Paediatric Pathology
Published on 1. September 1981
Book
Hardback
XI, 697 pages
978-3-540-10507-7 (ISBN)
Description
The increased provision of facilities for neonatal and paediatric care in the last 25 years has been accompanied only in part by appropriate developments in pathology. Specialist pathologists are many fewer than paediatric departments, and details of the advances in knowledge of the pathogenesis of diseases in childhood and of ways of investigating them are not uniformly available. In many institutions an individual with a special interest rather than a special training will be responsible for paediatric pathology and it is to this group of histopathologists that this text is addressed. For this reason it is not written as a comprehensive text and is not intended for use as a reference volume. Areas which may produce particular difficulties for the individual with little specialist knowledge of the very young (e. g. , the lung) are dealt with in more detail and, in general, entities in which the histopathology does not differ greatly from that of the adult disease are considered briefly. A brief account of developmental processes is included where prenatal considerations are helpful in understanding a particular entity. A number of specialist topics which are known to trouble those who work in nonspecialist departments are described fully (diseases of muscle) or with guides to investigation (metabolic disease). The value of investigation and careful description of abnormalities of development is also emphasized. The authors are from different backgrounds, paediatric pathologists (J. W. Keeling, J.
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Colin L. Berry
Paediatric Pathology
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11/1989
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Content
1 Examination of the Fetus.- 1. History.- 2. Dimensions.- 3. Weights.- 4. Dating.- 5. Chronology of Early Pregnancy in Man.- 6. External Examination.- 7. Internal Examination.- 8. Abnormalities of Specific Systems.- 9. Blighted Ova.- 10. Some Normal Histological Appearances During Development.- 2 Placental and Abortion Pathology.- 1. General Comments.- 2. Handling of Tissues.- 3. Developmental Morphology.- 4. Post-mortem Placental Changes.- 5. Placental Pathology in Early Gestation.- 6. Placental Pathology in Late Gestation.- 3 Congenital Malformations.- 1. Genetics of Common Malformations.- 2. Chromosomal Abnormality and Malformations.- 3. Specific Human Teratogens.- 4. Infectious Causes of Abnormal Development.- 5. Antenatal Diagnosis of Congenital Abnormalities.- 4 Cardiac Pathology.- 1. Autopsy Technique.- 2. Segmental Analysis of the Heart.- 3. Congenital Heart Disease.- 4. Congenital Malformations of the Aorta.- 5. Congenital Malformations of the Central Pulmonary Arteries.- 6. 'Isolated' Congenital Abnormalities of Endo-, Myo-, and Pericardium.- 7. Congenital Heart Block.- 8. Complications of Congenital Heart Disease.- 9. Syndromes Commonly Associated with Cardiovascular Malformations.- 10. Cardiac Tumours.- 5 Central Nervous System.- 1. Development.- 2. Reactions to Injury in the Nervous System.- 3. Malformations.- 4. Deprivational and Toxic Lesions.- 5. Kernicterus.- 6. Vascular and Hypoxic Damage.- 7. Epilepsy.- 8. Trauma.- 9. Infections.- 10. Tumours.- 11. Hydrocephalus.- 6 Gastrointestinal System.- 1. Embryology.- 2. Facial and Oral Abnormalities.- 3. Salivary Glands.- 4. Oesophagus.- 5. Stomach.- 6. Duodenum.- 7. Pancreas.- 8. Small Bowel.- 9. Hirschsprung's Disease.- 10. Malformations of the Anus and Rectum.- 11. Polypoid Lesions of the Large Bowel.- 12. Appendix.