Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD 2020

Preface v
Chapter 1 Getting Started 1
1-1 Introduction 2
To Start a New Drawing 2
1-2 Tabs and Panels 5
1-3 The Command Line Box 7
1-4 Command Tools 8
1-5 Starting a New Drawing 9
1-6 Naming a Drawing 9
1-7 Drawing Units 12
1-8 Drawing Limits 15
1-9 Grid and Snap 18
1-10 Sample Problem SP1-1 20
1-11 Save and Save As 23
1-12 Open 25
1-13 Close 27
1-14 Exercise Problems 28
Chapter 2 Fundamentals of 2D Construction 31
2-1 Introduction 31
2-2 Line-Random Points 31
2-3 Erase 34
2-4 Line-Snap Points 35
2-5 Line-Dynamic Inputs 36
2-6 Construction Line 38
2-7 Circle 42
2-8 Circle Centerlines 45
2-9 Polyline 47
2-10 Spline 51
2-11 Ellipse 52
2-12 Rectangle 56
2-13 Polygon 57
2-14 Point 58
2-15 Text 59
2-16 Move 65
2-17 Copy 67
2-18 Offset 68
2-19 Mirror 69
2-20 Array 69
2-21 Rotate 72
2-22 Trim 73
2-23 Extend 74
2-24 Break 75
2-25 Chamfer 76
2-26 Fillet 77
2-27 Table 78
2-28 Exercise Problems 82
Chapter 3 Advanced Commands 93
3-1 Introduction 93
3-2 Osnap 93
3-3 Osnap-Endpoint 95
3-4 Osnap-Snap From 95
3-5 Osnap-Midpoint 97
3-6 Osnap-Intersection 97
3-7 Osnap-Apparent Intersection 98
3-8 Osnap-Center 99
3-9 Osnap-Quadrant 100
3-10 Osnap-Perpendicular 100
3-11 Osnap-Tangent 101
3-12 Osnap-Nearest 102
3-13 Sample Problem SP3-1 102
3-14 Sample Problem SP3-2 103
3-15 Grips 105
3-16 Grips-Extend 106
3-17 Grips-Move 107
3-18 Grips-Rotate 108
3-19 Grips-Scale 108
3-20 Grips-Mirror 109
3-21 Blocks 110
3-22 Working with Blocks 113
3-23 Wblock 117
3-24 Layers 120
3-25 Attributes 129
3-26 Title Blocks with Attributes 134
3-27 Edit Polyline 135
3-28 Edit Spline 136
3-29 Edit Text 138
3-30 Constructing the Bisector of an Angle-Method I 139
3-31 Constructing the Bisector of an Angle-Method II 140
3-32 Constructing an Ogee Curve (S-Curve) with Equal Arcs 141
3-33 Constructing a Parabola 142
3-34 Constructing a Hyperbola 143
3-35 Constructing a Spiral 144
3-36 Constructing a Helix 144
3-37 Designing by Using Shape Parameters 145
3-38 Exercise Problems 148
Chapter 4 Sketching 167
4-1 Introduction 167
4-2 Establishing Your Own Style 167
4-3 Graph Paper 168
4-4 Pencils 168
4-5 Lines 168
4-6 Proportions 170
4-7 Curves 171
4-8 Sample Problem SP4-1 172
4-9 Isometric Sketches 173
4-10 Sample Problem SP4-2 175
4-11 Oblique Sketches 176
4-12 Perspective Sketches 178
4-13 Working in Different Orientations 180
4-14 Exercise Problems 181
Chapter 5 Orthographic Views 195
5-1 Introduction 195
5-2 Three Views of an Object 196
5-3 Visualization 197
5-4 Hidden Lines 199
5-5 Hidden Line Conventions 199
5-6 Drawing Hidden Lines 200
5-7 Precedence of Lines 205
5-8 Slanted Surfaces 205
5-9 Projection Between Views 206
5-10 Sample Problem SP5-1 207
5-11 Compound Lines 209
5-12 Sample Problem SP5-2 209
5-13 Oblique Surfaces 211
5-14 Sample Problem SP5-3 213
5-15 Rounded Surfaces 214
5-16 Sample Problem SP5-4 216
5-17 Holes 217
5-18 Holes in Slanted Surfaces 218
5-19 Cylinders 222
5-20 Sample Problem SP5-5 223
5-21 Cylinders with Slanted and Rounded Surfaces 224
5-22 Sample Problem SP5-6 224
5-23 Drawing Conventions and Cylinders 226
5-24 Irregular Surfaces 227
5-25 Sample Problem SP5-7 228
5-26 Hole Callouts 228
5-27 Castings 231
5-28 Sample Problem SP5-8 233
5-29 Thin-Walled Objects 234
5-30 Sample Problem SP5-9 235
5-31 Intersections 236
5-32 Sample Problem SP5-10 237
5-33 Sample Problem SP5-11 239
5-34 Sample Problem SP5-12 239
5-35 Designing by Modifying an Existing Part 242
5-36 Drawing Standards 243
