ISDN The Integrated Services Digital Network

1 The Function of Telecommunications.- 1.1 Types of Communication.- 1.2 Information Types and Signals.- 1.3 Systems for Interactive Communication.- 1.4 Development of the Communication Networks.- 1.4.1 Existing Communication Networks.- 1.4.2 Integration of Services.- 1.4.3 Flexibility and Network Intelligence.- 1.5 The ISDN Concept.- 1.6 The Integration of Services with Higher Bit Rates.- 1.7 The Importance of Standardization.- 2 Telecommunication Services.- 2.1 Definition of Services.- 2.2 Definition of Service Attributes and Supplementary Services.- 2.3 Services in the ISDN with Bit Rates up to 64 kbit/s.- 2.3.1 ISDN Services up to 64 kbit/s via B-Channels.- 2.3.1.1 Conversational Bearer Services.- 2.3.1.2 Conversational Teleservices.- 2.3.1.3 Messaging Services.- 2.3.1.4 Retrieval Services (Teleservices).- 2.3.1.5 Distribution Services.- 2.3.2 ISDN Services via the D-Channel.- 2.3.2.1 Conversational Bearer Services with Low Throughput.- 2.3.2.2 Conversational Teleservices.- 2.3.3 Supplementary Services.- 2.3.4 Existing Services from the Telephone Network in the ISDN.- 2.3.5 Services in Conjunction with Terminals from Dedicated Text and Data Networks.- 2.4 Service and Network Interworking Facilities.- 2.4.1 Intercommunication Within the ISDN.- 2.4.2 Intercommunication Using Network Interworking Facilities.- 2.5 Services with Higher Bit Rates.- 3 ISDN Structure.- 3.1 Network Organization.- 3.2 Initial Situation for the ISDN.- 3.2.1 Telephone Network.- 3.2.2 Text and Data Networks.- 3.3 Functions of the ISDN Network Components.- 3.3.1 Subscriber Lines in the ISDN.- 3.3.2 Local Exchanges in the ISDN.- 3.3.3 Signaling Between ISDN Exchanges.- 3.3.4 Operation and Maintenance in the ISDN.- 3.4 Network Dimensioning.- 3.4.1 Basic Considerations.- 3.4.2 Effects of Service Integration.- 3.4.2.1 Holding Time, Traffic Intensity, Busy Hour Call Attempts.- 3.4.2.2 Shared Use of the Network Equipment.- 3.4.3 Traffic Routing.- 3.5 Interworking with Other Public Networks.- 3.5.1 ISDN and the Analog Telephone Network.- 3.5.2 ISDN and Public Data Networks.- 3.6 Interworking with Private Networks.- 3.7 Numbering.- 3.8 Implementation Strategies.- 3.8.1 Overlay Network and Cell Approach.- 3.8.2 Pragmatic Implementation Strategy.- 3.8.3 Satellite Links in the ISDN.- 3.9 ISDN Implementation Schedules.- 4 Subscriber Access.- 4.1 Configuration of the User Station.- 4.1.1 Functional Groups of the User Station.- 4.1.2 Network Termination NT1.- 4.1.3 Network Termination NT2.- 4.1.4 Terminal Adaptor TA.- 4.1.5 Connecting Private Networks.- 4.2 User-Network Interfaces.- 4.2.1 Preliminary Remarks.- 4.2.1.1 Channel Types.- 4.2.1.2 Access Types and Interface Structures.- 4.2.1.3 Operation of Traffic Channels.- 4.2.2 User-Network Interface for the Basic Access.- 4.2.2.1 Reference Configurations.- 4.2.2.2 Electrical Characteristics for Information Transmission.- 4.2.2.3 D-Channel Access by Terminal Equipments.- 4.2.2.4 Frame Structure.- 4.2.2.5 Activation and Deactivation.- 4.2.2.6 Electrical Characteristics for Power Feeding.- 4.2.3 User-Network Interface for the Primary Rate Access.- 4.3 User Signaling.- 4.3.1 Protocol Architecture.- 4.3.2 Types of Connection.- 4.3.3 Special Features of ISDN Signaling.- 4.3.3.1 Functions of the Network Terminations NT1 and NT2.- 4.3.3.2 Call Establishment.- 4.3.3.3 Bus Configurations.- 4.3.3.4 Simultaneous Signaling Activities.- 4.3.4 Link Access Procedure on the D-Channel.- 4.3.4.1 Features of the Data Link Layer.- 4.3.4.2 Data Transfer Protocol.- 4.3.4.3 Assignment of Unique Terminal Endpoint Identifiers.- 4.3.5 Signaling for Circuit-Switched Connections.- 4.3.5.1 Simple Call Establishment.- 4.3.5.2 Simple Call Clearing.- 4.3.5.3 Refined Call Establishment and Clearing.- 4.3.5.4 Control of Supplementary Services.- 4.3.5.5 User-User Signaling.- 4.3.5.6 Stimulus Protocol.- 4.4 Connection of Terminals with Conventional Interfaces to the ISDN.