Voice Over IP
2nd Edition
Published on 19. November 2001
Book
Hardback
352 pages
978-0-13-065204-1 (ISBN)
Description
*The #1 VoIP bestseller for technical professionals (now completely updated! *All-new chapters on gateways, call processing, and traffic engineering *IP and the PSTN: advanced interoperability solutions *TRIP: the breakthrough protocol for voice message delivery *Cisco Voice QoS: traffic prioritization, congestion control, signaling, policies, and more The authoritative guide to Internet voice communications (now completely updated! Voice Over IP, Second Edition is the essential guide for telecommunications professionals who must understand or deploy VoIP. Leading network consultant Uyless Black carefully evaluates VoIP's challenges and compelling advantages, and then reviews every technical standard and platform. This thoroughly updated Second Edition reflects dramatic improvements in VoIP standards and practice, adding completely new chapters on gateways, RSVP and DiffServ call processing, and traffic engineering.
*Reviews key technical obstacles to successful VoIP deployment, including packet loss and variable delay *Covers emerging approaches to interoperability between IP networks and the public switched telephone network *Introduces Telephony Routing Over IP (TRIP), the breakthrough protocol for voice message delivery *Covers Cisco Voice QoS network optimization in detail: traffic prioritization, congestion control, signaling, QoS management, and policy control *Shows how to establish paths to service providers through the local loop via ISDN, xDSL, and HFC *Contains concise, to-the-point introductions to H.322, Megaco, MGCP, and SIP Voice Over IP, Second Edition is everything you need to know about running voice over IP networks today(from technical fundamentals to next-generation protocols and beyond.
*Reviews key technical obstacles to successful VoIP deployment, including packet loss and variable delay *Covers emerging approaches to interoperability between IP networks and the public switched telephone network *Introduces Telephony Routing Over IP (TRIP), the breakthrough protocol for voice message delivery *Covers Cisco Voice QoS network optimization in detail: traffic prioritization, congestion control, signaling, QoS management, and policy control *Shows how to establish paths to service providers through the local loop via ISDN, xDSL, and HFC *Contains concise, to-the-point introductions to H.322, Megaco, MGCP, and SIP Voice Over IP, Second Edition is everything you need to know about running voice over IP networks today(from technical fundamentals to next-generation protocols and beyond.
More details
Edition
2nd edition
Language
English
Place of publication
Upper Saddle River
United States
Publishing group
Pearson Education (US)
Target group
College/higher education
Dimensions
Height: 185 mm
Width: 242 mm
Thickness: 28 mm
Weight
544 gr
ISBN-13
978-0-13-065204-1 (9780130652041)
Copyright in bibliographic data and cover images is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or by the publishers or by their respective licensors: all rights reserved.
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Person
UYLESS BLACK is a widely known and respected consultant and lecturer on computer networks and data communications and author of every book in the Prentice Hall Series in Advanced Communications Technologies, including IP Routing Protocols and MPLS and Label Switching Networks. He is also creator of Uyless Black's Networking 101 Video Course. Black resides in Virginia's Shenandoah Valley.
Content
Contents.
Preface.
1. Introduction.
Internet Telephony and Packetized Voice. Why Internet Telephony? The Business Case. Universal Presence of IP. Maturation of Technologies. The Shift to Data Networks. Why Use IP for Telephony Traffic? Barriers to Successful Deployment of IP Telephony. Reliability of the Telephone Network. VoIP in the Internet and in Private Internets. The Question: Not If, But How? Configuration Options. Problems with the Configurations. Using a LAN Connection into the Telephone Network. Private VoIP Networks: The VPN. Private Internet and Public Internet Configurations. The Next Step. E-com and IP-Based Call Centers. Configuration and Topology Choices. Basic Terms and Concepts. Attributes of the Internet. Internet Attributes with Respect to Voice Traffic. The Internet Layered Architecture. Evaluating the Factors in Packetized Voice. Accommodating the Voice and Data Requirements in a Network. Tolerance for Errors. Tolerance for Delay. Tolerance for Variable Bit Rates and Constant Bit Rates. Examples of Voice, Video, and Data Applications Requirements. Making the Internet Look Like the Telephone Network. Summary.
2. Characteristics of the Internet and IP.
Architecture of the Internet. ISPs and the Telephone Network. Attributes of the Internet. Round-Trip Time (RTT). Packet Lossaeae38 Order of Arrival of Packets. Hop Distance. Need for Fixed Routing? Size of Packets and Kinds of Traffic IP Supports. Overview of IP. The IP Datagram. Transmission Control Protocol and User Datagram Protocol. The Port Conceptaeae51 TCP Traffic Management Operations. UDP. Summary.