5-37 Third- and First-Angle Projections 245
5-38 Exercise Problems 247
Chapter 6 Sectional Views 281
6-1 Introduction 281
6-2 Cutting Plane Lines 283
6-3 Section Lines 286
6-4 Hatch 288
6-5 Sample Problem SP6-1 290
6-6 Styles of Section Lines 291
6-7 Sectional View Location 292
6-8 Holes in Sections 293
6-9 Gradients 293
6-10 Offset Sections 294
6-11 Multiple Sections 295
6-12 Aligned Sections 296
6-13 Drawing Conventions in Sections 296
6-14 Half, Partial, and Broken-Out Sectional Views 297
6-15 Removed Sectional Views 298
6-16 Breaks 299
6-17 Sectional Views of Castings 300
6-18 Exercise Problems 302
Chapter 7 Auxiliary Views 325
7-1 Introduction 325
7-2 Projection Between Normal and Auxiliary Views 326
7-3 Sample Problem SP7-1 328
7-4 Transferring Lines Between Views 329
7-5 Sample Problem SP7-2 331
7-6 Projecting Rounded Surfaces 332
7-7 Sample Problem SP7-3 332
7-8 Projecting Irregular Surfaces 334
7-9 Sample Problem SP7-4 334
7-10 Sample Problem SP7-5 335
7-11 Partial Auxiliary Views 336
7-12 Sectional Auxiliary Views 337
7-13 Auxiliary Views of Oblique Surfaces 338
7-14 Secondary Auxiliary Views 338
7-15 Sample Problem SP7-6 341
7-16 Secondary Auxiliary View of an Ellipse 343
7-17 Exercise Problems 344
Chapter 8 Dimensioning 359
8-1 Introduction 359
8-2 Terminology and Conventions 359
8-3 Linear Dimension 362
8-4 Dimension Styles 367
8-5 Units 371
8-6 Aligned Dimensions 373
8-7 Radius and Diameter Dimensions 375
8-8 Angular Dimensions 379
8-9 Ordinate Dimensions 381
8-10 Baseline Dimensions 384
8-11 Continue Dimension 385
8-12 Quick Dimension 386
8-13 Center Mark 387
8-14 Mleader and Qleader 388
8-15 Text Angle 391
8-16 Tolerances 392
8-17 Dimensioning Holes 392
8-18 Placing Dimensions 394
8-19 Fillets and Rounds 395
8-20 Rounded Shapes (Internal) 395
8-21 Rounded Shapes (External) 396
8-22 Irregular Surfaces 397
8-23 Polar Dimensions 398
8-24 Chamfers 398
8-25 Knurling 399
8-26 Keys and Keyseats 400
8-27 Symbols and Abbreviations 400
8-28 Symmetry and Centerline 401
8-29 Dimensioning to Points 401
8-30 Coordinate Dimensions 402
8-31 Sectional Views 403
8-32 Orthographic Views 404
8-33 Very Large Radii 405
8-34 Exercise Problems 406
Chapter 9 Tolerancing 427
9-1 Introduction 427
9-2 Direct Tolerance Methods 427
9-3 Tolerance Expressions 428
9-4 Understanding Plus and Minus Tolerances 429
9-5 Creating Plus and Minus Tolerances with AutoCAD 429
9-6 Limit Tolerances 432
9-7 Creating Limit Tolerances by Using AutoCAD 433
9-8 Angular Tolerances 435
9-9 Standard Tolerances 436
9-10 Double Dimensioning 437
9-11 Chain Dimensions and Baseline Dimensions 438
9-12 Tolerance Studies 440
9-13 Rectangular Dimensions 441
9-14 Hole Locations 441
9-15 Choosing a Shaft for a Toleranced Hole 442
9-16 Sample Problem SP9-1 443
9-17 Sample Problem SP9-2 444
9-18 Standard Fits (Metric Values) 444
9-19 Nominal Sizes 447
9-20 Hole and Shaft Basis 447
9-21 Sample Problem SP9-3 447
9-22 Standard Fits (Inch Values) 448
9-23 Sample Problem SP9-4 449
9-24 Preferred and Standard Sizes 449
9-25 Surface Finishes 450
9-26 Surface Control Symbols 452
9-27 Design Problems 453
9-28 Exercise Problems 459
Chapter 10 Geometric Tolerances 473
10-1 Introduction 473
10-2 Tolerances of Form 474
10-3 Flatness 474
10-4 Straightness 475
10-5 Straightness (RFS and MMC) 475
10-6 Circularity 478
10-7 Cylindricity 479
10-8 Geometric Tolerances Created by Using AutoCAD 479
10-9 Tolerances of Orientation 487
10-10 Datums 487
10-11 Perpendicularity 488
10-12 Parallelism 490
