Angles of Vision

PrefacePRELUDE, Reading and Writing in College, Arthur W. Biddle and Toby FulwilerThe Way You're Supposed to ReadReading to UnderstandReading CriticallyReading as a Writer; Writing as a Reader; Lessons from the Pros; Writing for Other Readers; Writing or Ourselves; How to Read This Book.CHAPTER 1, Journal Writing, Toby FulwilerAssigned JournalsUnassigned JournalsWriting about ReadingAnsweringAskingSeeingConnection and ExtendingRethinkingConversationsWhat Journals Look LikeCHAPTER 2, The Story of a Story, Allen Shepherd and Ghita OrthIntroductionResponding to the StoryExamining the StoryCharacterPlotPoint of ViewStyleSettingSymbolismThemeReseeing the StoryTenseOverwritingParagraphsResponsesDavid Huddle, Summer of the Magic ShowWriting about the StoryTalking with the WriterParticipating in Fiction.An Anthology of Short StoriesLouise Erdrich, FleurMary Robinson, I Get ByAlice Adams, Tide PoolsRolando Hinojosa-Smith, Sometimes It Just Happens That Way; That's AllGloria Naylor, Etta Mae JohnsonRaymond Carver, CathedralDavid Quammen, Walking OutAnn Beattie, The Burning HouseT. Alan Broughton, Duck SeasonBarry Hannah, Testimony of a PilotToni Cade Bambara, Gorilla, My LoveJoyce Carol Oates, Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? Yukio Mishima, Swaddling Clothes, Trans. Ivan MorrisAbioseh Nicol, As the Night the DayMary Lavin, Frail VessilJopo Guimarpes Rosa, The Third Bank of the River, Trans. William GrossmanJohn Updike, A Sense of ShelterGabriel Garcia Marquez, Balthazar's Marvelous AfternoonRony V. Diaz, Death in a SawmillAlberto Moravia, The Secret, Trans. Helene CantarellaFlannery O'Connor, Good Country PeopleFrank O'Connor, First ConfessionJames Baldwin, Sonny's BluesLangston Hughes, One Friday MorningEudora Welty, PowerhouseWilliam Faulkner, Barn BurningZora Neale Hurston, The Gilded Six-BitsSherwood Anderson, Death in the WoodsErnest Hemingway, Soldier's HomeD.H. Lawrence, The Horse Dealer's DaughterKatherine Mansfield, The Garden PartyJames Joyce, EvelineCharlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow WallpaperAmbrose Bierce, An Occurrence at Owl Creek BridgeAnton Chekhov, A Dead Body, Trans. Robert PayneHerman Melville, The Paradise of Bachelors and the Tartarus of MaidsEdgar Allan Poe, The Fall of the House of UsherNathaniel Hawthorne, My Kinsman, Major MolineuxDavid Hilberg (student writer), Mask.On FictionEudora Welty, Place in FictionFlannery O'Connor, The Nature and Aim of FictionCHAPTER 3, Why Poetry Matters: Singing a New Song, Dancing an Old Dance, Sidney Poger and Tony Magistrale.IntroductionSection I; Why Poetry?What Does Poetry Look Like?The Poetry of SongSong as PoetryThe Pleasures of the PoemSection II: The Narrative of PoetryFigurative LanguageTechnical DevicesSection III: So What Does It All Mean?What a Poem Means: Writing about PoetryConversation (Poems with Questions)Eloise Klein Healy, Los AngelesRonald Koertge, Two MenLisel Mueller, A Voice from Out of the NightPaul Zimmer, Zimmer in Grade SchoolMaya Angelou, Phenomenal WomanLangston Hughes, Freedom's PlowGwendolyn Brooks, The Lovers of the PoorDon L. Lee, A poem to complement other poemsMeridel LeSueur, The VillageDavid Huddle, Going, 1960-1970Wanda Coleman, RapeWallace Stevens, The Emperor of Ice-CreamCompanions (Paired Poems with Questions)Thomas Hardy, The Darkling ThrushJohn Keats, Ode to a NightingaleEmily Dickinson, Because I could not stop for DeathSylvia Plath, Death & Co.Edgar Allan Poe, EldoradoJohn Keats, La Belle Dame sans MerciGeorge Gordon, Lord Byron, The Destruction of SennacheribOgden Nash, Very Like a WhaleAndre Marvell, To His Coy MistressRobert Herrick, To