- 13. Ulcerative Colitis.- 14. Crohn's Disease.- 15. Perforation of the Large Bowel.- 16. Hernias.- 17. Pneumatosis Intestinalis.- 18. Malignant Tumours.- 7 Liver and Gallbladder.- 1. Embryology.- 2. Anomalies of Position, Form, and Size.- 3. Physiological Neonatal Jaundice.- 4. Erythroblastosis Fetalis.- 5. Metabolic Defects.- 6. Cystic Disease.- 7. Liver Disease with Giant-cell Transformation and Cholestasis.- 8. Intravenous Alimentation.- 9. Infections.- 10. Fatty Degeneration.- 11. Reye's Syndrome.- 12. Kwashiorkor.- 13. Cirrhosis.- 14. Thalassaemia.- 15. Mucoviscidosis.- 16. Budd-Chiari Syndrome.- 17. Trauma.- 18. Tumours.- 19. Gallbladder.- 8 Respiratory System.- 1. Development.- 2. Nose and Nasopharynx.- 3. Larynx and Trachea.- 4. Lungs.- 5. Bronchial Lesions.- 6. Lung Involvement in Metabolic Diseases.- 7. Tumours.- 9 Diseases of the Kidney and Lower Urinary Tract.- 1. Embryology.- 2. Congenital Anomalies.- 3. Cystic Disease of the Kidney.- 4. Renal Diseases Principally Affecting the Glomeruli.- 5. Renal Vascular Disease.- 6. Renal Infection.- 7. Urolithiasis.- 8. Hereditary Abnormalities of Renal Tubular Transport.- 9. Renal Tumours.- 10. Renal Pelvis, Ureter, Bladder and Urethra-Embryology.- 11. Renal Pelvis and Ureter.- 12. Bladder.- 13. Urethra.- 14. Disorders of Differentiation of the Genital Tract.- 10 Diseases of Bones and Joints.- 1. Normal Development of the Skeletal System.- 2. Abnormal Development.- 3. Skeletal Abnormalities Developed Later in Childhood or Adolescence.- 4. Osteogenesis Imperfecta (Fragilitas Ossium).- 5. Osteopetrosis (Albers-Schonberg Disease; Marble Bone Disease).- 6. Inborn Errors of Metabolism.- 7. Metabolic Disorders Related to Bones.- 8. Endocrine Disorders and the Skeleton.- 9. Skeletal Changes in Haematological Disorders.- 10. Chronic Polyarthritis.- 11. Infections of Bones and Joints.- 12. Tumours and Tumour-like Conditions.- 11 Muscle and Peripheral Nerve.- 1. Muscle Biopsy Techniques.- 2. Histological Features of Neuromuscular Disease.- 3. Classification of Neuromuscular Disorders.- 4. Myopathic Disorders.- 5. Neurogenic Disorders.- 6. Diseases of Peripheral Nerve.- 12 Spleen, Lymph Nodes and Immunoreactive Tissues.- 1. Embryogenesis and Development.- 2. Fetal Immunoreactivity.- 3 Immune-deficiency States.- 4. Other Diseases of the Thymus.- 5. Anatomical Abnormalities of the Spleen.- 6. Effects of Splenectomy.- 7. Cysts.- 8. Storage Disorders.- 9. Histiocytosis X.- 10. Leukaemia.- 11. Malignant Lymphomas.- 13 Endocrine Pathology in Paediatrics.- 1. Adrenal Cortex.- 2. Adrenal Medulla and Paraganglia.- 3. Pancreatic Islets.- 4. Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndrome.- 5. Parathyroid Glands.- 6. Pituitary.- 7. Thyroid.- 8. Hormonal Effects of Gonadal Tumours.- 9. Ectopic Hormone Syndromes Associated with Tumours.- 14 Metabolic Disorders: General Considerations.- 1. Blood-film Examination.- 2. Bone-marrow Examination.- 3. Urine Examination.- 4. Neuronal Storage Disease: Diagnosis by Rectal Biopsy.- 5. Glycogen Storage Disease (GSD).- 6. Other Tissues and Techniques.- 15 Embryonic Tumours of Children.- 1. Aetiology.- 2. Retinoblastoma.- 3. Neuroblastoma.- 4. Medulloblastoma.- 5. Nephroblastoma.- 6. Rhabdomyosarcoma.- 7. Hepatoblastoma.- 8. Teratomas.- 9. Second Malignant Neoplasms in Children Surviving Embryonic Neoplasms.- 16 Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Nonaccidental Injury.- A. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome.- 1. Epidemiology.- 2. Necropsy Technique.- 3. Necropsy Findings.- 4. Pathogenesis.- B. Nonaccidental Injury.- 1. Necropsy Examination.- 2. Pathological Findings.- 3. Dietary Abuse.