10-13 Angularism 491
10-14 Profiles 491
10-15 Runouts 493
10-16 Positional Tolerances 494
10-17 Virtual Condition 496
10-18 Floating Fasteners 496
10-19 Sample Problem SP10-1 497
10-20 Sample Problem SP10-2 498
10-21 Fixed Fasteners 499
10-22 Sample Problem SP10-3 499
10-23 Design Problems 500
10-24 Exercise Problems 503
Chapter 11 Threads and Fasteners 525
11-1 Introduction 525
11-2 Thread Terminology 525
11-3 Thread Callouts (Metric Units) 526
11-4 Thread Callouts (English Units) 526
11-5 Thread Representations 528
11-6 Orthographic Views of Internal Threads 533
11-7 Sectional Views of Internal Thread Representations 535
11-8 Types of Threads 535
11-9 How to Draw an External Square Thread 536
11-10 How to Draw an Internal Square Thread 537
11-11 How to Draw an External Acme Thread 537
11-12 Bolts and Nuts 539
11-13 Screws 539
11-14 Studs 541
11-15 Head Shapes 541
11-16 Nuts 545
11-17 Sample Problem SP11-1 548
11-18 Sample Problem SP11-2 549
11-19 Standard Screws 550
11-20 Setscrews 551
11-21 Washers 552
11-22 Keys 553
11-23 Rivets 554
11-24 Springs 555
11-25 Tool Palettes 558
11-26 Exercise Problems 561
Chapter 12 Working Drawings 571
12-1 Introduction 571
12-2 Assembly Drawings 571
12-3 Drawing Formats (Templates) 574
12-4 Title Block 576
12-5 Revision Block 578
12-6 Tolerance Block 580
12-7 Release Block 580
12-8 Parts List (Bill of Materials-BOM) 581
12-9 Detail Drawings 582
12-10 First-Angle Projection 583
12-11 Drawing Notes 584
12-12 Design Layouts 584
12-13 Sample Problem SP12-1 585
12-14 Sample Problem SP12-2 589
12-15 Sample Problem SP12-3 592
12-16 Exercise Problems 594
Chapter 13 Gears, Bearings, and Cams 617
13-1 Introduction 617
13-2 Types of Gears 617
13-3 Gear Terminology-Spur 618
13-4 Spur Gear Drawings 619
13-5 Sample Problem SP13-1 621
13-6 Sample Problem SP13-2 622
13-7 Sample Problem SP13-3 624
13-8 Selecting Spur Gears 625
13-9 Center Distance Between Gears 626
13-10 Sample Problem SP13-4 627
13-11 Combining Spur Gears 629
13-12 Gear Terminology-Bevel 629
13-13 How to Draw Bevel Gears 631
13-14 Worm Gears 633
13-15 Helical Gears 634
13-16 Racks 636
13-17 Ball Bearings 637
13-18 Sample Problem SP13-5 638
13-19 Bushings 639
13-20 Sample Problem SP13-6 640
13-21 Cam Displacement Diagrams 641
13-22 Cam Motions 643
13-23 Cam Followers 647
13-24 Sample Problem SP13-7 648
13-25 Exercise Problems 651
Chapter 14 Fundamentals of 3D Drawing 663
14-1 Introduction 663
14-2 The World Coordinate System 663
14-3 Viewpoints 665
14-4 Perspective and Parallel Grids 668
14-5 3D Modeling 670
14-6 User Coordinate System (UCS) 672
14-7 Editing a Solid Model 678
14-8 Visual Styles 679
14-9 Rotating a UCS Axis 681
14-10 Sample Problem SP14-1 683
14-11 Visual Errors 685
14-12 Sample Problem SP14-2 685
14-13 Orthographic Views 688
14-14 Line Thickness 692
14-15 Using the Thickness Command to Create Objects 695
14-16 Exercise Problems 698
Chapter 15 Modeling 703
15-1 Introduction 703
15-2 Box 703
15-3 Sphere 708
15-4 Cylinder 708
15-5 Cone 710
15-6 Wedge 712
15-7 Torus 714
15-8 Extrude 715
15-9 Revolve 717
15-10 Helix 718
15-11 Polysolid 719
15-12 Loft 720
15-13 Intersect 721
15-14 Union and Subtract 722
15-15 Solid Modeling and UCSs 725
15-16 Combining Solid Objects 727
15-17 Intersecting Solids 732
15-18 Solid Models of Castings 737
15-19 Thread Representations in Solid Models 741
15-20 List 743
15-21 Massprop 743
15-22 Face and Edge Editing 744
15-23 Exercise Problems 752
Index 781
Chapter 16 Projects (Online Only)
Appendix (Online Only)