Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory Textbook: Intermediate Version

Part 1 Some fundamentals: anatomical terminology; body cavities and membranes; organ systems - rat dissection. Part 2 Cells and tissues: microscopy; basic cell structure; mitosis; osmosis and cell membrane integrity; epithelial tissues; connective tissues; the integument. Part 3 The skeletal system: the skeletal plan; the skull; the vertebral column and thorax; the appendicular skeleton; articulations. Part 4 Skeletal muscle physiology: electronic instrumentation; muscle structure; body movements; nerve and muscle tissues; the neuromuscular junction; the physicochemical nature of muscle contraction; muscle contraction experiments - using chart recorders; muscle contraction experiments - using the intelitool physiogrip TM; electromyography. Part 5 The major skeletal muscles: fetal pig or cat dissection - skin removal; head and neck muscles; trunk and shoulder muscles; upper extremity muscles; abdominal, pelvic, and intercostal muscles; lower extremity muscles. Part 6 The nervous system: the spinal cord, spinal nerves, and reflex arcs; somatic reflexes; the patellar reflex - using the intelitool flexocomp TM; brain anatomy - external; brain anatomy - internal. Part 7 The sense organs: anatomy of the eye; visual tests the ear - its role in hearing; the ear - its role in equilibrium/histology/atlas. Part 8 Haematology: a white blood cell study - the differential WBC count; total blood cell counts; haemoglobin percentage measurement; packed red cell volume; coagulation time; blood typing. Part 9 The cardiovascular system: anatomy of the heart; cardiovascular sounds; electrocardiogram monitoring - using chart recorders; electrocardiogram monitoring - using the intelitool cardiogram Tm; pulse monitoring; blood pressure monitoring; peripheral circulation control (frog); the arteries and veins; fetal circulation; the lymphatic system and immune response. Part 10 The respiratory system: the respiratory organs; hy-perventilation and rebreathing; the diving reflex; the Valsalva manoeuvre; spirometry - lung capacities; spirometry - the FEVT test; spirometry - using the intelitool spirocomp TM. Part 11 The digestive system: anatomy of the digestive system; the chemistry of hydrolysis; factors affecting hydrolysis. Part 12 The excretory system: anatomy of the urinary system; urine - composition and tests. Part 13 The endocrine and reproductive systems: the endocrine glands; the reproductive system; laboratory reports. Appendices: tables; solutions and reagents; tests and methods; physiograph R sample records; microorganisms; slice of life videodisc directory; reading references.