3. The VoIP Model.
The VoIP Protocol Suite. Voice Over IP, Voice Over UDP, or Voice Over RTP? Voice Directly Over IP. Voice Directly Over UDP. Voice Directly Over RTP. Not Voice Over TCP. The Call Processing (Signaling) Protocols. Other Support for VoIP. Data in a VoIP Session. How the Web Fits In. Grouping the VoIP Protocols into Planes. Summary.
4. Digital Signal Processors (DSPs).
Role of DSPs in Packet-Voice Operations. DSP Voice Packet Moduleaeae63 DSP Cores. DSP vs. Customized Hardware. Fixed- and Floating-Point Processorsaeae65 Memory Architectures. Software Differences. Fast Fourier Transform Operations. Signal Filters and the Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filter. Predictability of Performance. Another Example of DSP Code. Summary.
5. Voice Coders.
Functions of the Voice Coder. Classification of Speech Coders. Vector Quantization and Code-Excited Linear Prediction. Linear Prediction Analysis-by-Synthesis Coders. Forward-Adaptive LPAS Coders. Backward-Adaptive LPAS Coding [16-kbit/s G.728 Low-Delay Code Book Excitation Linear Prediction (LD-CELP)]. Parameter Speech Coders: 2.4-kbit/s Mixed-Excitation LPC (MELP). G.723.1 Scalable Coding for Wireless Applications. Evaluating Coders. Comparison of Speech Coders. Conservation of Bandwidth with Voice Activity Detectionaeae83 Bandwidth Consumption of the Codec and Supporting Protocols. Summary.
6. Modems, LAPM, PPP, and the V.100 Series.
Another Look at the Layered Architecture for VoIP. Prevalent Modems. Role of DSPs in Modem Operations. Typical Link Layout. The V.24 Interfac Standard. The EIA-232 Interface. Typical Modem Layout. Role of the Point-to-Point Protocol. The Protocol Data Unit on the Link Between the User and the ISP. V Series Modems. The V.34 Operations. The 56-kbit/s V.90 Modem. V.100, V.110, and V.120 Recommendations for ISDN Interfaces, The V.100 Recommendationaeae103 The V.110 Recommendation. RA Frame. V.110 Handshaking. The V.120 Recommendation. Summary.
7. Connecting to Service Providers Through the Local Loop.
Path Between an Internet User and the Internet. The Bandwidth Problem at the Local Loop. Termination of the Modem Analog Signal. Alternatives to the Modem-based Local Loop Access. The Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN). ISDN Bearer Services. Role of Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Technologies. The Evolving ADSL Technology. The Hybrid Fiber Coax (HFC) Approach. A High-Speed Proprietary Solution. Bypassing the Circuit-Switched Technology to Reach the Internet. Summary.
8. Performance Considerations and Traffic Engineering.
Traffic Engineering Defined. Packet Size, Queue Size, Loss, and Latency. Interarrival Jitter. Goals of Traffic Engineering. The Committed Access Rate. CAR Data Rates. Setting Up CAR Subrate Services. Access Lists. Supporting Traffic Engineering with Queuing. Examples of Queuing Methods. Weighted Fair Queuing. Comparison of Use and Nonuse of WFQ. Custom Queuing. Priority Queuing. Congestion-Avoidance Procedures. Tail Drop, RED, and WRED. Policy-Based Routing. Constrained Routing with MPLS and OSPF. Explicit Routing. LDP and Constraint-Based Routing. Preemption. Example of Constrained Routing to Support VoIP. A Guaranteed Rate for Voice Traffic. Performance of VoIP in the Internet. Summary.
9. RSVP, DiffServ, and Other Supporting Procedures in VoIP Networks.
Reserving Resources for Voice Traffic. QOS Models: IntServ and DiffServ. RSVP. RSVP Operation Entities. Sessions. The Key RSVP Messages. Admission Control and Policy Control. The Flow Descriptor. The Reservation Style. RSVP Set Up in the Router. RSVP Scaling. IP RTP Reserve. DiffServ. The Codepoint and Per-Hop Behavior. The DS Domain. Metering, Marking, Shaping, and Policing Operations. Traffic Classification and Conditioning. Relationships of the DS Functions. DiffServ in the Router. The Real-Time Protocol (RTP). Clocking Protocols with Network Time Protocol (NTP). Role of Multicasting. Basic Concepts. Multicast Trees. Key Protocols. The Session Description Protocol (SDP).Summary.
10. VoIP Gateways and IP Call Processing Protocols.
Tasks of the VoIP Gateway. The Gateway/Gatekeeper Model. IP Call Processing Protocols. H.323 General Description. Architecture of H.323. Major Operations of H.323. Megaco General Description. Architecture of Megaco. Major Operations. MGCP General Description. Architecture of MGCP. Major Operations. SIP General Description. Architecture of SIP. Major Operations. Summary.
