Advanced Technologies and Wireless Networks Beyond 4G

Acknowledgments xi Preface xiii Acronyms xxiii 1 Overview of Wireless Networks - from 2G to 4G 3 2 Terrestrial Wireless Networks based on Standard 2G and 3G Technologies 13 2.1 Bluetooth-WPAN Networks 13 2.2 WiFi-WLAN Networks 17 2.3 WiMAX Networks and 802.16 Technologies 23 2.4 LTE Current Technologies 31 3 Link Budget Design in Terrestrial Communication Networks 55 3.1 Total Path Loss and Link Budget - Physical Layer of any Network 56 3.2 The Terrain Propagating Models for Total Path Loss Prediction 62 3.2.1 Hata-Okumura Model 62 3.2.2 Bertoni Multi-Diffraction Model 65 3.2.3 3 Walfisch-Ikegami model (COST 231 Standard) based on analytical Bertoni Model 66 3.2.4 Stochastic Multi-Parametric Model 69 3.3 Validation of Most Suitable Models via the Recent Experiments 73 3.4 Link Budget Design in Land-Atmosphere and Atmosphere - Land Communication Networks 77 3.4.1 Content and Main Parameters of the Troposphere 78 3.4.2 Effects of Tropospheric Features on Signal Propagation 83 3.5 Link Budget Design 102 3.5.1 Path Loss in Free Space 102 3.5.2 Link Budget Design 103 4 Polarization Diversity Analysis for Networks beyond 4-G 113 4.1 Depolarization Phenomena in Terrain Channels 114 4.2 Model by Stocks Parameters 114 4.3 The Multi-parametric Stochastic Model Application for Polarization Parameters Prediction 119 4.4 Numerical Analysis of Probability Functions for Parameters of the Spatial Polarization Ellipse 124 4.4.1 Mixed residential areas 125 4.4.2 Sub-urban and urban areas 128 4.5 Analysis of Polarization Ellipse Energetic Parameters 130 4.6 Analysis of the Loss Characteristics 135 4.7 Path Loss Factor due to Depolarization Phenomena 138 4.8 Conclusions 141 5 Theoretical Framework for Positioning of Any Subscriber in Land-Land and Atmosphere-Land Multiuser Links 147 5.1 Signal Power Distribution in the Space, AOA, TOA and Frequency Domains for Prediction of Operative Parameters of Sectorial and Multi-beam Antennas 150 5.2 Localization of Any Subscriber in Land Built-Up Areas 162 5.3 Positioning of Any Subscriber in Multiuser Land-Atmosphere Communication Links 178 Bibliography 182 6 Femto/Pico/Micro/Macrocell Networks Deployments for 4'th and 5'th Generations 187 6.1 Channel Capacity Models in Integrated Femtocell - Microcell/-Macrocell Networks 191 6.2 Analysis of Femto/Pico/Micro/Macrocell Networks based on Propagation Phenomena 195 6.2.1 Propagation Aspects in Integrated Indoor and Outdoor Communication Links 196 6.2.2 Experimental Verification of the Total Path Loss in Femtocell-Picocell Areas 206 6.3 Different Integrated Femto/Pico/Micro/Macrocell Networks Deployments 209 6.3.1 Femtocells Integrated into Microcell Network Pattern 209 6.3.2 Femto/Pico/Microcell Configuration Deployment 213 Bibliography 224 7 Advanced Multicarrier Diversity in Networks beyond 4-G 229 7.1 Advanced Multicarrier Diversity Techniques 230 7.2 Advanced Frequency Multicarrier Diversity Techniques 233 7.3 Advanced OFDM and OFDMA Technologies 235 7.4 Advanced Time Multicarrier Diversity Techniques 247 Bibliography 251 8 MIMO Modern Networks Design in Space and Time Domains253 8.1 Main Principles of MIMO 253 8.2 Modeling of MIMO Channel Capacity 259 8.3 Fading Correlation in Space-Time Doman in Urban Environment with Dense Building Layout 262 8.4 Correlation Coefficient Analysis in Urban Scene 265 8.5 MIMO Channel Capacity Estimation 266 8.6 Analysis of MIMO Channel Capacity in Predefined Urban Scenario 267 9 MIMO Network based on Adaptive Multibeam Antennas Integrated with Modern LTE Releases 281 9.1 Problems in LTE Releases Deployment 281 9.2 Multibeam MIMO with Adaptive Antennas Against Fading Phenomena in LTE Networks 285 9.3 Analysis of the Multibeam Effect for a Specific Environment 287 Summary 292 10 Satellite Communication Networks 301 10.1 Overview of Satellite Types 301 10.2 Signal types in LSC Links 303 10.3 Overview of Experimentally Approbated Models 305 10.3.1 Lutz pure statistical model 307 10.3.2 Physical-statistical approach 310 10.4 Comparison between Saunders - Evans and the Stochastic Multiparametric Model 318 10.5 Land-Satellite Networks - Current and Advanced beyond 4G 322 10.5.1 Current land-satellite networks 323 10.5.2 Advanced satellite networks performance 328 10.5.3 Operational parameters prediction in advanced landsatellite networks 336 Summary 339 Index 346