the Virgins, To Make Much of TimeArchibald MacLeish, You, Andrew MarvellWallace Stevens, So-and-So Reclining On Her CouchTony Magistrale, Vanishing PointBen Jonson, Still to be neat, still to be dressedRobert Herrick, Delight in DisorderTheodore Roethke, The WakingDylan Thomas, Do Not Go Gentle into That Good NightWilliam Carlos Williams, This Is Just to SayKenneth Koch, Variations On a Theme by William Carlos Williamse.e. cummings, raise the shade will youse dearie? Wanda Coleman, Sweet Mama Wanda Tells Fortunes for a PriceWilliam Blake, The Sick RoseRobert Burns, A Red, Red RoseWalt Whitman, To a Locomotive in WinterEmily Dickinson, I Like to See It Lap the MilesThomas Hardy. The Man He KilledWilfred Owen, Strange MeetingWole Soyinka, Massacre, October '66Seamus Heaney, Requiem for the CroppiesChronology of PoemsAnonymous, Timor MortisAnonymous, Western WindAnonymous, Get Up and Bar the DoorWilliam Shakespeare (1564-1616, England): My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun; Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?; Let me not to the marriage of true mindsJohn Donne (1572-1631, England): At the round earth's imagined corner, blow; Death, be not proud; Batter my heart, three-personed God; SongBen Johnson (1573-1637, England): On Gut; Epitaph on Salomon Pavy, A Child of Queen Elizabeth's Chapel; Song: To CeliaRobert Herrick (1591-1674, England), Upon Julia's ClothesSir John Suckling (1609-1642, England), Out upon It! Anne Bradstreet (1612-1672, Colonial America): Some Verses upon the Burning of Our House;To My Dear and Loving HusbandAlexander Pope (1688-1744, England): Engraved on the Collar of a Dog Which I Gave to His Royal HighnessThomas Gray (1716-1771, England), Ode: On the Death of a Favorite Cat, Drowned in a Tub of GoldfishesWilliam Blake (1757-1827, England): The Lamb; The Tyger; LondonRobert Burns (1759-1796, Scotland), John Anderson, My JoAmelia Alderson Opie (1769-1853, United States): Song; The Despairing WandererFelicia Dorothea Browne (1793-1835, United States): Woman On the Field of Battle; The Dreaming Child; The Last Tree of the ForestWilliam Wordsworth (1770-1850, England): A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal; I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud; The World Is Too Much with UsSamuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834, England), Kubla KhanGeorge Gordon, Lord Byron (1788-1824, England), When a Man Hath No Freedom to Fight for at HomePercy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822, England), OzymandiasJohn Keats (1795-1821, England): On First Looking into Chapman's Homer; To AutumnMary Howitt (1799-1888, United States): Childhood; The Spider and the FlyElizabeth Barrett Browning (1806-1861, England), How Do I Love Thee?Oliver Wendell Holmes (1809-1894, United States), The Height of the RidiculousEdgar Allan Poe (1809-1849, United States): Annabel Lee; The BellsAlfred, Lord Tennyson (1809-1892, England): Ulysses; Now Sleeps the Crimson Petal; The EagleRobert Browning (1812-1889, England): My Last Duchess; Home-Thoughts, from Abroad. Herman Melville (1819-1891, United States), A Utilitarian View of the Monitor's FightWalt Whitman (1819-1892, United States): When I Heard the Learn'd Astronomer; Out of the Cradle, Endlessly Rocking; A Noiseless Patient SpiderMatthew Arnold (1822-1888, England), Dover BeachEmily Dickinson (1830-1886), United States): A Bird came down the Walk; I heard a Fly buzz; when I died; A narrow Fellow in the Grass; Tell all the Truth but tell it slantThomas Hardy (1840-1928, England): Ah, Are You Digging on My Grave?; In ChurchA.E. Houseman (1859-1936, England): Loveliest of Trees; With Rue My Heart Is Laden; Terence, This Is Stupid Stuff; When I Was One-and-TwentyWilliam Butler Yeats (1865-1939, Ireland): The Lake Isle of Innisfree; The Wild Swans at Coole; A Prayer for My Daughter; Lapis Lazuli; The Circus Animals' DesertionEdwin Arlington Robinson (1869-1935, United States): Richard Cory; Mr. Flood's PartyWalter de la Mare (1873-1956, England): The Listeners; SilverRobert Frost (1874-1963, United States): Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening; The Silken Tent; DesignWallace Stevens (1879-1955, United States): The Snow Man; Anecdote of the Jar; The Motive for MetaphorWilliam Carlos Williams (1883-1963, United States): Danse Russe; At the Ball Game; The Dance; Tract. D.H. Lawrence (1885-1930, England): Piano; SnakeEzra Pound (1885-1972, United States), In a Station of the MetroRobinson Jeffers (1887-1962, United States): To the Stone-Cutters; Hurt HawksMarianne Moore (1887-1972, United States): Poetry; The Steeple-JackT.S. Eliot (1888-1965, United States: The Hippopotamus; Preludes; The Love Song of J. Alfred PrufrockJohn Crowe Ransom (1888-1974, United States): Bells for John Whiteside's Daughter; Piazza PieceClaude McKay (1890-1948, United States): The White House; America; The Harlem Dancer; If We Must Die; BaptismArchibald MacLeish (1892-1982, United States): Ars Poetica; Memorial Rain; The End of the WorldWilfred Owen (1893-1918, England): Anthem for Doomed Youth; Dulce at Decorem Este.e. cummings (1894-1962, United States): in Just --; next to of course god america I; the Cambridge ladies who live in furnished souls; she being Brand; if everything happens that can't be doneAllen Tate (1899-1979, United States), Ode to the Confederate DeadHart Crane (1899-1932, United States), from Voyages, IILangston Hughes (1902-1967, United States), I, TooStevie Smith (1902-1971, England): Not Waving But Drowning; Our Bog is DoodRichard Eberhart (1904- , United States): Long Term Suffering; Reading Room, The New York Public LibraryLeopold Sedar-Senghor (1906- , Senegal): Visit; New YorkW.H. Auden (1907-1973, England): As I Walked Out One Evening; O what is that sound which so thrills the ear; Musee des beaux arts; The Shield of AchillesTheodore Roethke (1908-1963, United States): My Papa's Waltz; Frau Bauman, Frau Schmidt, and Frau SchwartzeStephen Spender (1909- , England), RoughElizabeth Bishop (1911-1979, United States), The FishRobert Hayden (1913-1980, United States): Those Winter Sundays; Frederick DouglassDylan Thomas (1914-1953, Wales), Fern HillHenry Reed (1914- , England): Naming of Parts; Judging DistancesGwendolyn Brooks (1917- , United States): kitchenette building; the mother; We Real Cool; The Blackstone RangersRobert Lowell (1917-1977, United States): For the Union Dead; Jonathan Edwards in Western MassachusettsNaomi Replansky (1918- , United States), The Mistress Addresses the WifeLawrence Ferlinghetti (1919- , United States): Lost Parents; Constantly Risking AbsurdityAugostnho Neto (1921-1979, Angola): African Poem; The Grieved LandsGabriel Okara (1921- , Nigeria): Piano and Drums; Once Upon a TimePhilip Larkin (1922-1985, England): Church Going; This Be the Verse; A Study of Reading HabitsHoward Moss (1922-1987, United States), The RefrigeratorConstance Urdang (1922- , United States), Sage PlacesRichard Hugo (1923-1982, United States), LandscapesDenise Levertov (1923- , United States), LibationHarvey Shapiro (1924- , United States), Riding WestwardMaxine Kumin (1925- , United States), Men at FortyA.R. Ammons (1926- , United States), Corsons InletRobert Bly (1926- , United States), from The Teeth Mother