11. Internetworking SS7 and Internet Call Processing Reasons to Combine IP and SS7.
Possible Configurations. Vital Telephony Databases at the Service Control Point. The SS7-IP Architectural Framework. The IP/SS7 Internetworking Model (RFC 2719). Implementations of the IP/SS7 Functions. Interworking H.323 and SS7. SIP Internetworking Specifications. SIP QOS Model. SIP QOS Elements. SIP Extensions for SS7 Internetworking. SIP Codes. Typical Call Setupaeae233 Call Failure and Playing an Error Tone/Announcement. Termination at the Other End. SIP Redirection. Caller or Callee Hangs Up. Into the Future with TRIP. The Problem. The Proposed Solution. Future of TRIP. Summary.
12. Other Packet Voice Alternatives.
Use of Other Alternatives.Functions of Voice over Frame Relay. PVC Fragmentation. Fragmentation Operations. Service Multiplexing. Component of the VoFR Specification. Subchannels and the DLCIs. Operations of Voice over Frame Relay. Servicing the Dialed Digits. Fax Transmission. VoFR Encapsulation. Voice over ATM with AAL 1. Voice over ATM with AAL 2. VoFR and VoATM: Partners with or Competitors to VoIP? What Resides in the User Workstation? Here Comes MPLS. For the Future?
Appendix A. Telephony Signaling.
Appendix B. ISDN and SS7.
Appendix C. Tutorial on the V.34 and V.90 Modems.
Acronyms.
References.
Index.
Preface.
1. Introduction.
Internet Telephony and Packetized Voice. Why Internet Telephony? The Business Case. Universal Presence of IP. Maturation of Technologies. The Shift to Data Networks. Why Use IP for Telephony Traffic? Barriers to Successful Deployment of IP Telephony. Reliability of the Telephone Network. VoIP in the Internet and in Private Internets. The Question: Not If, But How? Configuration Options. Problems with the Configurations. Using a LAN Connection into the Telephone Network. Private VoIP Networks: The VPN. Private Internet and Public Internet Configurations. The Next Step. E-com and IP-Based Call Centers. Configuration and Topology Choices. Basic Terms and Concepts. Attributes of the Internet. Internet Attributes with Respect to Voice Traffic. The Internet Layered Architecture. Evaluating the Factors in Packetized Voice. Accommodating the Voice and Data Requirements in a Network. Tolerance for Errors. Tolerance for Delay. Tolerance for Variable Bit Rates and Constant Bit Rates. Examples of Voice, Video, and Data Applications Requirements. Making the Internet Look Like the Telephone Network. Summary.
2. Characteristics of the Internet and IP.
Architecture of the Internet. ISPs and the Telephone Network. Attributes of the Internet. Round-Trip Time (RTT). Packet Lossaeae38 Order of Arrival of Packets. Hop Distance. Need for Fixed Routing? Size of Packets and Kinds of Traffic IP Supports. Overview of IP. The IP Datagram. Transmission Control Protocol and User Datagram Protocol. The Port Conceptaeae51 TCP Traffic Management Operations. UDP. Summary.
3. The VoIP Model.
The VoIP Protocol Suite. Voice Over IP, Voice Over UDP, or Voice Over RTP? Voice Directly Over IP. Voice Directly Over UDP. Voice Directly Over RTP. Not Voice Over TCP. The Call Processing (Signaling) Protocols. Other Support for VoIP. Data in a VoIP Session. How the Web Fits In. Grouping the VoIP Protocols into Planes. Summary.
4. Digital Signal Processors (DSPs).
Role of DSPs in Packet-Voice Operations. DSP Voice Packet Moduleaeae63 DSP Cores. DSP vs. Customized Hardware. Fixed- and Floating-Point Processorsaeae65 Memory Architectures. Software Differences. Fast Fourier Transform Operations. Signal Filters and the Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filter. Predictability of Performance. Another Example of DSP Code. Summary.
5. Voice Coders.
Functions of the Voice Coder. Classification of Speech Coders. Vector Quantization and Code-Excited Linear Prediction. Linear Prediction Analysis-by-Synthesis Coders. Forward-Adaptive LPAS Coders. Backward-Adaptive LPAS Coding [16-kbit/s G.728 Low-Delay Code Book Excitation Linear Prediction (LD-CELP)]. Parameter Speech Coders: 2.4-kbit/s Mixed-Excitation LPC (MELP). G.723.1 Scalable Coding for Wireless Applications. Evaluating Coders. Comparison of Speech Coders. Conservation of Bandwidth with Voice Activity Detectionaeae83 Bandwidth Consumption of the Codec and Supporting Protocols. Summary.
