge; operational experiences; industrial plants; sludge management; and costs and economics. These proceedings form an essential information source for anyone - manager, designer, engineer or scientist - involved in the design or operation of large wastewater treatment plants or the supply of equipment for them.