Naked at LastW.D. Snodgrass (1926- , United States), A Flat OneAllen Ginsberg (1926- , United States): To Aunt Rose; A Supermarket in CaliforniaRalph Pomeroy (1926- , United States), Looking at the Empire State BuildingDavid Mamdessi Diop (1927-1960, Senegal), The VulturesGalway Kinnell (1927- , United States), from The Dead Shall Be Raised IncorruptibleJames Wright (1927-1980, United States), Lying in a Hammock at William Duffy's Farm in Pine Island, MinnesotaKeith Wilson (1927- , United States), The Arrival of My MotherPhilip Levine (1928- , United States), My Son and IDonald Hall (1928- , United States): Kicking the Leaves; Names of HorsesAnne Sexton (1928-1974, United States): All My Pretty Ones; Woman with GirdleJohn Montague (1929- , Ireland), The CageDonald Finkel (1929- , United States), TheyAdrienne Rich (1929- , United States), Aunt Jennifer's TigersDavid Rubadiri (1930- , Malawi), An African ThunderstormGary Snyder (1930- , United States), The BathRobert Winner (1930- , United States), Miss AldermanJohn Engels (1931- , United States), Vivaldi in Early FallEtheridge Knight (1931- , United States), The Idea of AncestryOkot p'Bitek (1931- , Uganda), The Graceful Giraffe Cannot Become a MonkeyAntonio Jacinto (1932- , Angola): Monagamba; Poem of AlienationSylvia Plath (1932-1963, United States), DaddyFelix Mnthali (1933- , Zambia), The Stranglehold of English Lit. Leila Djabali (1933- , Algeria), For My Torturer, Lieutenant D -- , Trans. Anita BarrowsImamu Baraka (1934- , United States)j, Poem for Half White College StudentsWole Soyinka (1934- , Nigeria), Telephone ConversationPaul Zimmer (1934- , United States): Zimmer Envying Elephants; What Zimmer Would Be; The Day Zimmer Lost ReligionKofi Awonoor (1935- , Ghana): Song of War; The Weaver Bird; The First CircleMargaret Piercy (1936- , United States), To the Pay ToiletBrendan Kennelly (1936- , Ireland), The Silent PitsArthur W. Biddle (1936- , United States), GrandfatherGhita Orth (1936- , United States): What Didn't Happen in Arizona; Secrets of the Rain ForestEd Ochester (1939- , United States), The GiftSeamus Heaney (1939- , Ireland): Mid-Term Break; Death of a Naturalist; DiggingRonald Koertge (1940- , United States): Orientation Week; Panty Hose; For May DaughterSharon Olds (1942- , United States), Sex Without LoveDavid Huddle (1942- , United States), Stopping by HomeAlta (1942- , United States): I Never Saw a Man in a Negligee; I Don't Have No Bunny Tail on My Behind; The Art of Enforced DeprivationEllen Bryant Voigt (1943- , United States), The Lotus FlowersNikki Giovanni (1943- , United States): My Poem; The True Import of Present Dialogue: Black vs. NegroJack Mapanje (1945- , Malawi), On Being Asked to Write a Poem for 1979Wanda Coleman (1945- , United States): Women of My Color; Drone; Doing Battle with the WolfAI (Florence Ogawa) (1947- , United States), Why Can't I Leave You?Julia Alvarex (1950- , Dominican Republic): Homecoming; DustingGreg Delanty (1957- , Ireland), Out of the OrdinaryHadiza Lantana Ampah (1964- , Nigeria), When the Clouds GatherOn PoetryWilliam Wordsworth, Preface to "Lyrical Ballads" Robert Frost, The Figure a Poem MakesCHAPTER 4, Reading Script into Play, James R. Howe and William A. StephanyIntroductionConventions of Dramatic ScriptsHow Conventions Work: The Reader's Challenge; Writing AssignmentsExpositionThe Structure of a Play: Scenes and ActsThe Two Masks: Tragedy and ComedyThe Language of DramaImagery; A Retrospective View of the Model ReadingsDo It Yourself; Writing about DramaAn Anthology of PlaysQuestions about DramaThe Greek TheaterSophocles, Oedipus Rex; Trans. Dudley Fitts and Robert