6. Modems, LAPM, PPP, and the V.100 Series.
Another Look at the Layered Architecture for VoIP. Prevalent Modems. Role of DSPs in Modem Operations. Typical Link Layout. The V.24 Interfac Standard. The EIA-232 Interface. Typical Modem Layout. Role of the Point-to-Point Protocol. The Protocol Data Unit on the Link Between the User and the ISP. V Series Modems. The V.34 Operations. The 56-kbit/s V.90 Modem. V.100, V.110, and V.120 Recommendations for ISDN Interfaces, The V.100 Recommendationaeae103 The V.110 Recommendation. RA Frame. V.110 Handshaking. The V.120 Recommendation. Summary.
7. Connecting to Service Providers Through the Local Loop.
Path Between an Internet User and the Internet. The Bandwidth Problem at the Local Loop. Termination of the Modem Analog Signal. Alternatives to the Modem-based Local Loop Access. The Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN). ISDN Bearer Services. Role of Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Technologies. The Evolving ADSL Technology. The Hybrid Fiber Coax (HFC) Approach. A High-Speed Proprietary Solution. Bypassing the Circuit-Switched Technology to Reach the Internet. Summary.
8. Performance Considerations and Traffic Engineering.
Traffic Engineering Defined. Packet Size, Queue Size, Loss, and Latency. Interarrival Jitter. Goals of Traffic Engineering. The Committed Access Rate. CAR Data Rates. Setting Up CAR Subrate Services. Access Lists. Supporting Traffic Engineering with Queuing. Examples of Queuing Methods. Weighted Fair Queuing. Comparison of Use and Nonuse of WFQ. Custom Queuing. Priority Queuing. Congestion-Avoidance Procedures. Tail Drop, RED, and WRED. Policy-Based Routing. Constrained Routing with MPLS and OSPF. Explicit Routing. LDP and Constraint-Based Routing. Preemption. Example of Constrained Routing to Support VoIP. A Guaranteed Rate for Voice Traffic. Performance of VoIP in the Internet. Summary.
9. RSVP, DiffServ, and Other Supporting Procedures in VoIP Networks.
Reserving Resources for Voice Traffic. QOS Models: IntServ and DiffServ. RSVP. RSVP Operation Entities. Sessions. The Key RSVP Messages. Admission Control and Policy Control. The Flow Descriptor. The Reservation Style. RSVP Set Up in the Router. RSVP Scaling. IP RTP Reserve. DiffServ. The Codepoint and Per-Hop Behavior. The DS Domain. Metering, Marking, Shaping, and Policing Operations. Traffic Classification and Conditioning. Relationships of the DS Functions. DiffServ in the Router. The Real-Time Protocol (RTP). Clocking Protocols with Network Time Protocol (NTP). Role of Multicasting. Basic Concepts. Multicast Trees. Key Protocols. The Session Description Protocol (SDP).Summary.
10. VoIP Gateways and IP Call Processing Protocols.
Tasks of the VoIP Gateway. The Gateway/Gatekeeper Model. IP Call Processing Protocols. H.323 General Description. Architecture of H.323. Major Operations of H.323. Megaco General Description. Architecture of Megaco. Major Operations. MGCP General Description. Architecture of MGCP. Major Operations. SIP General Description. Architecture of SIP. Major Operations. Summary.
11. Internetworking SS7 and Internet Call Processing Reasons to Combine IP and SS7.
Possible Configurations. Vital Telephony Databases at the Service Control Point. The SS7-IP Architectural Framework. The IP/SS7 Internetworking Model (RFC 2719). Implementations of the IP/SS7 Functions. Interworking H.323 and SS7. SIP Internetworking Specifications. SIP QOS Model. SIP QOS Elements. SIP Extensions for SS7 Internetworking. SIP Codes. Typical Call Setupaeae233 Call Failure and Playing an Error Tone/Announcement. Termination at the Other End. SIP Redirection. Caller or Callee Hangs Up. Into the Future with TRIP. The Problem. The Proposed Solution. Future of TRIP. Summary.
12. Other Packet Voice Alternatives.
Use of Other Alternatives.Functions of Voice over Frame Relay. PVC Fragmentation. Fragmentation Operations. Service Multiplexing. Component of the VoFR Specification. Subchannels and the DLCIs. Operations of Voice over Frame Relay. Servicing the Dialed Digits. Fax Transmission. VoFR Encapsulation. Voice over ATM with AAL 1. Voice over ATM with AAL 2. VoFR and VoATM: Partners with or Competitors to VoIP? What Resides in the User Workstation? Here Comes MPLS. For the Future?
Appendix A. Telephony Signaling.
Appendix B. ISDN and SS7.
Appendix C. Tutorial on the V.34 and V.90 Modems.
Acronyms.
References.
Index.