- 4.4.1 ISDN Bearer Service and Public Data Network Access Solutions.- 4.4.2 Connection of X.21 Terminal Equipment with Single-Step Call Establishment.- 4.4.2.1 Mapping of the Call Establishment and Clearing Procedures Between the X.21 and S Interfaces.- 4.4.2.2 Adaption Between the X.1 User Rates of X.21 Terminal Equipment and the ISDN Information Transfer Rate of 64 kbit/s.- 4.4.2.3 Ready for Data Alignment in the 64 kbit/s Channel Between the Terminal Adaptors and Between the X.21 Terminal Equipments.- 4.4.3 Connection of Data Terminal Equipment with V.-Series Type Interfaces to the ISDN.- 4.4.3.1 Support of the Analog Tip/Ring Interface in the ISDN.- 4.4.3.2 Support of V.-Series Interfaces in the ISDN.- 4.4.4 Connection of Terminals with X.25 Interface to the ISDN.- 4.4.4.1 Basic Characteristics.- 4.4.4.2 Point-to-Multipoint Signaling for Incoming Virtual Calls.- 4.4.4.3 Access to Packet Switching via the B-Channel.- 4.4.4.4 Access to Packet Switching via the Signaling Channel (D-Channel).- 4.5 Packet Switching Techniques in ISDN.- 4.5.1 Frame Mode Bearer Services.- 4.5.2 Asynchronous Transfer Mode.- 4.5.3 Conclusion and Outlook.- 5 ISDN Terminals.- 5.1 Introductory Remarks.- 5.2 Basic Features of an ISDN Terminal.- 5.3 Single-Service Terminals Connected to the ISDN.- 5.3.1 ISDN Telephone.- 5.3.2 Terminals for Non-Voice Communication in the ISDN.- 5.4 Multi-Service Terminals.- 5.4.1 Multi-Service Terminals for Telephony and Telematic Services.- 5.4.2 Multi-Service Terminals for Telephony and Image Communication.- 6 Switching in the ISDN.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 New Demands Placed on Switching Due to Service Integration in the ISDN.- 6.2.1 Subscriber Access.- 6.2.2 Trunk Access.- 6.2.3 Switching Network.- 6.2.4 User-Network Signaling.- 6.2.5 Control.- 6.2.6 Interexchange Signaling.- 6.2.7 Operations, Administration and Maintenance.- 6.2.8 Timing and Network Synchronization.- 6.2.9 Interworking and Access to Special Equipment.- 6.3 Interexchange Signaling in the ISDN.- 6.3.1 Basic Characteristics of Interexchange Signaling Using CCITT Signaling System No. 7.- 6.3.2 The Message Transfer Part (MTP).- 6.3.3 Signaling Relations Between ISDN Exchanges.- 6.3.4 Protocol Architecture of ISDN Interexchange Signaling.- 6.3.5 Implementation of ISDN Interexchange Signaling in the Exchange.- 6.3.6 Intelligent Network.- 6.3.6.1 Flexible Service Control Architecture.- 6.3.6.2 Transaction Capabilities via CCITT Signaling System No. 7.- 6.4 Corporate ISDN Networks.- 6.4.1 Fundamental Solutions.- 6.4.2 Structure and Features of an ISDN PABX.- 6.4.3 Tie Line Traffic Between ISDN PABXs.- 7 Transmission Methods in the ISDN.- 7.1 Introductory Remarks.- 7.2 The Hierarchy of Digital Transmission Channels.- 7.2.1 Basic Building Block: 64 kbit/s.- 7.2.2 Primary Multiplex Signals.- 7.2.3 Digital Multiplex Hierarchies.- 7.3 Transmission Media.- 7.3.1 Conductors in Cables.- 7.3.2 Radio Relay.- 7.4 Equipment for Transmitting Digital Signals on Cable and Radio Links.- 7.4.1 General.- 7.4.2 Transmission on Cables in Trunk Circuits.- 7.4.3 Transmission on Subscriber Lines.- 7.4.4 Radio Relay Transmission.- 7.5 Multiplexed Signals and Multiplexing Equipment.- 7.5.1 Synchronous Multiplexed Signals.- 7.5.2 Digital Multiplexers.- 7.6 Network Synchronization.- 7.6.1 Necessity for Network Synchronization.- 7.6.2 Achieving Network Synchronization.- 7.6.3 Clock Supply Requirements.- 7.7 Disturbances and Transmission Performance.- 7.7.1 Effect of Bit Errors.- 7.7.2 Effect of Slips.- 7.7.3 Effect of Signal Delay.- 7.7.4 Effect of Jitter and Wander.- 7.7.5 Performance of 64 kbit/s Connection Types in the ISDN.- 8 ISDN - The User's View.- 8.1 ISDN in the Office.- 8.1.1 Telephone Communication.- 8.1.2 Non-Voice Communication.- 8.1.2.1 Significance of Service Integration.- 8.1.2.2 Transmission Speed.- 8.1.2.3 Message Structure.- 8.2 ISDN in the Home.- 8.3 ISDN in Mobile Communication.- Annex: CCITT Recommendations and Other Standards Relating to the ISDN.- References.