FitzgeraldAristophanes, Lysistrata, Trans. Dudley FittsShakespeare and His TheaterWilliam Shakespeare, Hamlet, Edited, with notes, by G.B. HarrisonWilliam Shakespeare, Othello, Edited, with notes by G.B. HarrisonModern DramaHenrik Ibsen, the Wild Duck, Trans. Otto ReinertBerthold Brecht, Mother Courage and Her Children, Trans. Eric BentleyTennessee Williams, The Glass MenagerieLorraine Hansberry, A Raisin in the SunBrian Friel, Philadelphia, Here I Come!Tom Stoppard, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are DeadJack Richardson, Gallows HumorMarsh Norman, Third and OakCharles Fuller, A Soldier's PlayCaryl Churchill, Vinegar TomOn DramaAristotle, Poetics (excerpts), Trans. S.H. ButcherSuzanne Langer, "The Comic Rhythm" (excerpts)CHAPTER 5, Voices in the Essay, Mary Jane Dickerson and Richard SweterlitschIntroductionWhat Is An Essay?; Conversation with the SelfConversations with OthersVoices that Shape the EssayVoices of Meditation; Voices of ResponseVoices of DissentVoices of ExplanationVoices of StorytellingOther VoicesReading Essays/Writing About EssaysE.B. White, Death of a PigAlice Walker, In Search of Our Mothers' GardensCarol Bly, Growing Up ExpressiveBarry Newman, FishermanGuillermo Gomez-Pena, Documented/Undocumented, Trans. Ruben MartinezOn Becoming an EssayistWorks CitedFurther ReadingsFrancis Bacon, Of Marriage and Single LifeJonathon Swift, A Modest ProposalJohn Clare, The Natural WorldSamuel L. Clemens, Advice to YouthJohn Muir, A Wind-Storm in the ForestsVirginia Woolf, How Should One Read a Book?George Orwell, Shooting an ElephantRandall Jarrell, The Other FrostMartin Luther King, Jr., Letter from Birmingham JailAnnie Dillard, Sight Into InsightJoan Didion, Why I WriteMaureen Turley, Women's Studies: My Right to an EducationJames Seilsopour, I forgot the Words to the National AnthemMichelle Cliff, If I Could Write This in Fire, I Would Write This in FireJoyce Carol Oates, On BoxingDonald Hall, WinterWilliam Manchester, Okinawa: The Bloodiest Battle of AllCharles Simic, Reading Philosophy at NightOn The EssayVirginia Wolf, The Modern EssayElizabeth Harwick, Its Only Defense: Intelligence and SparklePhillip Lopate, The Essay Lives- in DisguiseCHAPTER 6: Writing Critical Essays, Robyn WarholWhat Critical Essays DoThe Descriptive Critical EssayThe Evaluative Critical EssayThe Interpretive Critical EssayGetting StartedMake Connections"So What?" Create a ThesisOrganize the EssayConventions of Writing on Literary TopicsVerb TenseQuotationsDocumentation and Use of SourcesWhy Are You Writing a Critical Essay? Works CitedCHAPTER 7: Writing Personal Essays, Mary Jane DickersonPersonal EssaysAutobiography. ConversationExplorationEngaging the Creative ProcessOpen-EndedWorks CitedCHAPTER 8: Imaginative Writing and Risk Taking, William A. Stephany"Rules" for Risk TakingCareful ReadingVoiceRevisionCreative ChoicesImitation FormParodiesImitation of Modern Literary or Cultural FormsRewriting the TextRewriting the EndingCreating DialoguesSome Final ExamplesThe Experimental TraditionCHAPTER 9: Examining the Essay Examination, Tony MagistraleWriting under PressurePreliminary Steps and Some Practical AdviceTypes of Information RequestsPlanningStructuring Essay AnswersPreparation for a Timed Essay ExaminationThe Take-Home ExaminationUsing Class Notes and JournalsRevising and EditingPreparation for a Take-Home Essay ExaminationBeginning at the End: In Memory of BellsCHAPTER 10: Writing Research, Richard SweterlitschGetting StartedFinding an OverviewFollowing LeadsField Research and InterviewingUsing the LibraryDocumentationCitationsFootnotesWorks CitedWorks CitedGlossaryAcknowledgmentsIndex